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Lim, M.M.; Young, L.J. |
![goto web page (via DOI) doi](img/doi.gif)
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Neuropeptidergic regulation of affiliative behavior and social bonding in animals |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Hormones and Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Hormon. Behav. |
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50 |
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4 |
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506-517 |
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Vasopressin receptor; Oxytocin receptor; Social recognition; Social behavior; Pair bond; Autism; Neuropeptides |
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Social relationships are essential for maintaining human mental health, yet little is known about the brain mechanisms involved in the development and maintenance of social bonds. Animal models are powerful tools for investigating the neurobiological mechanisms regulating the cognitive processes leading to the development of social relationships and for potentially extending our understanding of the human condition. In this review, we discuss the roles of the neuropeptides oxytocin and vasopressin in the regulation of social bonding as well as related social behaviors which culminate in the formation of social relationships in animal models. The formation of social bonds is a hierarchical process involving social motivation and approach, the processing of social stimuli and formation of social memories, and the social attachment itself. Oxytocin and vasopressin have been implicated in each of these processes. Specifically, these peptides facilitate social affiliation and parental nurturing behavior, are essential for social recognition in rodents, and are involved in the formation of selective mother-infant bonds in sheep and pair bonds in monogamous voles. The convergence of evidence from these animal studies makes oxytocin and vasopressin attractive candidates for the neural modulation of human social relationships as well as potential therapeutic targets for the treatment of psychiatric disorders associated with disruptions in social behavior, including autism. |
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0018-506x |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6416 |
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Kuczaj, S. A; Makecha, R.; Trone, M.; Paulos, R. D; Ramos, J. A. |
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Role of Peers in Cultural Innovation and Cultural Transmission: Evidence from the Play of Dolphin Calves |
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2006 |
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International Journal of Comparative Psychology |
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Int. J. Comp. Psychol |
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19 |
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2 |
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223-240 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6526 |
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Knopff, K.; Pavelka, M. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Feeding Competition and Group Size in Alouatta pigra |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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International Journal of Primatology |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
Int. J. Primatol. |
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27 |
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4 |
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1059-1078 |
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Alouatta pigra – ecological constraints – group size – infanticide – social constraints |
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Researchers consider group size in primates to be determined by complex relationships among numerous ecological forces. Antipredator benefits and better resource defense are the primary pressures for large groups. Conversely, intragroup limited food availability, can result in greater intragroup feeding competition and individual energy expenditure in larger groups, creating energetic advantages for individuals in small groups and placing an upper limit group size. However, the extent to which food availability constrains group size remains unclear for many species, including black howlers (Alouatta pigra), which ubiquitously live in small social groups (≤10 individuals). We studied the relationship between group size and 2 key indices of feeding competition-day journey length and activity budgets in 3 groups of wild Alouatta pigra at a hurricane-damaged site in Belize, Central America. We controlled for differences in food availability between home ranges (food tree density) and compared both indicators of feeding competition directly with temporal variation in food availability for each group. Our results show no consistent association between resource availability, group size, and either index of competition, indicating that feeding competition does not limit group size at the site i.e., that larger groups can form without increased costs of feeding competition. The results support the search for other explanations, possibly social ones, for small group size in the primates, and we conclude with suggestions and evidence for such alternative explanations. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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808 |
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Ulloa, A.; Gonzalez-Ceron, L.; Rodriguez, M.H. |
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Host selection and gonotrophic cycle length of Anopheles punctimacula in southern Mexico |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Journal of the American Mosquito Control Association |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
J Am Mosq Control Assoc |
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22 |
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4 |
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648-653 |
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Animals; Anopheles/*physiology; Appetitive Behavior/*physiology; Cattle; Female; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors/*physiology; Malaria/transmission; Mexico; Oviparity/*physiology; Seasons; Time Factors; Vitellogenesis/physiology |
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The host preference, survival rates, and length of the gonotrophic cycle of Anopheles punctimacula was investigated in southern Mexico. Mosquitoes were collected in 15-day separate experiments during the rainy and dry seasons. Daily changes in the parous-nulliparous ratio were recorded and the gonotrophic cycle length was estimated by a time series analysis. Anopheles punctimacula was most abundant during the dry season and preferred animals to humans. The daily survival rate in mosquitoes collected in animal traps was 0.96 (parity rate = 0.86; gonotrophic cycle = 4 days). The length of gonotrophic cycle of 4 days was estimated on the base of a high correlation coefficient value appearing every 4 days. The minimum time estimated for developing mature eggs after blood feeding was 72 h. The proportion of mosquitoes living enough to transmit Plasmodium vivax malaria during the dry season was 0.35. |
