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Author | Harlow, H.F. | ||||
Title | Learning and satiation of response in intrinsically motivated complex puzzle performance by monkeys | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1950 | Publication | Journal of Comparative and Physiological Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Physiol Psychol |
Volume | 43 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 289-294 |
Keywords | Animals; *Haplorhini; *Learning; *Motivation; *Psychology; *Satiation; *Learning; *Motivation; *Psychology | ||||
Abstract | Two rhesus monkeys, given 60 two-hour sessions with a six-device mechanical puzzle showed clear evidence of learning, the curve showing ratio of incorrect to correct responses appearing quite comparable to similar curves obtained during externally rewarded situations. When, on the thirteenth day of tests, the subjects were presented with the puzzle 100 times at 6-minute intervals, the number of devices manipulated decreased regularly throughout the day, although there was no significant change in the number of times the problem assembly was attacked. | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0021-9940 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:15436888 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6550 | ||
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Author | Birch, H.G. | ||||
Title | The relation of previous experience to insightful problem-solving | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1945 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Psychol |
Volume | 38 | Issue | Pages | 367-383 | |
Keywords | Humans; *Problem Solving; *Psychology, Comparative; *PSYCHOLOGY/comparative | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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ISSN | 0021-9940 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | PMID:21010765 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6554 | ||
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Author | Meriggi,A.; Lovari, S. | ||||
Title | A Review of Wolf Predation in Southern Europe: Does the Wolf Prefer Wild Prey to Livestock? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Journal of Applled Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Ecol |
Volume | 33 | Issue | Pages | 1561-1571 | |
Keywords | Canis lupus, conservation, food habits, prey abundance, prey availability. | ||||
Abstract | 1. The recent recovery of the wolf in southern Europe has not yet removed the risk of local extinction. Wolf populations are fragmented and often comprise fewer than 500 individuals. In North America, northern and eastern Europe, wolves feed maiiily on wild herbivores. In southern Europe, this canid has apparently adapted to feed also on fruit, rubbish, livestock, small and medium-size mammals. 2. The main conservation problem lies with predation o n domestic ~ingulates,w liich leads to extensive killing of wolves. The reintroduction of wild large herbivores has been advocated as a means of reducing attacks on livestock, but predatiori on the latter may remain high if domestic ungulates are locally abundant. 3. Our synthesis of 15 studies, published in the last 15 years, on food habits of the wolf in southern Europe, has shown that ungulates have been the main diet component overall. A significant inverse correlation was found between the occurrence (%) of wild and domestic ungulates in the diet. The presence of relatively few wild ungulate species was necessary to reduce predation on livestock. 4. Selection of wild and domestic ungulate prey was influenced mainly by their local abundance, but also by their accessibility. Feeding dependence on rubbish was local and rare. In Italy, the consumption of riibbish/fruit and that of ungulates was significantly negatively correlated. Diet breadth increased as the presence of large prey in tlie diet decreased. 5. The simultaneous reintroduction of severa1 wild ungulate species is likely to reduce predation on livestock and may prove to be one of the most effective conservation measures. |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6387 | ||
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Author | Podsakoff, P.M.; MacKenzie, S. B.; Lee, J.-Y.; Podsakoff, N. P. | ||||
Title | Common method biases in behavioral research: A critical review of the literature and recommended remedies. | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2002 | Publication | Journal of Applied Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Psychol. |
Volume | 85 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 879-903 |
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Abstract | Interest in the problem of method biases has a long history in the behavioral sciences. Despite this, a comprehensive summary of the potential sources of method biases and how to control for them does not exist. Therefore, the purpose of this article is to examine the extent to which method biases influence behavioral research results, identify potential sources of method biases, discuss the cognitive processes through which method biases influence responses to measures, evaluate the many different procedural and statistical techniques that can be used to control method biases, and provide recommendations for how to select appropriate procedural and statistical remedies for different types of research settings. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) $11.95 |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6435 | ||
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Author | Custance, D.; Whiten, A.; Fredman, T. | ||||
Title | Social learning of an artificial fruit task in capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella). | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1999 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Comp. Psychol. |
Volume | 113 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 13-23 |
