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Author Byrne, R.W. url  openurl
  Title Imitation of novel complex actions: What does the evidence from animals mean? Type Book Chapter
  Year 2002 Publication Advances in the Study of Behavior Abbreviated Journal (down) Adv Stud Behav  
  Volume 31 Issue Pages 77-105  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Summary Underlying the various behaviors that are classified as imitation, there may be several distinct mechanisms, differing in adaptive function, cognitive basis, and computational power. Experiments reporting “true motor imitation” in animals do not as yet give evidence of production learning by imitation; instead, contextual imitation can explain their data, and this can be explained by a simple mechanism (response facilitation) which matches known neural findings. When imitation serves a function in social mimicry, which applies to a wide range of phenomena from neonatal imitation in humans and great apes to pair-bonding in some bird species, the fidelity of the behavioral match is crucial. Learning of novel behavior can potentially be achieved by matching the outcome of a model's action, and it is argued that vocal imitation by birds is a clear example of this method (which is sometimes called emulation). Alternatively, the behavior itself may be perceived in terms of actions that the observer can perform, and thus it may be copied. If the imitation is linear and stringlike (action level), following the surface form rather than the underlying plan, then its utility for learning new instrumental methods is limited. However, the underlying plan of hierarchically organized behavior is visible in output behavior, in subtle but detectable ways, and imitation could instead be based on this organization (program level), extracted automatically by string parsing. Currently, the most likely candidates for such capacities are all great apes. It is argued that this ability to perceive the underlying plan of action, in addition to allowing highly flexible imitation of novel instrumental methods, may have resulted in the competence to understand the intentions (theory of mind) of others.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Academic Press Place of Publication San Diego Editor Snowdon, C. T.; Roper, T. J.;Rosenblatt,J. S.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 746  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Moons, C.; Heleski, C.R.; Leece, C.M.; Zanella, A.J. url  openurl
  Title Conflicting Results in the Association Between Plasma and Salivary Cortisol Levels in Foals Type Manuscript
  Year 2002 Publication Havemeier Workshop Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Introduction

Glucocorticoids are present in many biological fluids as a free fraction or bound to Corticoid

Binding Globulins (CBG) (Matteri et al, 2000). There are conflicting claims regarding the validity of

saliva as a biological fluid to measure cortisol in horses (Lebelt et al, 1996; McGreevy and Pell, 1998;

van der Kolk et al, 2001). Measuring changes in salivary cortisol levels in normal horses and horses

with Cushing`s disease van der Kolk and collaborators (2001) demonstrated the validity of saliva to

assess adrenal function. Puzzling results were reported by McGreevy and Pell (1998) who suggested

that plasma and salivary cortisol concentrations in horses showing oral stereotypies were correlated

but this association was non-existent in control animals. Investigating the responses of foals to

branding and foot-trimming Zanella et al (unpublished results) were unable to identify a relationship

between plasma and salivary cortisol levels in foals. In several species, levels of cortisol in plasma and

saliva are tightly correlated (Fenske, 1996). Cortisol found in blood consists of a fraction bound to

corticoid binding globulin (CBG) and a free, unbound fraction. Free cortisol represents the

biologically active fraction of this steroid hormone. Salivary cortisol reflects the unbound fraction

found in plasma or serum and it passes readily through the parotid membrane (Riad-Fahmy, 1983;

Horning Walker et al,1977). Unbound steroids transfer rapidly between plasma and saliva

(Walker,1989; Scott et al 1990). Saliva flow-rate does not appear to influence saliva cortisol levels in

different species (Hubert and de Jong-Meyer, 1989; Walker 1989, Scott et a, 1990). In horses, Lebelt

et al (1996) reported that salivary and plasma total cortisol in stallions were correlated. We

hypothesized that changes in salivary cortisol in foals would show a pattern that is correlated to that of

plasma free and plasma total cortisol concentrations in foals. In addition, we anticipated that the lack

of good sampling techniques provides an explanation for the failure in determining the association