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Centro de Investigacion de Paludismo, Instituto Nacional de Salud Publica, Apartado Postal 537, Tapachula, Chiapas 30700, Mexico |
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8756-971X |
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PMID:17304932 |
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1830 |
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Dallmeyer, M.D.; Turner, R.M.; McDonnell, S.M.; Sertich, P.L.; Dolente, B.A.; Parente, E.J.; Diaz, O.M.S. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Theriogenology question of the month. Behavior problems in a stallion caused by a nephrolith |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
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229 |
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4 |
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511-513 |
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Animals; Behavior, Animal; Horse Diseases/physiopathology/surgery/*ultrasonography; Horses/*physiology; Kidney Calculi/physiopathology/surgery/ultrasonography/*veterinary; Male; Sperm Count/*veterinary; *Sperm Motility; Treatment Outcome |
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Department of Clinical Studies, New Bolton Center, School of Veterinary Medicine, University of Pennsylvania, Kennett Square, PA 19348, USA |
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American College of Theriogenologists |
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0003-1488 |
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PMID:16910847 |
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1865 |
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Kaiser, L.; Heleski, C.R.; Siegford, J.; Smith, K.A. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Stress-related behaviors among horses used in a therapeutic riding program |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
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228 |
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1 |
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39-45 |
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Adult; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Child; *Disabled Persons; Female; Horses/*psychology; Humans; Male; *Mentally Disabled Persons; Occupational Therapy/methods; Recreation; Risk Factors; Stress/*veterinary |
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OBJECTIVE: To determine whether therapeutic riding resulted in higher levels of stress or frustration for horses than did recreational riding and whether therapeutic riding with at-risk individuals was more stressful for the horses than was therapeutic riding with individuals with physical or emotional handicaps. DESIGN: Observational study. ANIMALS: 14 horses in a therapeutic riding program. PROCEDURE: An ethogram of equine behaviors was created, and horses were observed while ridden by 5 groups of riders (recreational riders, physically handicapped riders, psychologically handicapped riders, at risk children, and special education children). Number of stress-related behaviors (ears pinned back, head raised, head turned, head tossed, head shaken, head down, and defecation) was compared among groups. RESULTS: No significant differences in mean number of stress-related behaviors were found when horses were ridden by recreational riders, physically handicapped riders, psychologically handicapped riders, or special education children. However, mean number of stress-related behaviors was significantly higher when horses were ridden by the at-risk children. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that for horses in a therapeutic riding program, being ridden by physically or psychologically handicapped individuals is no more stressful for the horses than is being ridden in the same setting by recreational riders. However, at-risk children caused more stress to the horses, suggesting that the time horses are ridden by at-risk children should be limited both daily and weekly. |
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Human-Animal Bond Initiative, College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA |
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0003-1488 |
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PMID:16426164 |
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1879 |
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Kaiser, L.; Smith, K.A.; Heleski, C.R.; Spence, L.J. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Effects of a therapeutic riding program on at-risk and special education children |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Journal of the American Veterinary Medical Association |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
J Am Vet Med Assoc |
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228 |
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1 |
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46-52 |
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Adolescent; Anger; Animals; *Bonding, Human-Pet; Child; Child Behavior; *Child Psychology; Disabled Persons/*psychology/rehabilitation; Female; Horses; Humans; Mainstreaming (Education); Male; Mothers/*psychology; Occupational Therapy/*methods; Recreation; Self Efficacy; Sports/*psychology |
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OBJECTIVE: To determine the effects of a therapeutic riding program on psychosocial measurements among children considered at risk for poor performance or failure in school or life and among children in special education programs. DESIGN: Observational study. POPULATION: 17 at-risk children (6 boys and 11 girls) and 14 special education children (7 boys and 7 girls). PROCEDURE: For the at-risk children, anger, anxiety, perceived self-competence, and physical coordination were assessed. For the special education children, anger and cheerfulness were measured, and the children's and their mothers' perceptions of the children's behavior were assessed. Measurements were made before and after an 8-session therapeutic riding program. RESULTS: For boys enrolled in the special education program, anger was significantly decreased after completion of the riding program. The boys' mothers also perceived significant improvements in their children's behavior after completion of the program. CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE: Results suggest that an 8-session therapeutic riding program can significantly decrease anger in adolescent boys in a special education program and positively affect their mothers' perception of the boys' behavior. |
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Human-Animal Bond Initiative, College of Nursing, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA |
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0003-1488 |
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PMID:16426165 |
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1880 |
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Zhao, C.J.; Qin, Y.H.; Lee, X.H.; Wu, C. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Molecular and cytogenetic paternity testing of a male offspring of a hinny |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