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Abstract | Social learning in 11 human-raised capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) was investigated using an artificial fruit that was designed as an analogue of natural foraging problems faced by primates. Each subject observed a human model open each of 3 principal components on the fruit in 1 of 2 alternative ways (“morphs”). The capuchin monkeys reproduced, to differing extents, the alternative techniques used for opening 1 component of the task (poking vs. pulling while twisting out a pair of smooth plastic bolts) but not the other 2. From the subjects' actions on the bolt latch, independent coders could recognize which morph they had witnessed, and they observed a degree of matching to the demonstrator's act consistent with simple imitation or object movement reenactment (A learns from watching B how an object, or parts of an object, move). Thus, these capuchins were capable of more complex social learning than has been recently ascribed to monkeys. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6563 | ||
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Author | Dorey, N.R.; Conover, A.M.; Udell, M.A.R. | ||||
Title | Interspecific communication from people to horses (Equus ferus caballus) is influenced by different horsemanship training styles | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2014 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology, | Abbreviated Journal | J. Comp. Psychol. |
Volume | 128 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 337-342 |
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Abstract | The ability of many domesticated animals to follow human pointing gestures to locate hidden food has led to scientific debate on the relative importance of domestication and individual experience on the origins and development of this capacity. To further explore this question, we examined the influence of different prior training histories/methods on the ability of horses (Equus ferus caballus) to follow a momentary distal point. Ten horses previously trained using one of two methods (Parelli™ natural horsemanship or traditional horse training) were tested using a standard object choice task. The results show that neither group of horses was initially able to follow the momentary distal point. However, after more experience with the point, horses previously trained using the Parelli natural horsemanship method learned to follow momentary distal points significantly faster than those previously trained with traditional methods. The poor initial performance of horses on distal pointing tasks, coupled with the finding that prior training history and experimental experience can lead to success on this task, fails to support the predictions of the domestication hypothesis and instead lends support to the two-stage hypothesis. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2016 APA, all rights reserved) | ||||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6564 | ||
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Author | Kwang Ng Aik; Rodrigues Daphne | ||||
Title | A Big-Five Personality Profile of the Adaptor and Innovator | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | The Journal of Creative Behavior | Abbreviated Journal | J. Creativ. Behav. |
Volume | 36 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 254-268 |
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Abstract | This study explored the relationship between two creative styles (adaptor and innovator) and the Big Five personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, conscientiousness, neuroticism, and openness to experience). 164 teachers from 3 secondary and 2 primary schools in Singapore completed a self?report questionnaire, which consisted of the Kirton Adaption?Innovation Inventory and the NEO?Five Factor Inventory. It was found that adaptors were significantly more conscientious than innovators, while innovators were significantly more extraverted and open to experience than adaptors. No significant differences were found between adaptors and innovators in neuroticism and agreeableness. The study also revealed a meaningful pattern of relationships between the Big Five personality traits and the three facet scales of the KAI. Specifically, Sufficiency of Originality was negatively correlated with Openness to Experience and Extraversion; Rule Governance was positively correlated with conscientiousness but negatively correlated with openness to experience; Efficiency was positively correlated with conscientiousness. The overall findings supported the fundamental contention that different creative styles were due to different combinations of personality traits, with adaptors being more conscientious, while innovators being more extraverted and open to experience. These personality?based differences in creative styles between adaptors and innovators had resulted in much social conflict between them. One way of resolving it is to make known the nature and value of different creative styles to these two different types of creators. | ||||
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Publisher | Wiley-Blackwell | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 0022-0175 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | doi: 10.1002/j.2162-6057.2002.tb01068.x | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6384 | ||
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Author | Piro, M.; Benjouad, A.; Karom, A.; Nabich, A.; Benbihi, N.; El Allali, K.; Machmoum, M.; Ouragh, L. | ||||
Title | Genetic Structure of Severe Combined Immunodeficiency Carrier Horses in Morocco Inferred by Microsatellite Data | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2011 | Publication | Journal of Equine Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Equine Vet. Sci. |
Volume | 31 | Issue | 11 | Pages | 618-624 |
Keywords | Scid; Arab horses; Arab-Barb horses; Microsatellite; Dna; Genetic structure | ||||
