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Author Bermudez, J.L. openurl 
  Title The moral significance of birth Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Ethics Abbreviated Journal (up) Ethics  
  Volume 106 Issue 2 Pages 378-403  
  Keywords Abortion, Induced; Animal Rights; Animals; Beginning of Human Life; Embryonic and Fetal Development; *Ethical Analysis; *Ethics; *Fetus; Homicide; Humans; *Individuality; *Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infanticide; *Labor, Obstetric; Life; *Personhood; Philosophy; Primates; Psychology; *Self Concept; *Value of Life; Analytical Approach; Genetics and Reproduction; Philosophical Approach  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0014-1704 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:11656645; KIE: 31 fn.; KIE: KIE BoB Subject Heading: fetuses; KIE: KIE BoB Subject Heading: personhood Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4177  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Dunbar, Robin I. M. doi  openurl
  Title The social brain hypothesis Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews Abbreviated Journal (up) Evol. Anthropol.  
  Volume 6 Issue 5 Pages 178-190  
  Keywords brain size – neocortex – social brain hypothesis – social skills – mind reading – primates  
  Abstract Conventional wisdom over the past 160 years in the cognitive and neurosciences has assumed that brains evolved to process factual information about the world. Most attention has therefore been focused on such features as pattern recognition, color vision, and speech perception. By extension, it was assumed that brains evolved to deal with essentially ecological problem-solving tasks. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.  
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  Notes Robin Dunbar is Professor of Evolutionary Psychology and Behavioural Ecology at the University of Liverpool, England. His research primarily focuses on the behavioral ecology of ungulates and human and nonhuman primates, and on the cognitive mechanisms and brain components that underpin the decisions that animals make. He runs a large research group, with graduate students working on many different species on four continents. Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4371  
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Author Russon, A.E.; Galdikas, B.M.F. doi  openurl
  Title Constraints on great apes' imitation: Model and action selectivity in rehabilitant orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) imitation Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Journal of Comparative Psychology Abbreviated Journal (up) J. Comp. Psychol.  
  Volume 109 Issue 1 Pages 5-17  
  Keywords *Imitation (Learning); Primates (Nonhuman)  
  Abstract We discuss selectivity in great ape imitation, on the basis of an observational study of spontaneous imitation in free-ranging rehabilitant orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Research on great ape imitation has neglected selectivity, although comparative evidence suggests it may be important. We observed orangutans in central Indonesian Borneo and assessed patterns in the models and actions they spontaneously imitated. The patterns we found resembled those reported in humans. Orangutans preferred models with whom they had positive affective relationships (e.g., important caregiver or older sibling) and actions that reflected their current competence, were receptively familiar, and were relevant to tasks that faced them. Both developmental and individual variability were found. We discuss the probable functions of imitation for great apes and the role of selectivity in directing it. We also make suggestions for more effective elicitation of imitation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)  
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  Publisher American Psychological Association Place of Publication Us Editor  
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  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1939-2087(Electronic);0735-7036(Print) ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1995-20268-001 Serial 5690  
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Author Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. openurl 
  Title Cognitive strategies and the representation of social relations by monkeys Type Journal Article
  Year 2001 Publication Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation Abbreviated Journal (up) Nebr Symp Motiv  
  Volume 47 Issue Pages 145-177  
  Keywords Adaptation, Biological; Animals; *Evolution; Family; Female; Haplorhini; Male; Memory; Primates; *Selection (Genetics); *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; *Social Perception  
  Abstract  
  Address University of Pennsylvania, USA  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0146-7875 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:11759347 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 345  
Permanent link to this record
 
 
Author Whiten, A. openurl 
  Title Social complexity and social intelligence Type Conference Article
  Year 2000 Publication Novartis Foundation Symposium Abbreviated Journal (up) Novartis Found Symp  
  Volume 233 Issue Pages 185-96; discussion 196-201  
  Keywords Animals; Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Humans; *Intelligence/physiology; Learning; Models, Psychological; Primates; *Social Behavior; Social Problems  
  Abstract When we talk of the 'nature of intelligence', or any other attribute, we may be referring to its essential structure, or to its place in nature, particularly the function it has evolved to serve. Here I examine both, from the perspective of the evolution of intelligence in primates. Over the last 20 years, the Social (or 'Machiavellian') Intelligence Hypothesis has gained empirical support. Its core claim is that the intelligence of primates is primarily an adaptation to the special complexities of primate social life. In addition to this hypothesis about the function of intellect, a secondary claim is that the very structure of intelligence has been moulded to be 'social' in character, an idea that presents a challenge to orthodox views of intelligence as a general-purpose capacity. I shall outline the principal components of social intelligence and the environment of social complexity it engages with. This raises the question of whether domain specificity is an appropriate characterization of social intelligence and its subcomponents, like theory of mind. As a counter-argument to such specificity I consider the hypothesis that great apes exhibit a cluster of advanced cognitive abilities that rest on a shared capacity for second-order mental representation.  
