| Records |
| Author |
Von PEINEN, K.; Wiestner, T.; Von RECHENBERG, B.; Weishaupt, M.A. |
| Title |
Relationship between saddle pressure measurements and clinical signs of saddle soreness at the withers |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal  |
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| Volume |
42 |
Issue |
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Pages |
650-653 |
| Keywords |
horse; saddle sore; saddle pressure measurement; dry spots |
| Abstract |
Reasons for performing the study: Similar to human decubitus ulcers, local high pressure points from ill-fitting saddles induce perfusion disturbances of different degrees resulting in tissue hypoxia and alteration in sweat production. Objective: To relate the different clinical manifestations of saddle sores to the magnitude of saddle pressures at the location of the withers. Methods: Sixteen horses with dry spots after exercise (Group A) and 7 cases presented with acute clinical signs of saddle pressure in the withers area (Group B) were compared with a control group of 16 sound horses with well fitting saddles (Group C). All horses underwent a saddle pressure measurement at walk, trot and canter. Mean and maximal pressures in the area of interest were compared between groups within each gait. Results: Mean pressures differed significantly between groups in all 3 gaits. Maximal pressure differed between groups at trot; at walk and canter, however, the only significant difference was between Group C and Groups A and B, respectively, (P>0.05). Mean and maximal pressures at walk in Group A were 15.3 and 30.6 kPa, in Group B 24.0 and 38.9 kPa and in Group C 7.8 and 13.4 kPa, respectively; at trot in Group A 18.1 and 43.4 kPa, in Group B 29.7 and 53.3 kPa and in Group C 9.8 and 21.0 kPa, respectively; and at canter in Group A 21.4 and 48.9 kPa, in Group B 28.6 and 56.0 kPa and in Group C 10.9 and 24.7 kPa, respectively. Conclusion: The study shows that there is a distinguishable difference between the 3 groups regarding the mean pressure value, in all gaits. |
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Blackwell Publishing Ltd |
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2042-3306 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5820 |
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| Author |
Bang, A.; Deshpande, S.; Sumana, A.; Gadagkar, R. |
| Title |
Choosing an appropriate index to construct dominance hierarchies in animal societies: a comparison of three indices |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
79 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
631-636 |
| Keywords |
dominance behaviour; dominance hierarchy; dominance index; dominance rank; Ropalidia cyathiformis; Ropalidia marginata; social wasp |
| Abstract |
A plethora of indices have been proposed and used to construct dominance hierarchies in a variety of vertebrate and invertebrate societies, although the rationale for choosing a particular index for a particular species is seldom explained. In this study, we analysed and compared three such indices, viz Clutton-Brock et al.'s index (CBI), originally developed for red deer, Cervus elaphus, David's score (DS) originally proposed by the statistician H. A. David and the frequency-based index of dominance (FDI) developed and routinely used by our group for the primitively eusocial wasps Ropalidia marginata and Ropalidia cyathiformis. Dominance ranks attributed by all three indices were strongly and positively correlated for both natural data sets from the wasp colonies and for artificial data sets generated for the purpose. However, the indices differed in their ability to yield unique (untied) ranks in the natural data sets. This appears to be caused by the presence of noninteracting individuals and reversals in the direction of dominance in some of the pairs in the natural data sets. This was confirmed by creating additional artificial data sets with noninteracting individuals and with reversals. Based on the criterion of yielding the largest proportion of unique ranks, we found that FDI is best suited for societies such as the wasps belonging to Ropalidia, DS is best suited for societies with reversals and CBI remains a suitable index for societies such as red deer in which multiple interactions are uncommon. |
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0003-3472 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5837 |
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| Author |
Bentley-Condit, V.; Smith, E.O. |
| Title |
Animal tool use: current definitions and an updated comprehensive catalog |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
147 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
185-32 |
| Keywords |
TOOL USE; CATALOG; ANIMAL |
| Abstract |
Despite numerous attempts to define animal tool use over the past four decades, the definition remains elusive and the behaviour classification somewhat subjective. Here, we provide a brief review of the definitions of animal tool use and show how those definitions have been modified over time. While some aspects have remained constant (i.e., the distinction between 'true' and 'borderline' tool use), others have been added (i.e., the distinction between 'dynamic' and 'static' behaviours). We present an updated, comprehensive catalog of documented animal tool use that indicates whether the behaviours observed included any 'true' tool use, whether the observations were limited to captive animals, whether tool manufacture has been observed, and whether the observed tool use was limited to only one individual and, thus, 'anecdotal' (i.e., N = 1). Such a catalog has not been attempted since Beck (1980). In addition to being a useful reference for behaviourists, this catalog demonstrates broad tool use and manufacture trends that may be of interest to phylogenists, evolutionary ecologists, and cognitive evolutionists. Tool use and tool manufacture are shown to be widespread across three phyla and seven classes of the animal kingdom. Moreover, there is complete overlap between the Aves and Mammalia orders in terms of the tool use categories (e.g., food extraction, food capture, agonism) arguing against any special abilities of mammals. The majority of tool users, almost 85% of the entries, use tools in only one of the tool use categories. Only members of the Passeriformes and Primates orders have been observed to use tools in four or more of the ten categories. Thus, observed tool use by some members of these two orders (e.g., Corvus, Papio) is qualitatively different from that of all other animal taxa. Finally, although there are similarities between Aves and Mammalia, and Primates and Passeriformes, primate tool use is qualitatively different. Approximately 35% of the entries for this order demonstrate a breadth of tool use (i.e., three or more categories by any one species) compared to other mammals (0%), Aves (2.4%), and the Passeriformes (3.1%). This greater breadth in tool use by some organisms may involve phylogenetic or cognitive differences � or may simply reflect differences in length and intensity of observations. The impact that tool usage may have had on groups' respective ecological niches and, through niche-construction, on their respective evolutionary trajectories remains a subject for future study. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ :/content/journals/10.1163/000579509x12512865686555 |
