| Home | [1–10] << 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 >> |
|
| Records | |||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Author | Flack, J.C.; Jeannotte, L.A.; de Waal, F.B.M. | ||||
| Title | Play signaling and the perception of social rules by juvenile chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2004 | Publication | Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) | Abbreviated Journal  |
J Comp Psychol |
| Volume | 118 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 149-159 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Female; Male; Pan troglodytes; *Play and Playthings; Recognition (Psychology); *Signal Detection (Psychology); *Social Perception | ||||
| Abstract | Prescriptive social rules are enforced statistical regularities. The authors investigated whether juvenile chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) recognize and use enforced statistical regularities to guide dyadic play behavior. They hypothesized (a) that proximity of adults, especially mothers of younger play partners, to play bouts will increase the play signaling of older partners and (b) that when juvenile-juvenile play bouts occur in proximity to adults, older partners will play at a lower intensity than when no adults are present. They found that older and younger partners increase their play signaling in the presence of the mothers of younger partners, particularly as the intensity of play bouts increases. In contrast to their hypothesis, older partners played more roughly when the mothers of younger partners were in proximity. These results suggest that juvenile chimpanzees increase play signaling to prevent termination of the play bouts by mothers of younger partners. | ||||
| Address | Santa Fe Institute, NM 97501, USA. jflack@santafe.edu | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0735-7036 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:15250802 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 172 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Lilienfeld, S.O.; Gershon, J.; Duke, M.; Marino, L.; de Waal, F.B. | ||||
| Title | A preliminary investigation of the construct of psychopathic personality (psychopathy) in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) | Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Psychol |
| Volume | 113 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 365-375 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Analysis of Variance; Animals; Antisocial Personality Disorder/*diagnosis/psychology; Ethology/*methods; Female; Male; Observer Variation; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Psychiatric Status Rating Scales/*standards; Reproducibility of Results; Sex Characteristics; *Social Behavior | ||||
| Abstract | Although the construct of psychopathy has received considerable attention in humans, its relevance to other animals is largely unknown. We developed a measure of psychopathy for use in chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), the Chimpanzee Psychopathy Measure (CPM), and asked 6 raters to complete this index on 34 chimpanzees. The CPM (a) demonstrated satisfactory interrater reliability and internal consistency; (b) exhibited marginally significant sex differences (males > females); (c) correlated positively with measures of extraversion, agreeableness, and observational ratings of agonism, sexual activity, daring behaviors, teasing, silent bluff displays, and temper tantrums, and negatively with observational ratings of generosity; and (d) demonstrated incremental validity above and beyond a measure of dominance. Although further validation of the CPM is needed, these findings suggest that the psychopathy construct may be relevant to chimpanzees. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. scott@ss.emory.edu | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0735-7036 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:10608560 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 193 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Zentall, T.R.; Galizio, M.; Critchfied, T.S. | ||||
| Title | Categorization, concept learning, and behavior analysis: an introduction | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Journal of the experimental analysis of behavior | Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Anal Behav |
| Volume | 78 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 237-248 |
| Keywords | Animals; Association Learning; *Concept Formation; *Discrimination Learning; Humans; Language | ||||
| Abstract | Categorization and concept learning encompass some of the most important aspects of behavior, but historically they have not been central topics in the experimental analysis of behavior. To introduce this special issue of the Journal of the Experimental Analysis of Behavior (JEAB), we define key terms; distinguish between the study of concepts and the study of concept learning; describe three types of concept learning characterized by the stimulus classes they yield; and briefly identify several other themes (e.g., quantitative modeling and ties to language) that appear in the literature. As the special issue demonstrates, a surprising amount and diversity of work is being conducted that either represents a behavior-analytic perspective or can inform or constructively challenge this perspective. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington 40506, USA. zentall@pop.uky.edu | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-5002 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:12507002 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 236 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Farmer-Dougan, V.; Dougan, J. | ||||
| Title | The Man Who Listens To Behavior: Folk Wisdom And Behavior Analysis From A Real Horse Whisperer | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | JOURNAL OF THE EXPERIMENTAL ANALYSIS OF BEHAVIOR | Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Anal Behav |
