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Author |
Tomasello, M.; Davis-Dasilva, M.; Camak, L.; Bard, K. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Observational learning of tool-use by young chimpanzees |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
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Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Human Evolution |
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2 |
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2 |
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175-183 |
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Chimpanzees; Observational Learning; Tool-Use |
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In the current study two groups of young chimpanzees (4–6 and 8–9 years old) were given a T-bar and a food item that could only be reached by using the T-bar. Experimental subjects were given the opportunity to observe an adult using the stick as a tool to obtain the food; control subjects were exposed to the adult but were given no demonstration. Subjects in the older group did not learn to use the tool. Subjects in the younger group who were exposed to the demonstrator learned to use the stick as a tool much more readily than those who were not. None of the subjects demonstrated an ability to imitatively copy the demonstrator's precise behavioral strategies. More than simple stimulus enhancement was involved, however, since both groups manipulated the T-bar, but only experimental subjects used it in its function as a tool. Our findings complement naturalistic observations in suggesting that chimpanzee tool-use is in some sense «culturally transmitted» — though perhaps not in the same sense as social-conventional behaviors for which precise copying of conspecifics is crucial. |
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Kluwer Academic Publishers |
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0393-9375 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5915 |
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Author |
Glen-Leary J, |
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Title |
Stud book for zebras |
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1987 |
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Farmer's weekly |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1115 |
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Author |
Berger, J.; Cunningham, C. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Influence of Familiarity on Frequency of Inbreeding in Wild Horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
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Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Evolution |
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41 |
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229-231 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2232 |
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Author |
Rutberg, A.T. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Horse Fly Harassment and the Social Behavior of Feral Ponies |
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Journal Article |
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1987 |
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Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Ethology |
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75 |
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2 |
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145-154 |
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Abstract Horse flies (Tabanidae) on and around feral ponies in harem groups were counted at Assateague Island National Seashore, Maryland, U.S.A., between June and August 1985. Harem stallions attracted the most flies; adult mares showed intermediate fly numbers, while few flies landed on foals under any circumstances. The use of thermal and chemical cues by flies selecting a host may have helped create this disparity. When flies were abundant, ponies reduced spacing within the group. Ponies in larger groups suffered from fewer flies than ponies in smaller groups. There was, however, no evidence that ponies merged into larger groups in response to fly harassment, suggesting that biting flies play little role in structuring pony social organization. |
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Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111) |
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0179-1613 |
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doi: 10.1111/j.1439-0310.1987.tb00648.x |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6417 |
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Author |
Drevemo, S.; Fredricson, I.; Hjertén, G.; McMIKEN, D. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Early development of gait asymmetries in trotting Standardbred colts |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Equine. Vet. J. |
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19 |
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3 |
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189-191 |
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Summary Ten trotting Standardbred colts were recorded by high-speed cinematography at the ages of eight, 12 and 18 months. The horses were trotting on a treadmill operating at 4.0 m/secs. Five horses were subjected to a programme of intensified training from eight months of age, whereas the others were not trained and acted as controls. The films were analysed on a semi-automatic film-reading equipment and a number of variables used to demonstrate the gait symmetry were calculated and scaled by computer. Certain differences between left and right diagonal and contralateral pair of limbs, respectively, were noted, suggesting that laterality in horses may be inherited. The most pronounced systematic differences were found in 18-month old horses in the trained group. The results show the importance of careful gait examination and comprehensive coordination training at an early age. |
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American Medical Association (AMA) |
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0425-1644 |
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https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1987.tb01373.x |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6702 |
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Author |
Lane, J.G.; Mair, T.S. |
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Title |
Observations on headshaking in the horse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Equine Vet J |
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19 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
331-336 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Female; *Head; *Horses; Male; *Movement |
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The clinical records of 100 cases of headshaking in horses were reviewed. Possible causes of the abnormal behaviour were identified in 11 animals; these included ear mite infestation, otitis interna, cranial nerve dysfunction, cervical injury, ocular disease, guttural pouch mycosis, dental periapical osteitis and suspected vasomotor rhinitis. However, in only two of these could it be shown that correction of the abnormality led to elimination of the headshaking. The additional clinical signs exhibited by the other idiopathic cases of headshaking included evidence of nasal irritation, sneezing and snorting, nasal discharge, coughing and excessive lacrimation. Many of these horses also showed a marked seasonal pattern with respect to the onset of the disease and the recurrence of signs in subsequent years. The clinical presentation of idiopathic headshakers and the seasonal incidence of the signs closely resemble allergic rhinitis in man. |