  Address School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JU, UK  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1528-2511 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:11276903 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2084  
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Author Sawaguchi, T.; Kudo, H. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Neocortical development and social structure in primates Type Journal Article
  Year 1990 Publication Primates Abbreviated Journal (up) Primates  
  Volume 31 Issue 2 Pages 283-289  
  Keywords Neocortex – Relative size – Allometry – Congeneric group – Social structure – Monogyny – Polygyny – Primates  
  Abstract Abstract  The relationships between the relative size of the neocortex and differences in social structures were examined in prosimians and anthropoids. The relative size of the neocortex (RSN) of a given congeneric group in each superfamily of primates was measured based on the allometric relationships between neocortical volume and brain weight for each superfamily, to control phylogenetic affinity and the effects of brain size. In prosimians, “troop-making†congeneric groups (N=3) revealed a significantly larger RSN than solitary groups (N=6), and there was a significant, positive correlation between RSN and troop size. In the case of anthropoids, polygynous/frugivorous groups (N=5) revealed a significantly larger RSN than monogynous/frugivorous groups (N=8). Furthermore, a significant, positive correlation between RSN and troop size was found for frugivorous congeneric groups of the Ceboidea. These results suggest that neocortical development is associated with differences in social structure among primates.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4799  
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Author Barrett, L.; Henzi, P. doi  openurl
  Title The social nature of primate cognition Type Journal Article
  Year 2005 Publication Proceedings. Biological Sciences / The Royal Society Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc Biol Sci  
  Volume 272 Issue 1575 Pages 1865-1875  
  Keywords Animals; Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Cognition/*physiology; *Evolution; Intelligence/*physiology; Primates/*physiology; *Social Behavior  
  Abstract The hypothesis that the enlarged brain size of the primates was selected for by social, rather than purely ecological, factors has been strongly influential in studies of primate cognition and behaviour over the past two decades. However, the Machiavellian intelligence hypothesis, also known as the social brain hypothesis, tends to emphasize certain traits and behaviours, like exploitation and deception, at the expense of others, such as tolerance and behavioural coordination, and therefore presents only one view of how social life may shape cognition. This review outlines work from other relevant disciplines, including evolutionary economics, cognitive science and neurophysiology, to illustrate how these can be used to build a more general theoretical framework, incorporating notions of embodied and distributed cognition, in which to situate questions concerning the evolution of primate social cognition.  
  Address School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Crown Street, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK. louiseb@liv.ac.uk  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0962-8452 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:16191591 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2086  
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Author Joffe, T.H.; Dunbar, R.I. doi  openurl
  Title Visual and socio-cognitive information processing in primate brain evolution Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Proceedings. Biological Sciences / The Royal Society Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc Biol Sci  
  Volume 264 Issue 1386 Pages 1303-1307  
  Keywords Animals; Brain/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Cognition/physiology; *Evolution; Geniculate Bodies/anatomy & histology/physiology; Humans; Mental Processes/physiology; Neocortex/physiology; Primates/anatomy & histology/*physiology/*psychology; *Social Behavior; Visual Cortex/anatomy & histology/physiology  
  Abstract Social group size has been shown to correlate with neocortex size in primates. Here we use comparative analyses to show that social group size is independently correlated with the size of non-V1 neocortical areas, but not with other more proximate components of the visual system or with brain systems associated with emotional cueing (e.g. the amygdala). We argue that visual brain components serve as a social information 'input device' for socio-visual stimuli such as facial expressions, bodily gestures and visual status markers, while the non-visual neocortex serves as a 'processing device' whereby these social cues are encoded, interpreted and associated with stored information. However, the second appears to have greater overall importance because the size of the V1 visual area appears to reach an asymptotic size beyond which visual acuity and pattern recognition may not improve significantly. This is especially true of the great ape clade (including humans), that is known to use more sophisticated social cognitive strategies.  
  Address School of Life Sciences, University of Liverpool, UK  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  ISSN 0962-8452 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes PMID:9332015 Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2095  
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Author Boyd, R.; Richerson, P.J. url  openurl
  Title Why Culture is Common, but Cultural Evolution is Rare Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Proceedings of the British Academy Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc Br Acad  
  Volume 88 Issue Pages 73-93  
  Keywords cultural distributed evolution primates  
  Abstract If culture is defined as variation acquired and maintained by social learning, then culture is common in nature. However, cumulative cultural evolution resulting in behaviors that no individual could invent on their own is limited to humans, song birds, and perhaps chimpanzees. Circumstantial evidence suggests that cumulative cultural evolution requires the capacity for observational learning. Here, we analyze two models the evolution of psychological capacities that allow cumulative cultural evolution. Both models suggest that the conditions which allow the evolution of such capacities when rare are much more stringent than the conditions which allow the maintenance of the capacities when common. This result follows from the fact that the assumed benefit of the capacities, cumulative cultural adaptation, cannot occur when the capacities are rare. These results suggest why such capacities may be rare in nature.  
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  Publisher Royal Society/British Academy Place of Publication Editor  
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  Notes http://www.proc.britac.ac.uk/cgi-bin/somsid.cgi?page=summaries/pba88#boyd Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4195  
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Author Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L. doi  openurl
  Title What are big brains for? Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America Abbreviated Journal (up) Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.  
  Volume 99 Issue 7 Pages 4141-4142  
  Keywords Animals; Brain/*anatomy & histology; *Intelligence; Learning; Primates/*anatomy & histology/*psychology; Social Behavior  
  Abstract  
  Address Department of Psychology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. seyfarth@psych.upenn.edu  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0027-8424 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:11929989 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 692  
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