between salivary and plasma cortisol in foals.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 470  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Wakeling,E url  openurl
  Title Feral Horses of the West Type Conference Volume
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 516  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Huebener, E. url  isbn
openurl 
  Title Schmeichelnder Sitz, atmender Schenkel, flüsternder Zügel Type Book Whole
  Year 2002 Publication Olms Presse, Hildesheim Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue 2. erweiterte Auflage Pages 220  
  Keywords  
  Abstract HÜBENER, EBERHARD, Schmeichelnder Sitz, atmender Schenkel,

flüsternder Zügel

Vom feinfühligen, partnerschaftlichen Umgang mit dem Pferd und über Nöte

der bundesdeutschen Reiterei. Mit einem Geleitwort von Dr. Reiner Klimke

2. ergänzte Aufl. Hildesheim 2002. 223 S. mit 63 Abb., davon 3 farbig. Gebunden. Reihe:

(NOVA HIPPOLOGICA.) ISBN: 3-487-08408-2

Dieses Buch beantwortet eine Reihe zentraler Fragen zur Reitlehre und zum

Umgang mit dem Pferd gründlich und leicht verständlich. Es ist daher hilfreich

für alle, die sich am und auf dem Pferd gern helfen lassen. Ob sie nun nur zum

Vergnügen oder mit turniersportlichen Ambitionen reiten. Ob sie lernen oder

lehren.

Der vorliegenden zweiten Auflage ist eine neue Arbeit des Autors beigebunden:

Nachdem eine Video-Analyse seinen “selbsttätigen Schenkel” bestätigt hat, wird

jetzt endlich auch das “Sitz-Rätsel” definitiv gelöst.

Die Video-Technik hat ermöglicht, das Zusammenspiel von Gangart, Bewegungen

von Pferderumpf und -rücken, Sitz des Reiters und Hilfengebung zum Nutzen

des Reiter-Rückgrats, der keineswegs beliebig belastbaren Wirbelsäule des

Pferdes und kultivierten, feinfühligen Reitens zu entschlüsseln.

Reitunterricht kann anders aussehen. Irrwege sind vermeidbar geworden.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Deutsch Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0948-9708 ISBN 3-487-08408-2 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Reiten Lesen Denken @ eberhardhuebener @ Serial 874  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Huebener, E. isbn  openurl
  Title Coaxing seat, breathing leg, whispering reins Type Book Whole
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue 2nd edition Pages 220  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Deutsch Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0948-9708 ISBN 3-487-08408-2 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Reiten Lesen Denken @ eberhardhuebener @ Serial 875  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Dugatkin, L.A. doi  openurl
  Title Cooperation in animals: An evolutionary overview Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Biology and Philosophy Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume 17 Issue 4 Pages 459-476  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Evolutionary biologists have grappled with the question of the emergenceand maintenance of cooperation since Darwin first listed animal cooperation asapotential problem for his theory of natural selection. Here I review four pathsthat have been delineated in the study of intra-specific cooperation amonganimals. These paths – kinship, reciprocity, byproduct mutualism andgroupselection – serve as a starting point for behavioral ecologistsinterestedstudying the initiation and maintenance of cooperation. After reviewing theempirical and theoretical underpinnings of these paths to cooperation, I touchupon some recent work that has attempted to examine (or reexamine) the role ofphylogeny, punishment and morality in the light of cooperative behavior.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2179  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author King, S.R.B.; Gurnell, J. openurl 
  Title Behavioural ecology of Przewalski horses (Equus przewalskii) reintroduced to Hustai National Park, Mongolia Type Manuscript
  Year 2002 Publication Queen Mary, University of London Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis Ph.D. thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2320  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Moehlman, P. D. (ed) isbn  openurl
  Title Equids: zebras, asses and horses: status survey and conservation action plan Type Book Whole
  Year 2002 Publication Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Once one of the most abundant grazing animals, now only seven species remain. Equids persist in some of the harshest climates and terrains in the world, habitats which are also home to many human populations. Conservation will depend on local nomadic pastoralists participating in, and benefiting from, the conservation management of their areas. Included are summaries of the conservation status, biology and ecology of wild zebras, asses, and horses and recommendations for conservation action



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Equids: Zebras, Asses And Horses: Status Survey And Conservation Action Plan



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Equids: Zebras, Asses And Horses: Status Survey And Conservation Action Plan (Paperback)

by Patricia D Moehlman (Editor)





