| Records |
| Author |
Rubin, L.; Oppegard, C.; Hindz, H.F. |
| Title |
The effect of varying the temporal distribution of conditioning trials on equine learning behavior |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal  |
J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume |
50 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
1184-1187 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Conditioning (Psychology); *Horses; *Learning |
| Abstract |
Two experiments were conducted to study the effect of varying the temporal distrbution of conditioning sessions on equine learning behavior. In the first experiment, 15 ponies were trained to clear a small hurdle in response to a buzzer in order to avoid a mild electric shock. Three treatments were used. One group received 10 learning trials daily, seven times a week; one group was trained in the same fashion two times a week and one group was trained once a week. The animals conditioned only once a week achieved a high level of performance in significantly fewer sessions than the ones conditioned seven times a week, although elapsed time from start of training to completion was two to three times greater for the former group. The twice-a-week group learned at an intermediate rate. In the second experiment, the ponies were rearranged into three new groups. They were taught to move backward a specific distance in response to a visual cue in order to avoid an electric shock. Again, one group was trained seven times a week, one group was trained two times and one group was trained once a week. As in the first experiment, the animals trained once a week achieved the learning criteria in significantly fewer sessions than those trained seven times a week, but, as in trial 1, elapsed time from start to finish was greater for them. The two times-a-week group learned at a rate in-between the rates of the other two groups. |
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0021-8812 |
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| Notes |
PMID:7400060 |
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| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3558 |
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| Author |
Hintz, R.L. |
| Title |
Genetics of performance in the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
| Volume |
51 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
582-594 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Exertion; Horses/*genetics/physiology; Sports |
| Abstract |
Criteria used to measure performance, environmental factors that influence performance and estimates of heritability are needed to estimate genetic differences. Published heritability estimates of various measures of performance in the horse are summarized. The average heritability estimates of pulling ability and cutting ability are .25 and .04, respectively. Heritability estimates are .18, .19 and .17 for log of earnings from jumping, 3-day event and dressage performance, respectively. Heritability estimates of performance rates, log of earnings, earnings, handicap weight, best handicap weight, time and best time for the Thoroughbred are .55, .49, .09, .49, .33, .15 and .23, respectively. Heritability estimates of log of earnings, earnings, time and best time for the trotter are .41, .20, .32, and .25, respectively. The heritability estimate of best time for the pacer is .23. The effectiveness of selection will depend on which performance trait is to be improved. |
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0021-8812 |
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PMID:7440446 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3758 |
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| Author |
Keiper, R.R.; Keenan, M.A. |
| Title |
Nocturnal activity patterns of feral horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
J. Mammal |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Mammal |
| Volume |
61 |
Issue |
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Pages |
116-118 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2311 |
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| Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Harvey, P.H. |
| Title |
Primates, brains and ecology |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Journal of Zoology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Zool. Lond. |
| Volume |
190 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
309-323 |
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| Abstract |
The paper examines systematic relationships among primates between brain size (relative to body size) and differences in ecology and social system. Marked differences in relative brain size exist between families. These are correlated with inter-family differences in body size and home range size. Variation in comparative brain size within families is related to diet (folivores have comparatively smaller brains than frugivores), home range size and possibly also to breeding system. The adaptive significance of these relationships is discussed. |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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1469-7998 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5451 |
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| Author |
Lang Em, |
| Title |
Erfahrungen mit Somaliawildeseln |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1980 |
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Liber Amicorum Walter den Bergh |
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| Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1336 |
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| Author |
Salter Re, P.D. |
| Title |
Determinants of mineral lick utilization by feral horses |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
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Northwest Sci |
| Volume |
54 |
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Pages |
109-118 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1554 |
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Harvey, P.H.; Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Mace, G.M. |
| Title |
Brain size and ecology in small mammals and primates |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
PNAS |
| Volume |
77 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
4387-4389 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5456 |
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| Author |
Bunnell, B.; Perkins, M. |
| Title |
Performance correlates of social behavior and organization: Social rank and complex problem solving in crab-eating macaques (M. fascicularis) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
| Volume |
21 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
515-523 |
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Abstract Seventeen male crab-eating macaques, drawn from two captive troops, were tested on a series of complex problem solving tasks in a Wisconsin General Test Apparatus (wgta). The animals were trained on a series of 6-trial object quality learning set problems followed by a series of 10-trial object quality learning set problems. They were then given problems in which the correct stimulus object was reversed part way through the problem. After the animals reached criterion on this task, the reversal learning set was then extinguished. High ranking animals made more intraproblem errors than low ranking animals on the 6-trial problems, but there was no relationship between social status and the rapidity with which the object quality learning set was established. Animals that received overtraining on the 6-trial problems transferred their learning virtually intact to the 10-trial problems; however, high ranking animals without overtraining made more errors than low ranking animals. On reversal learning and reversal extinction, high ranking animals made more errors on critical trials, indicating that they formed and extinguished the reversal set more slowly than low ranking animals. Object quality sets, as measured by trial-2 performance, were not affected by the reversal conditions. |
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2082 |
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Bunnell, B.; Gore, W.; Perkins, M. |
| Title |
Performance correlates of social behavior and organization: Social rank and reversal learning in crab-eating macaques (M. fascicularis) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
| Volume |
21 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
376-388 |
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Abstract Seventeen male crab-eating macaques drawn from two captive troops, were tested on a brightness discrimination, reversal learning task. Fourteen of these animals completed ten reversals. It was found that the performance of the three highest ranking animals from each troop, taken together, was poorer than that of the lower ranking animals that were tested. The high ranking animals made more errors before reaching criterion on both initial learning and the reversal problems. Analysis of error patterns revealed that, while the high ranking animals had no more difficulty than the others in withholding their responses to the previously correct stimulus following reversals, they did not adopt the correct strategy as soon as the low ranking animals. The results have been interpreted in terms of a carry-over of a hypothetical factor or factors resulting from pressures created by the ongoing social dynamics involved in establishing and maintaining a given social rank at the time laboratory testing occurred. |
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2083 |
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| Author |
Lewis,P.; Gardner, ET; Lopatto, D. |
| Title |
Shock-duration reduction as negative reinforcement |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1980 |
Publication |
The Psychological Record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychol. Rec, |
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In 2 experiments, 9 female Sprague-Dawley albino rats were shocked every 30 sec. Before the barpress response, shocks were long (2 sec); for 3 min after a response, shocks were short (0.1, 0.5, or 1 sec). When responding reduced shocks from 2 to 0.1 sec, barpressing was acquired, and the shorter the shocks the more time spent with the short-shock condition in effect. In another procedure, the duration of individual shocks following a response was controlled so that the 1st shock was as long as those before the response (2 sec), but the remaining shocks in the 3-min period were short (0.1 sec). Barpressing was maintained in some Ss and acquired in others showing that, even when delayed, a reduction in shock duration is reinforcing. These findings question the generality of a 2-factor, safety-signal interpretation of negative reinforcement. These results plus others imply that to predict responding in aversive situations it is necessary to integrate, for at least several minutes, the parameters of aversive events that follow a response. (27 ref) (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2014 APA, all rights reserved) |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3596 |
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