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0425-1644 |
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PMID:3622462 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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1953 |
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Author |
GODFREY D et al, |
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Title |
Zebra stripes and tiger stripes: the special frequency distribution of the pattern compared to that of the background is significant in disply and crysis |
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Journal Article |
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1987 |
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Biol J Linnean Soc |
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32 |
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427-433 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1116 |
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Author |
Güntürkün, O.; Kesch, S. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Visual lateralization during feeding in pigeons |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Behavioral Neuroscience |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Behav. Neurosci. |
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101 |
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3 |
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433-435 |
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use of right vs left eye, amount & accuracy of pecking in food discrimination task, homing pigeons, implications for lateralization of cerebral function |
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In a quasi-natural feeding situation, adult pigeons had to detect and consume 30 food grains out of about 1,000 pebbles of similar shape, size, and color within 30 s under monocular conditions. With the right eye seeing, the animals achieved a significantly higher discrimination accuracy and, consequently, a significantly higher proportion of grains grasped than with the left eye seeing. This result supports previous demonstrations of a left-hemisphere dominance for visually guided behavior in birds. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) |
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US: American Psychological Association |
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1939-0084(Electronic);0735-7044(Print) |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1987-30501-001 |
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5588 |
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Author |
Sherwin, C.M.; Johnson, K.G. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
The influence of social factors on the use of shade by sheep |
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Journal Article |
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1987 |
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Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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18 |
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2 |
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143-155 |
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Individual differences in shading behaviour within a flock of sheep could be due to differences in thermoregulatory capabilities or to the influence of social factors. The possible influence of social factors on shade-use is examined in this paper. Two measures of dominance were made on 39 Merino wethers. These were based on the hierarchy determined by butting during feeding and on priority of access to limited feed. Leadership was also assessed while driving the sheep to a woolshed and as the sheep entered weighing scales. These behavioural traits were compared with leadership to shade and shade-use observed on 9 days during summer in a small pastureless enclosure containing natural shade. Maximum ambient temperature on these 9 days varied between 29.0 and 39.5[degree sign]C. All behavioural traits examined were significantly repeatable. The two dominance ranks were negatively correlated (P<0.05). The butting hierarchy was correlated with shading behaviour; those sheep that butted the larger proportion of the flock were seen to shade for longer periods of time (P=0.05). This relationship became more significant as environmental temperature increased. Significant (P<0.05) differences in the amount of time each sheep spent shading were evident throughout the flock, but in particular seven individuals shaded much less than others. Shade-use increased in hot weather and was slightly more strongly correlated with radiation load than with air temperature. The non-shading leadership ranks were related neither to each other nor to the leadership to shade. However, the sheep that moved to shade first remained there longest (P<0.05). Reduced motivation to feed did not appear to explain early movement to shade. Few overtly aggressive or other interactions between animals were seen to be associated with movements to or within shade. Nonetheless, the results indicate that social forces do exert some influence on shade-use. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ room B 3.029 |
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2037 |
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Author |
Crowell-Davis, S.L.; Houpt, K.A.; Kane, L. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Title |
Play development in Welsh pony (Equus caballus) foals |
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Journal Article |
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1987 |
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Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, descending order (down)](img/sort_desc.gif) |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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18 |
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2 |
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119-131 |
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The structure of the play of colts and fillies living on pasture was studied from birth (n = 15) for up to 24 weeks. Foal play was categorized as running and bucking alone, running and bucking in a group, interactive (contact or combat) play, play with an object, and play at an adult. The rate of play decreased with increasing age and ambient temperature. Fillies and colts played with equal frequency, but engaged in some different types of play at different rates. There was no difference between colts and fillies in the proportion of play bouts of running and bucking in a group or playing with an object. Fillies engaged in running and bucking alone more than colts. Colts engaged in interactive play and play at an adult more than fillies. While there was no significant difference between colts and fillies in the duration of either type of running and bucking play, the interactive play bouts of colts were significantly longer than those of fillies. Both mares and stallions were tolerant of foal play which involved use of their body as a play object, including mounting play. Both fillies and colts engaged in mounting play. Foals used various natural objects found in the pasture for repeated bouts of play with inanimate objects, a behaviour which may explain, from a developmental perspective, the occasional use of “tools” in adult equids. The sex differences in type of play were consistent with the social structure of unmanaged adults in which males must compete with each other in order to associate with females. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2274 |
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