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Journal of Animal Breeding and Genetics = Zeitschrift fur Tierzuchtung und Zuchtungsbiologie |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
J Anim Breed Genet |
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123 |
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6 |
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403-405 |
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Animals; Cytogenetic Analysis; DNA, Mitochondrial/genetics; Equidae/*genetics; Female; Horses/genetics; Hybridization, Genetic; Male; Microsatellite Repeats; Pedigree; Protamines/genetics; Sexual Behavior, Animal |
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An alleged male foal of a female mule, whose sire and grandparents were unknown, was identified for its pedigree. Parentage testing was conducted by comparing polymorphism of 12 microsatellite DNA sites and mitochondrial D-loop sequences of the male foal and the female mule. Both the sequence analysis of species-specific DNA fragments and a cytogenetic analysis were performed to identify the species of the foal and its parents. The results showed that the alleged female mule is actually a hinny, and the male foal, which possesses 62 chromosomes, qualifies as an offspring of the female hinny and a jack donkey. |
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Equine Center, China Agricultural University, Beijing, China |
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0931-2668 |
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PMID:17177697 |
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1846 |
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Turner, K.K.; Nielsen, B.D.; O'Connor, C.I.; Burton, J.L. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Bee pollen product supplementation to horses in training seems to improve feed intake: A pilot study |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Journal of Animal Physiology and Animal Nutrition |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
J Anim Physiol Anim Nutr (Berl) |
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90 |
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9-10 |
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414-420 |
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*Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Antibody Formation; Bees; Detergents; Dietary Fiber/metabolism; Dietary Supplements; *Digestion; Eating/*drug effects; Exercise Test/veterinary; Female; Heart Rate/drug effects/physiology; Horses/blood/immunology/*physiology; Leukocyte Count/*veterinary; Male; Oxygen Consumption/drug effects/physiology; Physical Conditioning, Animal/*physiology; Pilot Projects; *Pollen; Random Allocation |
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The objective of this study was to determine the efficacy of supplementation of Dynamic Trio 50/50, a bee pollen-based product, to improve physical fitness, blood leukocyte profiles, and nutritional variables in exercised horses. Ten Arabian horses underwent a standardised exercise test (SET), then were pair-matched by sex and fitness and randomly assigned to BP (receiving 118 g of Dynamic Trio 50/50 daily) or CO (receiving 73 g of a placebo) for a period of 42 days. A total collection was conducted from days 18 to 21 on six geldings to determine nutrient retention and neutral detergent fibre (NDF) and acid detergent fibre (ADF) digestibility. Horses were exercise conditioned and completed another SET on day 42. V160 and V200 were calculated from SET heart rates (HR). Lactate, glucose, haematocrit (HT) and haemoglobin (HB) concentrations were determined from SET blood samples. Total leukocyte count, and circulating numbers of various leukocytes and IgG, IgM and IgA concentrations were determined in rest and recovery blood samples from both SETs. Geldings on BP (n = 3) ate more feed than CO. BP had less phosphorus excretion, and tended to retain more nitrogen. BP tended to digest more NDF and ADF while having lower NDF digestibility and tending to have lower ADF digestibility. No treatment differences existed for V160 and V200, HR, lactate, HT and HB. There was a trend for lymphocyte counts to be lower in BP than CO on day 42. Dynamic Trio 50/50 supplementation may have a positive effect on performance by helping horses in training meet their potentially increased nutrient demands by increasing feed intake and thus nutrient retention. |
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Department of Animal Science, Michigan State University, East Lansing, MI 48824, USA. kturner@uga.edu |
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0931-2439 |
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PMID:16958799 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4237 |
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Dixon, G.; Green, L.E.; Nicol, C.J. |
![find record details (via OpenURL) openurl](img/xref.gif)
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Title |
Effect of diet change on the behavior of chicks of an egg-laying strain |
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Journal Article |
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2006 |
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Journal of applied animal welfare science : JAAWS |
Abbreviated Journal ![sorted by Abbreviated Journal field, ascending order (up)](img/sort_asc.gif) |
J Appl Anim Welf Sci |
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9 |
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1 |
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41-58 |
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*Animal Feed; *Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Chickens/*physiology; Crowding; Feeding Behavior/*physiology; Female; Food Preferences/physiology; Oviposition; Random Allocation; Taste |
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Injurious pecking has serious welfare consequences in flocks of hens kept for egg laying, especially when loose-housed. Frequent diet change is a significant risk for injurious pecking; how the mechanics of diet change influence pecking behavior is unknown. This study investigated the effect of diet change on the behavior of chicks from a laying strain. The study included a 3-week familiarity phase: 18 chick pairs received unflavored feed (Experiment 1); 18 pairs received orange oil-flavored (Experiment 2). All chicks participated in a dietary preference test (P); a diet change (DC); or a control group (C), 6 scenarios. All P chicks preferred unflavored feed. In Experiment 1, DC involved change from unflavored to orange-flavored; Experiment 2, orange- flavored to unflavored. Compared with controls, Experiment 2 DC chicks exhibited few behavioral differences; Experiment 1 DC chicks exhibited increased behavioral event rates on Days 1 and 7. They pecked significantly longer at their environment; by Day 7, they showed significantly more beak activity. There was little evidence of dietary neophobia. Change from more preferred to less preferred feed led to increased activity and redirected pecking behavior. |
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School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, England |
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1088-8705 |
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PMID:16649950 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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