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| Author | Ogbourne, C.P. | ||||
| Title | Variations in the fecundity of strongylid worms of the horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1971 | Publication | Parasitology | Abbreviated Journal  |
Parasitology |
| Volume | 63 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 289-298 |
| Keywords | Animals; Animals, Newborn; Ecology; Feces; Female; Horses; Larva/growth & development; Male; Ovum; Parasite Egg Count; Reproduction; Seasons; Strongyle Infections, Equine/*etiology; Strongyloides/*growth & development; Time Factors | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0031-1820 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:5129804 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2727 | ||
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| Author | Jordan, J. | ||||
| Title | [Modern views on the structure and function of the vomeronasal (Jacobson's) organ in mammals] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1970 | Publication | Otolaryngologia Polska. The Polish Otolaryngology | Abbreviated Journal |
Otolaryngol Pol |
| Volume | 24 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 457-462 |
| Keywords | Animals; Cats; Dogs; Guinea Pigs; Horses; Humans; Mice; Nasal Septum/anatomy & histology/blood supply/cytology/innervation/physiology; Nose/*anatomy & histology/blood supply/innervation/*physiology; Rabbits; Rats; Sheep; Smell | ||||
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| Language | Polish | Summary Language | Original Title | Obecne poglady na budowe i czynnosc narzadu lemieszowo-nosowego (Jacobsona) u ssakow | |
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0030-6657 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:4918960 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4315 | ||
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| Author | Grandin, T. | ||||
| Title | Safe handling of large animals | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Occupational Medicine (Philadelphia, Pa.) | Abbreviated Journal |
Occup Med |
| Volume | 14 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 195-212 |
| Keywords | Accidents, Occupational/*prevention & control/statistics & numerical data; Aggression/physiology/psychology; Animal Husbandry/*methods; Animals; *Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cattle; Conditioning, Operant/physiology; Crowding/psychology; Fear/physiology/psychology; Female; *Horses/physiology/psychology; Humans; Male; Movement/physiology; *Occupational Health; Risk Factors; *Ruminants/physiology/psychology | ||||
| Abstract | The major causes of accidents with cattle, horses, and other grazing animals are: panic due to fear, male dominance aggression, or the maternal aggression of a mother protecting her newborn. Danger is inherent when handling large animals. Understanding their behavior patterns improves safety, but working with animals will never be completely safe. Calm, quiet handling and non-slip flooring are beneficial. Rough handling and excessive use of electric prods increase chances of injury to both people and animals, because fearful animals may jump, kick, or rear. Training animals to voluntarily cooperate with veterinary procedures reduces stress and improves safety. Grazing animals have a herd instinct, and a lone, isolated animal can become agitated. Providing a companion animal helps keep an animal calm. | ||||
| Address | Department of Animal Science, Colorado State University, Fort Collins 80526, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0885-114X | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:10329901 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 3793 | ||
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| Author | Kida, H. | ||||
| Title | [Ecology of influenza viruses in animals and the mechanism of emergence of new pandemic strains] | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1997 | Publication | Nippon Rinsho. Japanese Journal of Clinical Medicine | Abbreviated Journal |
Nippon Rinsho |
| Volume | 55 | Issue | 10 | Pages | 2521-2526 |
| Keywords | Animals; Bird Diseases/transmission; Birds; Horse Diseases/transmission; Horses; Humans; Influenza, Human/transmission/*veterinary; Swine; Swine Diseases/transmission; Zoonoses | ||||
| Abstract | Ecological studies on influenza viruses revealed that the hemagglutinin genes are introduced into new pandemic strains from viruses circulating in migratory ducks through domestic ducks and pigs in southern China. Experimental infection of pigs with 38 avian influenza virus strains with H1-H13 hemagglutinins showed that at least one strain of each HA subtype replicated in the upper respiratory tract of pigs. Co-infection of pigs with a swine virus and with an avian virus generated reassortant viruses. The results indicate that avian viruses of any subtype can contribute genes in the generation of reassortants. Virological surveillance revealed that influenza viruses in waterfowl reservoir are perpetuated year-by-year in the frozen lake water while ducks are absent. | ||||
| Address | Department of Disease Control, Hokkaido University Graduate School of Veterinary Medicine | ||||
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| Language | Japanese | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0047-1852 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:9360367 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2654 | ||
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| Author | VanDierendonck, M.C.; de Vries, H.; Schilder, M.B.H. | ||||
| Title | An Analysis of Dominance, Its Behavioural Parameters and Possible Determinants in a Herd of Icelandic orses in Captivity | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Netherlands Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal |
Netherl. J. Zool. |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 362-385 |
| Keywords | Dominance; rank order; horses; Icelandic horses. | ||||