| Volume | 72 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 139-149 |
| Keywords | positive reinforcement, aversive control, learned helplessness, language, biological constraints, | ||||
| Abstract | The popular novel and movie The Horse Whisperer are based on the work of several real-life horse whisperers, the most famous of whom is Monty Roberts. Over the last 50 years, Roberts has developed a technique for training horses that is both more effective and less aversive than traditional training techniques. An analysis of Roberts` methods (as described in his book, The Man Who Listens to Horses) indicates a deep understanding of behavioral principles including positive reinforcement, timeout, species-specific defense reactions, learned helplessness, and the behavioral analysis of language. Roberts developed his theory and techniques on the basis of personal experience and folk wisdom, and not as the result of formal training in behavior analysis. Behavior analysts can clearly learn from such insightful yet behaviorally incorrect practitioners, just as such practitioners can benefit from the objective science of behavior analysts. |
||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-5002 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16812908 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 1829 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Skedros, J.G.; Dayton, M.R.; Sybrowsky, C.L.; Bloebaum, R.D.; Bachus, K.N. | ||||
| Title | The influence of collagen fiber orientation and other histocompositional characteristics on the mechanical properties of equine cortical bone | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | The Journal of Experimental Biology | Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Biol |
| Volume | 209 | Issue | Pt 15 | Pages | 3025-3042 |
| Keywords | Animals; Biomechanics; Bone and Bones/*physiology; Collagen/*physiology; Forelimb; Horses/*physiology | ||||
| Abstract | This study examined relative influences of predominant collagen fiber orientation (CFO), mineralization (% ash), and other microstructural characteristics on the mechanical properties of equine cortical bone. Using strain-mode-specific (S-M-S) testing (compression testing of bone habitually loaded in compression; tension testing of bone habitually loaded in tension), the relative mechanical importance of CFO and other material characteristics were examined in equine third metacarpals (MC3s). This model was chosen since it had a consistent non-uniform strain distribution estimated by finite element analysis (FEA) near mid-diaphysis of a thoroughbred horse, net tension in the dorsal/lateral cortices and net compression in the palmar/medial cortices. Bone specimens from regions habitually loaded in tension or compression were: (1) tested to failure in both axial compression and tension in order to contrast S-M-S vs non-S-M-S behavior, and (2) analyzed for CFO, % ash, porosity, fractional area of secondary osteonal bone, osteon cross-sectional area, and population densities of secondary osteons and osteocyte lacunae. Multivariate multiple regression analyses revealed that in S-M-S compression testing, CFO most strongly influenced total energy (pre-yield elastic energy plus post-yield plastic energy); in S-M-S tension testing CFO most strongly influenced post-yield energy and total energy. CFO was less important in explaining S-M-S elastic modulus, and yield and ultimate stress. Therefore, in S-M-S loading CFO appears to be important in influencing energy absorption, whereas the other characteristics have a more dominant influence in elastic modulus, pre-yield behavior and strength. These data generally support the hypothesis that differentially affecting S-M-S energy absorption may be an important consequence of regional histocompositional heterogeneity in the equine MC3. Data inconsistent with the hypothesis, including the lack of highly longitudinal collagen in the dorsal-lateral ;tension' region, paradoxical histologic organization in some locations, and lack of significantly improved S-M-S properties in some locations, might reflect the absence of a similar habitual strain distribution in all bones. An alternative strain distribution based on in vivo strain measurements, without FEA, on non-Thoroughbreds showing net compression along the dorsal-palmar axis might be more characteristic of the habitual loading of some of the bones that we examined. In turn, some inconsistencies might also reflect the complex torsion/bending loading regime that the MC3 sustains when the animal undergoes a variety of gaits and activities, which may be representative of only a portion of our animals, again reflecting the possibility that not all of the bones examined had similar habitual loading histories. | ||||
| Address | Utah Bone and Joint Center, 5323 S. Woodrow Street #202, Salt Lake City, UT 84107, USA. jskedros@utahboneandjoint.com | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0022-0949 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16857886 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Serial | 1868 | |||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Nissani, M. | ||||
| Title | Do Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) apply causal reasoning to tool-use tasks? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes | Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 91-96 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Conditioning, Operant; *Decision Making; Discrimination (Psychology); Elephants; Female | ||||