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Editorial Reviews

Book Description

The new Equid Action Plan provides current knowledge on the biology, ecology and conservation status of wild zebras, asses, and horses. It specifies what information is lacking, and prioritizes needed conservation actions. The Action Plan also provides chapters on equid taxonomy, genetics, reproductive biology, and population dynamics. These chapters highlight unsolved issues of taxonomy and genetics. They also provide information and insight into the special demographic and genetic challenges of managing small populations. The chapter on disease provides a review of documented equine disease and epidemiology and focuses on priorities for equid conservation health. The final chapter deals with the importance of developing an assessment methodology that explicitly considers the role of equids in ecosystems and the ecological processes that are necessary for ecosystem viability. The approach of combining ecological field studies and ecosystem modeling should prove useful for the scientific management and conservation of wild equids worldwide. These chapters provide research and conservation practitioners with new information and paradigms.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher IUCN Place of Publication Gland, Switzerland Editor Moehlman, P. D.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-2831706474 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2384  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Davies Morel, M.C.G.; Newcombe, J.R.; Holland, S.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Factors affecting gestation length in the Thoroughbred mare Type Journal Article
  Year 2002 Publication Animal Reproduction Science Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume 74 Issue 3-4 Pages 175-185  
  Keywords Gestation length; Mare age; Foals; Month of year; Ovulation-mating interval  
  Abstract In order to assist in the accurate prediction of the timing of parturition in the mare true gestation length, along with the potential effect of a number of factors, was investigated. Data from 433 Thoroughbred foal pregnancies were used. Sequential ultrasonic scanning allowed the true gestation length (fertilisation-parturition) to be ascertained, as apposed to previous work, which used the mating-parturition interval. An average gestation length of 344.1+/-0.49 days was evident. Colt foal pregnancies were significantly (P<0.001) longer (346.2+/-0.72) than fillies (342.4+/-0.65). Month of birth had a significant effect on gestation length in all foals (P<0.001). With foals born in January having the shortest gestation lengths and those born in April the longest. Mare age, year of birth, stallion age, stud farm and the interval between ovulation and mating had no significant effect. It is concluded that (i) the gestation length range (315-388 days), all resulting in viable foals is noteworthy and of clinical importance when considering the classification of dysmaturity in foals, (ii) mares carrying colt foals due to be born in the middle of the breeding season (April) are likely to have the longer gestation lengths.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 3638  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Waring, George H. (ed) isbn  openurl
  Title Horse Behavior: The Behavioral Traits and Adaptations of Domestic and Wild Horses, Including Ponies Type Book Whole
  Year 2002 Publication Noyes Publications Abbreviated Journal (down)  
  Volume Issue Pages  
  Keywords  
  Abstract Reviews

Synopsis

The second edition of this informative book remains the most comprehensive and current overview of the behavioral traits and adaptations of horses. The book integrates findings from hundreds of international researchers to provide the reader with a factual synthesis of the behaviour of domestic and feral horses. Building on the strengths of the first edition, the author has thoroughly updated coverage of horse ancestry, development, perception, learning, play, social behavioral manipulation, maintenance activities, and sexual behaviour. Throughout these and other chapters, more emphasis has been given to animal husbandry and management. Additionally, the second edition includes an all-new section on ecological influences on activity patterns, habitat utilization, social behaviour and reproduction. An expanded section on applied ethnology provides behavioral considerations or management and insight regarding the behavioral indicators of horse health and well being. This is followed with an updated appendix listing behavioral symptoms and possible causes. The text contains numerous tables and nearly 100 illustrations and photos. Interesting Facts: Rich with international data, incorporated into text, tables, and figures Two new chapters on ecological influences dealing with interactions between environment feeding, ranging, shelter seeking, reproductive and social behavior, among other topics New chapter on behavioral considerations in horse management, plus updated material on health and well being, surveys atypical symptoms ranging from posture to social behaviour Update appendix provides an extensive listing of behavioral symptoms, with identifications of possible associated problems.
 
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Noyes Publications Place of Publication Nrowich, NY Editor Waring, George H.  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN 978-0815514848 Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4233  
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