Abstract | A total of 17 microsatellite deoxyribonucleic acid loci used routinely for horse parentage control were used to evaluate genetic diversity among normal Arabian horses and severe combined immunodeficiency (SCID) carrier Arabian horses (ArS) and normal Arab-Barb horses and SCID carrier Arab-Barb horses (ArbeS). On the basis of the genotype of 186 horses, mean allelic diversity was estimated as 6.82, 5.53, and 6.7059 in normal Arabian horses, ArS, and for both groups of Arab-Barb horses, respectively. Five specific alleles were observed in ArS and ArbeS, with one common with ArS at HMS6, whereas five alleles common between ArS and ArbeS had a high frequency. Expected and observed heterozygosity showed great heterogeneity in the population studied and were similar or higher when compared with other studies on Arabian horses. Coefficient of gene differentiation Gst of Nei associated with Nei's genetic distance and multivariate correspondence analysis indicated a possible differentiation between the studied populations when analyzed separately according to breed. Probability of assignment of a horse to a specific group was assessed using a full and partial Bayesian approach. In all, 80.6% of Arab horses and 78.2% of Arab-Barb horses were assigned properly with a partial Bayesian test, which provided better results than the full one. These findings will be useful for identification of SCID carrier horses by using the microsatellite deoxyribonucleic acid loci used routinely for horse parentage control in our laboratory. | ||||
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Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
ISSN | 0737-0806 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6657 | ||
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Author | Suagee-Bedore, J.K.; Linden, D.R.; Bennett-Wimbush, K. | ||||
Title | Effect of Pen Size on Stress Responses of Stall-Housed Horses Receiving One Hour of Daily Turnout | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2021 | Publication | Journal of Equine Veterinary Science | Abbreviated Journal | J. Equine Vet. Sci. |
Volume | 98 | Issue | Pages | 103366 | |
Keywords | Agonistic behaviors; Cortisol; Group turnout; Paddock sizes | ||||
Abstract | Group turnout provides important socializing opportunities for horses, particularly those that are primarily stalled. A high percentage of equine injuries occur during group turnout, which could partly be due to the physical constraints of fencing. To investigate appropriate paddock sizes for group turnouts, horses (n = 12) from a single herd were divided into groups of 4, stalled for 24 hours, and then turned out for 1 hour into one of three differently sized pens: 342, 263, and 184 m2 per horse. Groups rotated through pens across 3 days, receiving one treatment per day. Blood was sampled for cortisol concentrations at 08:00 hours each morning, and then at 15 and 60 minutes into the turn out sessions, and 60 minutes after return to individual stalls. Groups rotated through three turnout times: 09:00, 12:00, 14:00 hours. Counts of agonistic behaviors (chasing, contact biting, and kicking) and low-level threats (pinned ears, tail swishing, bite and kick threats) were recorded. When turned out in pens that provided 342 m2 per horse, horses exhibited reduced plasma cortisol concentrations by 15 minutes after turnout and at 1 hour after return to their stalls (P < .05). Horses in pens providing 184 m2 per horse exhibited greater agonistic (P < .001) and low-level threat (P < .01) behaviors than horses in larger pens. These data provide insight into appropriate pen sizes for horses from established herds. Providing at least 342 m2 per horse may reduce the chance of injury in horses accustomed to group turnout. | ||||
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ISSN | 0737-0806 | ISBN | Medium | ||
Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6694 | ||
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Author | Guidi, A.; Lanata, A.; Valenza, G.; Scilingo, E.P.; Baragli, P. | ||||
Title | Validation of smart textile electrodes for electrocardiogram monitoring in free-moving horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 2017 | Publication | Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research | Abbreviated Journal | J. Vet. Behav. |
Volume | 17 | Issue | Pages | 19-23 | |
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Abstract | This article focuses on the validation of smart textile electrodes used to acquire electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in horses in a comfortable and robust manner. The performance of smart textile electrodes is compared with standard Ag/AgCl electrodes in terms of the percentage of motion artifacts (MAs, the noise that results from the movement of electrodes against the skin) and signal quality. Seven healthy Standardbred mares were equipped with 2 identical electronic systems for the simultaneous collection of ECGs. One system was equipped with smart textile electrodes, whereas the second was equipped with standard Ag/AgCl electrodes. Each horse was then monitored individually in a stall for 1 hour, without any movement constraints. The ECGs were visually examined by an expert who blindly labeled the ECG segments that had been corrupted by MAs. Finally, the percentage of MAs (MA%) was computed as the number of samples of the corrupted segments over the whole length of the signal. The total MA% was found to be lower for the smart textiles than for the Ag/AgCl electrodes. Consistent results were also obtained by investigating MAs over time. These results suggest that smart textile electrodes are more reliable when recording artifact-free ECGs in horses at rest. Thus, improving the acquisition of important physiological information related to the activity of the autonomic nervous system, such as heart rate variability, could help to provide reliable information on the mood and state of arousal of horses. | ||||
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Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 1558-7878 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | doi: 10.1016/j.jveb.2016.10.001 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6213 | ||
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