| Records |
| Author |
Whiten, A. |
| Title |
The second inheritance system of chimpanzees and humans |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal  |
Nature |
| Volume |
437 |
Issue |
7055 |
Pages |
52-55 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild/physiology/psychology; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Culture; Female; Humans; Imitative Behavior; Learning/*physiology; Pan troglodytes/*physiology/psychology; *Social Behavior; Technology |
| Abstract |
Half a century of dedicated field research has brought us from ignorance of our closest relatives to the discovery that chimpanzee communities resemble human cultures in possessing suites of local traditions that uniquely identify them. The collaborative effort required to establish this picture parallels the one set up to sequence the chimpanzee genome, and has revealed a complex social inheritance system that complements the genetic picture we are now developing. |
| Address |
Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, and Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, UK. a.whiten@st-and.ac.uk |
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| Language |
English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1476-4687 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:16136127 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
730 |
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| Author |
Rands, S.A.; Cowlishaw, G.; Pettifor, R.A.; Rowcliffe, J.M.; Johnstone, R.A. |
| Title |
Spontaneous emergence of leaders and followers in foraging pairs |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Nature |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume |
423 |
Issue |
6938 |
Pages |
432-434 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Energy Metabolism; Food; *Food Chain; *Models, Biological; Motor Activity; *Social Behavior; Time Factors |
| Abstract |
Animals that forage socially often stand to gain from coordination of their behaviour. Yet it is not known how group members reach a consensus on the timing of foraging bouts. Here we demonstrate a simple process by which this may occur. We develop a state-dependent, dynamic game model of foraging by a pair of animals, in which each individual chooses between resting or foraging during a series of consecutive periods, so as to maximize its own individual chances of survival. We find that, if there is an advantage to foraging together, the equilibrium behaviour of both individuals becomes highly synchronized. As a result of this synchronization, differences in the energetic reserves of the two players spontaneously develop, leading them to adopt different behavioural roles. The individual with lower reserves emerges as the 'pace-maker' who determines when the pair should forage, providing a straightforward resolution to the problem of group coordination. Moreover, the strategy that gives rise to this behaviour can be implemented by a simple 'rule of thumb' that requires no detailed knowledge of the state of other individuals. |
| Address |
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. s.rands@zoo.cam.ac.uk |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0028-0836 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:12761547 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5138 |
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| Author |
Adolphs, R. |
| Title |
Cognitive neuroscience of human social behaviour |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Nature Reviews. Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal |
Nat Rev Neurosci |
| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
165-178 |
| Keywords |
Cognition; Emotions; Humans; Models, Psychological; *Social Behavior |
| Abstract |
We are an intensely social species--it has been argued that our social nature defines what makes us human, what makes us conscious or what gave us our large brains. As a new field, the social brain sciences are probing the neural underpinnings of social behaviour and have produced a banquet of data that are both tantalizing and deeply puzzling. We are finding new links between emotion and reason, between action and perception, and between representations of other people and ourselves. No less important are the links that are also being established across disciplines to understand social behaviour, as neuroscientists, social psychologists, anthropologists, ethologists and philosophers forge new collaborations. |
| Address |
Deparment of Neurology, University of Iowa, 200 Hawkins Drive, Iowa City, Iowa 52242, USA. ralph-adolphs@uiowa.edu |
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English |
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| ISSN |
1471-003X |
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| Notes |
PMID:12612630 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4706 |
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| Author |
Larose, C.; Richard-Yris, M.-A.; Hausberger, M.; Rogers, L.J. |
| Title |
Laterality of horses associated with emotionality in novel situations |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Laterality |
Abbreviated Journal |
Laterality |
| Volume |
11 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
355-367 |
| Keywords |
Affect/*physiology; Animals; Brain/*physiology; Female; Functional Laterality/*physiology; Horses; Male; *Social Behavior; *Social Environment |
| Abstract |
We have established that lateral biases are characteristic of visual behaviour in 65 horses. Two breeds, Trotters and French Saddlebreds aged 2 to 3, were tested on a novel object test. The main finding was a significant correlation between emotionality index and the eye preferred to view the novel stimulus: the higher the emotionality, the more likely that the horse looked with its left eye. The less emotive French Saddlebreds, however, tended to glance at the object using the right eye, a tendency that was not found in the Trotters, although the emotive index was the same for both breeds. The youngest French Saddlebreds did not show this trend. These results are discussed in relation to the different training practices for the breeds and broader findings on lateralisation in different species. |
| Address |
Universite de Rennes 1, France |
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Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1357-650X |
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| Notes |
PMID:16754236 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 |
Serial |
1826 |
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| Author |
Khalil, A.M.; Murakami, N.; Kaseda, Y. |
| Title |
Relationship between plasma testosterone concentrations and age, breeding season and harem size in Misaki feral horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1998 |
Publication |
The Journal of veterinary medical science / the Japanese Society of Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Vet Med Sci |
| Volume |
60 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
643-645 |
| Keywords |
Age Factors; Animals; Animals, Wild; *Horses; Japan; Male; Reproduction; Seasons; Sexual Behavior, Animal; Sexual Maturation; *Social Behavior; Testosterone/*blood |
| Abstract |
Jugular vein blood samples were collected from 23 young and sexual mature feral stallions to examine the relationship between plasma testosterone concentration and age, breeding season or harem size. Testosterone concentration increased with the age of the stallions until they formed their own harems, at about 4 to 6 years old. Seasonal variations in testosterone concentrations were observed, and found to be significantly higher (P<0.001) throughout the breeding season than non-breeding season, from 3 years of age. Testosterone levels were correlated with harem size for individual stallions. It can be inferred from these results that there is a relationship between plasma testosterone concentration and age, breeding season and harem size. |
| Address |
Laboratory of Animal Behavioral Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Miyazaki University, Japan |
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Place of Publication |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0916-7250 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:9637303 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
137 |
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| Author |
Klingel, H. |
| Title |
Social organization of feral horses |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1982 |
