| Records |
| Author |
Clement, T.S.; Feltus, J.R.; Kaiser, D.H.; Zentall, T.R. |
| Title |
“Work ethic” in pigeons: reward value is directly related to the effort or time required to obtain the reward |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Psychonomic bulletin & review |
Abbreviated Journal  |
Psychon Bull Rev |
| Volume |
7 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
100-106 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cognition/physiology; Columbidae; Discrimination Learning/physiology; Female; Male; Reinforcement (Psychology); *Reward; Time Factors |
| Abstract |
Stimuli associated with less effort or with shorter delays to reinforcement are generally preferred over those associated with greater effort or longer delays to reinforcement. However, the opposite appears to be true of stimuli that follow greater effort or longer delays. In training, a simple simultaneous discrimination followed a single peck to an initial stimulus (S+FR1 S-FR1) and a different simple simultaneous discrimination followed 20 pecks to the initial stimulus (S+FR20 S-FR20). On test trials, pigeons preferred S+FR20 over S+FR1 and S-FR20 over S-FR1. These data support the view that the state of the animal immediately prior to presentation of the discrimination affects the value of the reinforcement that follows it. This contrast effect is analogous to effects that when they occur in humans have been attributed to more complex cognitive and social factors. |
| Address |
University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA |
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| Language |
English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1069-9384 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:10780022 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
248 |
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| Author |
Goncalves, T.C.; Rocha, D.S.; Cunha, R.A. |
| Title |
Feeding patterns of Triatoma vitticeps in the State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Revista de Saude Publica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Rev Saude Publica |
| Volume |
34 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
348-352 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Brazil; Cattle; Chagas Disease/transmission; Dogs; Ecology; Feeding Behavior/physiology; Female; Food Habits/physiology; Humans; Insect Vectors/*physiology; Male; Triatoma/*physiology; *Trypanosoma cruzi/isolation & purification |
| Abstract |
OBJECTIVE: Feeding patterns of triatomines have contributed to elucidate its biology. Triatoma vitticeps, naturally infected with T. cruzi, has been found in domiciles. Its behavior and epidemiological patterns were investigated. METHODS: One-hundred and twenty two specimens of T. vitticeps were captured from February 1989 to April 1993 in two areas of Triunfo municipality, a subdistrict of Santa Maria Madalena municipal district, State of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil. The insects were dissected and their intestinal contents were removed and tested. It was used antisera from: man, cow, horse, dog, pig, armadillo, opossum, rodent, and bird. RESULTS: From the total analyzed, 79 were positive and 43 were negative to the nine antisera tested: armadillo (30.3%) > human and pig (13.1%) > bird and dog (11.5%) > horse (5.7%) > opossum (4.9%) > rodent (4. 1%) > cow (3.3%). Blood meals ranged from 0 to 4 and 6 in the following distribution: 0 = 25.41%; 1 = 45.08%; 2 = 10.66%; 3 = 6. 56%; 4 = 1.64%, and 6 = 0.82%. Nine of the 122 insects captured were not examined, 74 (65.54%) were positive for T. cruzi infection and 39 (34.51%) were negative. CONCLUSIONS: These results identified the T. vitticeps as being a sylvatic species and trypanosomiasis as being an enzootic disease. Epidemiological vigilance will be important to provide more information regarding the behavior of the species |
| Address |
Departamento de Entomologia, Instituto swaldo Cruz, Fiocruz, Rio de Janeiro, RJ, Brasil. tcmonte@gene.dbbm.fiocruz.br |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0034-8910 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:10973153 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2650 |
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| Author |
de Waal, F.B.; Aureli, F.; Judge, P.G. |
| Title |
Coping with crowding |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Scientific American |
Abbreviated Journal |
Sci Am |
| Volume |
282 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
76-81 |
| Keywords |
*Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Emotions; Female; Grooming; Homicide; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Male; Pan troglodytes; *Population Density; Primates; Rodentia; Rural Population; Territoriality; Urban Population; Violence |
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| Address |
Living Links Center, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Atlanta, USA |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0036-8733 |
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| Notes |
PMID:11056991 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
184 |
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| Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
| Title |
Primates--A natural heritage of conflict resolution |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
289 |
Issue |
5479 |
Pages |
586-590 |
| Keywords |
Aggression/*psychology; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Conflict (Psychology); Female; Humans; Male; *Primates; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance |
| Abstract |
The traditional notion of aggression as an antisocial instinct is being replaced by a framework that considers it a tool of competition and negotiation. When survival depends on mutual assistance, the expression of aggression is constrained by the need to maintain beneficial relationships. Moreover, evolution has produced ways of countering its disruptive consequences. For example, chimpanzees kiss and embrace after fights, and other nonhuman primates engage in similar “reconciliations.” Theoretical developments in this field carry implications for human aggression research. From families to high schools, aggressive conflict is subject to the same constraints known of cooperative animal societies. It is only when social relationships are valued that one can expect the full complement of natural checks and balances. |