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5859 |
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| Author |
Krueger, K. |
| Title |
Das Pferd im Blickpunkt der Wissenschaft |
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Book Whole |
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2010 |
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Xenophon Verlag |
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Wald |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6009 |
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Reyna-Garfias, H.; Miliar, A.; Jarillo-Luna, A.; Rivera-Aguilar, V.; Pacheco-Yepez, J.; Baeza, I.; Campos-Rodríguez, R. |
| Title |
Repeated restraint stress increases IgA concentration in rat small intestine |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Brain, Behavior, and Immunity |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
24 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
110-118 |
| Keywords |
Restraint-stress; IgA; Small intestine; Polymeric Ig receptor; Catecholamines; Glucocorticoids |
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The most abundant intestinal immunoglobulin and first line of specific immunological defense against environmental antigens is secretory immunoglobulin A. To better understand the effect of repeated stress on the secretion of intestinal IgA, the effects of restraint stress on IgA concentration and mRNA expression of the gene for the alpha-chain of IgA was assessed in both the duodenum and ileum of the rats. Restraint stress induced an increase in intestinal IgA, which was blocked by an adrenalectomy, suggesting a role of catecholamines and glucocorticoids. Whereas the blocking of glucocorticoid receptors by RU-486 did not affect the increased IgA concentration, it did reduce IgA alpha-chain mRNA expression in both segments, indicating a possible mediation on the part of glucocorticoids in IgA secretion by individual cells. Treatment with corticosterone significantly increased both the IgA concentration and IgA alpha-chain mRNA expression in ileum but not in duodenum, suggesting that glucocorticoids may act directly on IgA-antibody forming cells to increase IgA secretion in the former segment. A probable role by catecholamines was evidenced by the reduction in IgA concentration and IgA alpha-chain mRNA expression in both segments after a chemical sympathectomy with 6-hydroxydopamine (6-OHDA). Additionally, norepinephrine significantly reduced IgA alpha-chain mRNA levels but increased pIgR mRNA expression and IgA concentration in both intestinal segments. We propose that the increased intestinal IgA levels caused by repeated restraint stress is likely due to the effects of catecholamines on the transport of plgA across the epithelium. |
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0889-1591 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6002 |
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Krueger, K.; Krueger, K. |
| Title |
Trainingslehre für Dressurpferde [Training the Dressage Horse] |
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2010 |
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Xenophon Verlag |
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Wald |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6007 |
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Oliveira-Santos, L.G.R.; Machado-Filho, L.C.P.; Tortato, M.A.; Brusius, L. |
| Title |
Influence of extrinsic variables on activity and habitat selection of lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) in the coastal sand plain shrub, southern Brazil |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2010 |
Publication |
Mammalian Biology – Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde |
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75 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
219-226 |
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Behaviour; Circadian rhythmic; Moonlight; Rainfall; Temperature |
| Abstract |
The objectives of this research were to: 1. evaluate the circadian activity patterns of lowland tapirs (Tapirus terrestris) throughout the seasons and 2. study the influence of moonlight, temperature and rainfall on the activity patterns and habitat selection of this species, in the coastal sand shrub in southern Brazil. From June 2005 to June 2006, eight tapirs were monitored in a large enclosure containing open and vegetation-covered areas, using four camera traps. Differences in activity patterns within seasons were found. Tapir predominately presented nocturnal-crepuscular activity; however, they differed in the winter, with cathemeral activity patterns. Covered areas were mostly used during periods of extreme temperatures, with less diurnal and more nocturnal activities within these areas, on hotter days. Activity in open areas mainly occurred during periods of intermediate temperatures, both during the day and in the night. Moonlight intensity did not influence nocturnal activities. On days of precipitation of 34 mm or more, there was no record of open-area activities, despite constant activity in covered-area. |
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1616-5047 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6140 |
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Kaczensky, P.; Huber, K. |
| Title |
The Use of High Frequency GPS Data to Classify Main Behavioural Categories in a Przewalski’s Horse in the Mongolian Gobi |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska – Lincoln |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6200 |
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Hare, B.; Rosati, A.; Kaminski, J.; Bräuer, J.; Call, J.; Tomasello, M. |
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The domestication hypothesis for dogs' skills with human communication: a response to Udell et al. (2008) and Wynne et al. (2008) |
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2010 |
Publication |
Anim Behav |
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79 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Hare2010 |
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6241 |
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Goetsch, A.L.; Gipson, T.A.; Askar, A.R.; Puchala, R. |
| Title |
Feeding behavior of goats |
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Journal Article |
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2010 |
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J Anim Sci |
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88 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Goetsch2010 |
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6254 |
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