| Abstract | Th e applicability of the concept of dominance was investigated in a captive herd of  Icelandic horses and  ponies of diff erent breeds. Eight out of  behaviours possibly related to dominance occurred frequently enough to be investigated in detail. For these eight agonistic behaviours the coverage, the unidirectionality in the exchange, and the degree of transitivity (Landau`s linearity index) were calculated. Four off ensive behaviours, together with avoidance, were suitable for further analysis with regard to dominance. Th e patterns of asymmetries with which these behaviours were exchanged were suffi ciently similar as to justify the application of the dominance concept and to construct a (nearly) linear dominance hierarchy. Th e rank order of the castrated stallions was completely linear, the hierarchy of the mares was almost completely linear. Th e results suggest that off ensive and defensive aggressive behaviours should be treated separately and that the concept of dominance is applicable. However, ritualized formal dominance signals between adult horses appear to be (almost) absent. Th e rank positions of the individuals were correlated with age and residency in the herd but not with height. Middle ranking horses tended to be more frequently in the close vicinity of another horse than high ranking or low ranking horses. Over and above this correlation at the individual level, it was found that pairs of horses close in rank to each other were more often also spatially close to each other. Being in oestrus did not infl uence the dominance relationships between mares. For castrated stallions the rank positions were correlated with the age at which they were castrated. Th is suggests that in male horses experience prior to neutering infl uences the behaviour afterwards. |
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 440 | ||
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| Author | VanDierendonck, M.C., de Vries, H., Schilder, M.B.H. | ||||
| Title | An Analysis of Dominance, Its Behavioural Parameters and Possible Determinants in a Herd of Icelandic horses in captivity | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1995 | Publication | Netherlands Journal of Zoology | Abbreviated Journal |
Netherl. J. Zool. |
| Volume | 45 | Issue | 3-4 | Pages | 362-385 |
| Keywords | Dominance; rank order; horses; Icelandic horses. | ||||
| Abstract | Feral horses are social animals, which have to rely on survival strategies centered on the formation of cohesive social bonds within their bands. Many problems in the husbandry of social animals such as horses, are due to the fact that the limits of their adaptive abilities are exceeded. Evidence suggests that the fundamental social characteristics of domestic horses have remained relatively unchanged. The social structure, social strategies and social interactions were investigated (3 non-consecutive years, 24 hr per day for several weeks) in long term established groups of domestic horses (mares and geldings of all ages) and a few small introduced groups, kept in (semi)natural environments. The general aim was to investigate the social needs of domestic horses. The social life of domestic horses was characterised by long lasting bonds with preferred partners which were established and maintained by allogrooming, play, proximity and dominance behaviours. Bonding partners were mainly found within the same sex-age group, but adult geldings also bonded with sub-adult mares and geldings. Adult mares were clustered in a group, while the other animals formed a second group. Among the adult mares, subgroups according to reproductive state were formed. Individuals regulated their social network by interfering with interactions between other members of the herd, which in itself is complex. An intervention is a behavioural action of one animal that actively interferes with an ongoing interaction between a dyad with the apparent aim of altering that interaction. This was verified by post-hoc analyses of disturbed and undisturbed interactions. Interventions in allogrooming or play were performed significantly more often when at least one member of the initial dyad was a preferred partner of, or familiar to (within the small introduced bands) the intervener. The stronger the preferred association in allogrooming between the intervener and member(s) of the initial dyad, the higher the probability the intervener would displace one initial member and continue allogrooming with the other. Just five behaviours were extracted which reliably reflected the dominance relations among horses. Aggression with the hind quarters was used both offensively and defensively and therefore not suitable as a reliable parameter. Individual dominance relationships were related to social experience. The implications of these findings for horse husbandry were assessed. It is argued that the execution of affiliative behaviours may be rewarding in itself, and therefore always will be a highly motivated behaviour. It is shown that social positive physical interactions (allogrooming, play) with other horses is an ethological need and therefore indispensable in modern husbandry systems. Ethological needs are so important for the animal that husbandry systems that lack the possibilities to execute such behaviours will cause chronic stress. It is concluded that all horses need physical social contact, and that horses, which lack appropriate social learning experiences during ontogeny, may be hampered in their social functioning later in life. Solutions for problems, including dominance problems, in individual social housing and group housing are presented. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2368 | ||
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| Author | Scheidhacker, M.; Bender, W.; Vaitl, P. | ||||
| Title | Die Wirksamkeit des therapeutischen Reitens bei der Behandlung chronisch schizophrener Patienten | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1991 | Publication | Der Nervenarzt | Abbreviated Journal |