| Address |
Living Links, Center for the Advanced Study of Human and Ape Evolution, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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English |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0036-8075 |
ISBN |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:10915614 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
187 |
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| Author |
Janik, V.M. |
| Title |
Whistle matching in wild bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops truncatus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
289 |
Issue |
5483 |
Pages |
1355-1357 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild/physiology; Dolphins/*physiology; *Imitative Behavior; *Learning; *Social Behavior; *Vocalization, Animal |
| Abstract |
Dolphin communication is suspected to be complex, on the basis of their call repertoires, cognitive abilities, and ability to modify signals through vocal learning. Because of the difficulties involved in observing and recording individual cetaceans, very little is known about how they use their calls. This report shows that wild, unrestrained bottlenose dolphins use their learned whistles in matching interactions, in which an individual responds to a whistle of a conspecific by emitting the same whistle type. Vocal matching occurred over distances of up to 580 meters and is indicative of animals addressing each other individually. |
| Address |
School of Biology, University of St. Andrews, Bute Building, Fife KY16 9TS, UK |
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English |
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0036-8075 |
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| Notes |
PMID:10958783 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
550 |
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| Author |
Byrne R.W. |
| Title |
- Animal Cognition in Nature, edited by Russell P. Balda, Irene M. Pepperberg and Alan C. Kamil |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Trends in Cognitive Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Cognit. Sci. |
| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
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Pages |
73-73 |
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Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
3480 |
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| Author |
Shettleworth, S.J. |
| Title |
Cognitive ecology: field or label? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Ecol. Evol |
| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
161 |
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| Address |
Depts of Psychology and Zoology, University of Toronto, Toronto, Ontario, Canada M5S 3G3 |
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English |
Summary Language |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0169-5347 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:10717686 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
373 |
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| Author |
Healy,S.; Braithwaite, V |
| Title |
Cognitive ecology: a field of substance? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Trends in Ecology & Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Trends. Ecol. Evol |
| Volume |
15 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
22-26 |
| Keywords |
Cognitive ecology; Neuroethology; Cognition; Ecology; Evolution; Orientation mechanisms |
| Abstract |
In 1993, Les Real invented the label 'cognitive ecology'. This label was intended for work that brought cognitive science and behavioural ecology together. Real's article stressed the importance of such an approach to the understanding of behaviour. At the end of a decade in which more interdisciplinary work on behaviour has been seen than for many years, it is time to assess whether cognitive ecology is a label describing an active field. |
| Address |
Division of Biological Sciences, King's Buildings, University of Edinburgh, West Mains Road, Edinburgh, UK EH9 3JT |
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English |
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0169-5347 |
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| Notes |
PMID:10603501 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
837 |
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| Author |
Aureli, Filippo; de Waal, F. B. M. |
| Title |
Natural conflict resolution |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
University of California Press |
Abbreviated Journal |
University of California Press. |
| Volume |
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Issue |
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Pages |
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| Abstract |
Introduction FILIPPO AURELI & FRANS B. M. DE WAAL Menzel, C. R. 1993. van Schaik, C. P., & van Noordwijk, M. A. 1986. Communication by agonistic displays: What can games theory contribute to ethology? Chapais, B. 1995. Alliances as a means of competition in primates: Evolutionary, developmental, and cognitive aspects. Punishment in animal societies. Nature, 373: 209-216. |
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Place of Publication |
Berkley |
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Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
533 |
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| Author |
Kirkwood, J.K. |
| Title |
Animal minds and animal welfare |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
| Volume |
146 |
Issue |
11 |
Pages |
327 |
| Keywords |
*Animal Welfare; Animals; Animals, Domestic/*psychology; *Cognition; Consciousness; Veterinary Medicine/standards |
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English |
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| ISSN |
0042-4900 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:10766123 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2856 |
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