Publication |
Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Reprod Fertil Suppl |
| Volume |
32 |
Issue |
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Pages |
89-95 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male; Sexual Behavior, Animal; *Social Behavior; Territoriality |
| Abstract |
The basic social unit in feral horses is the family group consisting of one stallion, one to a few unrelated mares and their foals. Surplus stallions associate in bachelor groups. Stallions are instrumental in bringing mares together in a unit which then persists even without a stallion. The similarity of social organization in populations living in a variety of different habitats indicates that feral horses have reverted to the habits of their wild ancestors, and that domestication has had no influence on this basic behavioural feature. |
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English |
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Edition |
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0449-3087 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:6962906 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
1958 |
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| Author |
Brosnan, S.F.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
| Title |
Socially learned preferences for differentially rewarded tokens in the brown capuchin monkey (Cebus apella) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
| Volume |
118 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
133-139 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cebus; *Choice Behavior; Female; *Learning; Male; *Reward; *Social Behavior |
| Abstract |
Social learning is assumed to underlie traditions, yet evidence indicating social learning in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella), which exhibit traditions, is sparse. The authors tested capuchins for their ability to learn the value of novel tokens using a previously familiar token-exchange economy. Capuchins change their preferences in favor of a token worth a high-value food reward after watching a conspecific model exchange 2 differentially rewarded tokens, yet they fail to develop a similar preference after watching tokens paired with foods in the absence of a conspecific model. They also fail to learn that the value of familiar tokens has changed. Information about token value is available in all situations, but capuchins seem to pay more attention in a social situation involving novel tokens. |
| Address |
Living Links Center, Yerkes National Primate Research Center, and Graduate Division of Biological and Biomedical Sciences, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30329, USA. sbrosna@emory.edu |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:15250800 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
173 |
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| Author |
Weaver, A.; de Waal, F.B.M. |
| Title |
The mother-offspring relationship as a template in social development: reconciliation in captive brown capuchins (Cebus apella) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
| Volume |
117 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
101-110 |
| Keywords |
*Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cebus; Conflict (Psychology); Female; Male; *Maternal Behavior; Pilot Projects; *Social Behavior; Statistics, Nonparametric |
| Abstract |
Mother-offspring (MO) relationship quality was investigated to determine its influence on the development of reconciliation--affiliation between opponents shortly after a fight--because it influenceswhat distressed youngsters learn about calming down. Data were longitudinal and cross-sectional observational samples of 38 MO pairs of monkeys across 24 months. An MO relationship quality index (RQI) classified each pair as secure or insecure. Reconciliation emerged in infancy.Secure youngsters had an appeasing conciliatory style, and insecure youngsters had an agitated conciliatory style. Conclusions are that reconciliation develops from the attachment behavior system and MO RQI is related to the particular conciliatory style youngsters develop by affecting how aroused they are by conflict and the subsequent socializing they seek to calm down. |
| Address |
Living Links, Yerkes Primate Center and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. dazzlingdolphins@cox.net |
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English |
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0735-7036 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:12735370 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
180 |
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| Author |
Lilienfeld, S.O.; Gershon, J.; Duke, M.; Marino, L.; de Waal, F.B. |
| Title |
A preliminary investigation of the construct of psychopathic personality (psychopathy) in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
| Volume |
113 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
365-375 |
| Keywords |
Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antisocial Personality Disorder/*diagnosis/psychology; Ethology/*methods; Female; Male; Observer Variation; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/*standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sex Characteristics; *Social Behavior |
| Abstract |
Although the construct of psychopathy has received considerable attention in humans, its relevance to other animals is largely unknown. We developed a measure of psychopathy for use in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), the Chimpanzee Psychopathy Measure (CPM), and asked 6 raters to complete this index on 34 chimpanzees. The CPM (a) demonstrated satisfactory interrater reliability and internal consistency; (b) exhibited marginally significant sex differences (males > females); (c) correlated positively with measures of extraversion, agreeableness, and observational ratings of agonism, sexual activity, daring behaviors, teasing, silent bluff displays, and temper tantrums, and negatively with observational ratings of generosity; and (d) demonstrated incremental validity above and beyond a measure of dominance. Although further validation of the CPM is needed, these findings suggest that the psychopathy construct may be relevant to chimpanzees. |
| Address |
Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. scott@ss.emory.edu |
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English |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0735-7036 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:10608560 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
193 |
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| Author |
Aureli, F.; Preston, S.D.; de Waal, F.B. |
| Title |
Heart rate responses to social interactions in free-moving rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta): a pilot study |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
| Volume |
113 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
59-65 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Female; Grooming/physiology; Heart Rate/*physiology; Macaca mulatta/*physiology; Male; Movement/*physiology; Pilot Projects; *Social Behavior |
| Abstract |
Heart rate telemetry was explored as a means to access animal emotion during social interactions under naturalistic conditions. Heart rates of 2 middle-ranking adult females living in a large group of rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) were recorded along with their behavior. Heart rate changes during 2 types of interactions were investigated, while controlling for the effects of posture and activity. The risk of aggression associated with the approach of a dominant individual was expected to provoke anxiety in the approachee. This prediction was supported by the heart rate increase after such an approach. No increase was found when the approacher was a kin or a subordinate individual. The tension-reduction function of allogrooming was also supported. Heart rate decelerated faster during the receipt of grooming than in matched control periods. |
| Address |
Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. aureli@rmy.emory.edu |
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English |
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Edition |
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0735-7036 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:10098269 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
197 |
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