Nervenarzt |
| Volume | 62 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 283-287 |
| Keywords | Adaptation, Psychological; Adult; Animals; Attention; Chronic Disease; Female; Follow-Up Studies; *Horses; Humans; Male; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales; Psychotherapy/*methods; Schizophrenia/*rehabilitation; *Schizophrenic Psychology; Self Concept; *Sports | ||||
| Abstract | After describing horse-riding as a facility in managing mentally ill patients, a program for chronic schizophrenic in-patients is presented. Clinical experience with this program and also results of a controlled study are reported. The therapeutic value and slope for horse-riding are discussed in relation to different diagnoses. | ||||
| Address | Bezirkskrankenhaus Haar b. Munchen | ||||
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| Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | Die Wirksamkeit des therapeutischen Reitens bei der Behandlung chronisch schizophrener Patienten. Experimentelle Ergebnisse und klinische Erfahrungen | |
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0028-2804 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | [The effectiveness of therapeutic horseback-riding in the treatment of chronic schizophrenic patients. Experimental results and clinical experiences] | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5067 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Alexander, F.; Chowdhury, A.K. | ||||
| Title | Enzymes in the ileal juice of the horse | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1958 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume | 181 | Issue | 4603 | Pages | 190 |
| Keywords | *Enzymes; *Horses; Ileum/*metabolism; *Enzymes; *Horses; *ILEUM/metabolism | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0028-0836 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:13504127 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 121 | ||
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| Author | Proudman, C.; Pinchbeck, G.; Clegg, P.; French, N. | ||||
| Title | Equine welfare: risk of horses falling in the Grand National | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume | 428 | Issue | 6981 | Pages | 385-386 |
| Keywords | Accidental Falls/prevention & control/*statistics & numerical data; Animal Welfare; Animals; Great Britain; Horse Diseases/prevention & control; Horses/*physiology; Odds Ratio; Risk Assessment; *Sports | ||||
| Abstract | As in other competitive sports, the famous Grand National steeplechase, which is held at Aintree in the United Kingdom and is watched by 600 million people worldwide, sometimes results in injury. By analysing data from the past 15 Grand National races (consisting of 560 starts by horses), we are able to identify several factors that are significantly associated with failure to complete the race: no previous experience of the course and its unique obstacles, unfavourable ground conditions (too soft or too hard), a large number of runners, and the length of the odds ('starting price'). We also find that there is an increased risk of falling at the first fence and at the jump known as Becher's Brook, which has a ditch on the landing side. Our findings indicate ways in which the Grand National could be made safer for horses and illustrate how epidemiological analysis might contribute to preventing injury in competitive sport. | ||||
| Address | Epidemiology Group, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Liverpool, Leahurst, Neston, Wirral CH64 7TE, UK. c.j.proudman@liverpool.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1476-4687 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15042079 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 535 | ||
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| Author | Wilson, A.M.; McGuigan, M.P.; Su, A.; van Den Bogert, A.J. | ||||
| Title | Horses damp the spring in their step | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Nature | Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
| Volume | 414 | Issue | 6866 | Pages | 895-899 |
| Keywords | Animals; Biomechanics; Elasticity; Forelimb; Gait; Horses/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Leg Bones/*physiology; Locomotion; Models, Biological; Muscle Fibers/physiology; Muscle, Skeletal/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Tendons/anatomy & histology/*physiology; Vibration | ||||
| Abstract | The muscular work of galloping in horses is halved by storing and returning elastic strain energy in spring-like muscle-tendon units.These make the legs act like a child's pogo stick that is tuned to stretch and recoil at 2.5 strides per second. This mechanism is optimized by unique musculoskeletal adaptations: the digital flexor muscles have extremely short fibres and significant passive properties, whereas the tendons are very long and span several joints. Length change occurs by a stretching of the spring-like digital flexor tendons rather than through energetically expensive length changes in the muscle. Despite being apparently redundant for such a mechanism, the muscle fibres in the digital flexors are well developed. Here we show that the mechanical arrangement of the elastic leg permits it to vibrate at a higher frequency of 30-40 Hz that could cause fatigue damage to tendon and bone. Furthermore, we show that the digital flexor muscles have minimal ability to contribute to or regulate significantly the 2.5-Hz cycle of movement, but are ideally arranged to damp these high-frequency oscillations in the limb. | ||||
| Address | Department of Veterinary Basic Sciences, The Royal Veterinary College, Hatfield, Herts AL9 7TA, UK. awilson@rvc.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0028-0836 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:11780059 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2300 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||