| Abstract | Two experiments addressed contradictory claims about causal reasoning in elephants. In Experiment 1, 4 Asian elephants (Elephas maximus) were pretrained to remove a lid from the top of a bucket and retrieve a food reward. Subsequently, in the first 5 critical trials, when the lid was placed alongside the bucket and no longer obstructed access to the reward, each elephant continued to remove the lid before retrieving the reward. Experiment 2, which involved 11 additional elephants and variations of the original design, yielded similarly counterintuitive observations. Although the results are open to alternative interpretations, they appear more consistent with associative learning than with causal reasoning. Future applications of Fabrean methodologies (J. H. Fabre, 1915) to animal cognition are proposed. | ||||
| Address | Departmetn of Interdisciplinary Studies, Wayne State University, Detroit, MI 48202, USA. moti.nissani@wayne.edu | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0097-7403 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16435969 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2763 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Vlamings, P.H.J.M.; Uher, J.; Call, J. | ||||
| Title | How the great apes (Pan troglodytes, Pongo pygmaeus, Pan paniscus, and Gorilla gorilla) perform on the reversed contingency task: the effects of food quantity and food visibility | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes | Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 60-70 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition; Conditioning (Psychology); Female; *Food; Gorilla gorilla/*psychology; *Learning; Male; Pan paniscus/*psychology; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Pongo pygmaeus/*psychology; *Visual Perception | ||||
| Abstract | S. T. Boysen and G. G. Berntson (1995) found that chimpanzees performed poorly on a reversed contingency task in which they had to point to the smaller of 2 food quantities to acquire the larger quantity. The authors compared the performance of 4 great ape species (Pan troglodytes, Pongo pygmaeus, Pan paniscus, and Gorilla gorilla) on the reversed contingency task while manipulating food quantity (0-4 or 1-4) and food visibility (visible pairs or covered pairs). Results showed no systematic species differences but large individual differences. Some individuals of each species were able to solve the reversed contingency task. Both quantity and visibility of the food items had a significant effect on performance. Subjects performed better when the disparity between quantities was smaller and the quantities were not directly visible. | ||||
| Address | Department of Developmental and Comparative Psychology, Max Planck Institute for Evolutionary Anthropology, Leipzig, Germany. p.vlamings@psychology.unimaas.nl | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0097-7403 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:16435965 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2765 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Manns, J.R.; Clark, R.E.; Squire, L.R. | ||||
| Title | Standard delay eyeblink classical conditioning is independent of awareness | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2002 | Publication | Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes | Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume | 28 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 32-37 |
| Keywords | Aged; *Awareness; *Blinking; *Conditioning, Classical; Humans | ||||
| Abstract | P. F. Lovibond and D. R. Shanks (2002) suggested that all forms of classical conditioning depend on awareness of the stimulus contingencies. This article considers the available data for eyeblink classical conditioning, including data from 2 studies (R. E. Clark, J. R. Manns, & L. R. Squire, 2001; J. R. Manns, R. E. Clark, & L. R. Squire, 2001) that were completed too recently to have been considered in their review. In addition, in response to questions raised by P. F. Lovibond and D. R. Shanks, 2 new analyses of data are presented from studies published previously. The available data from humans and experimental animals provide strong evidence that delay eyeblink classical conditioning (but not trace eyeblink classical conditioning) can be acquired and retained independently of the forebrain and independently of awareness. This conclusion applies to standard conditioning paradigms; for example, to single-cue delay conditioning when a tone is used as the conditioned stimulus (CS) and to differential delay conditioning when the positive and negative conditioned stimuli (CS+ and CS-) are a tone and white noise. | ||||
| Address | Department of Psychology, University of California, San Diego, USA | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0097-7403 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11868232 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2769 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Nakamura, K. | ||||
| Title | Perseverative errors in object discrimination learning by aged Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2001 | Publication | Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes | Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume | 27 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 345-353 |
| Keywords | Age Factors; Animals; Behavior, Animal/physiology; Cognition Disorders/*diagnosis/*physiopathology; Discrimination Learning/*physiology; Frontal Lobe/*physiopathology; Macaca; Neuropsychological Tests | ||||
| Abstract | To examine the nature of age-dependent cognitive decline, performance in terms of concurrent object discriminations was assessed in aged and nonaged Japanese monkeys (Macaca fuscata). Aged monkeys required more sessions and committed more errors than nonaged ones in the discriminations, even in simple object discriminations. Analyses of errors suggest that aged monkeys repeated the same errors and committed more errors when they chose a negative object at the 1st trial. A hypothesis analysis of behavior suggests that their incorrect choices were mainly due to object preference. Therefore, the impairment was probably caused by a failure to inhibit inappropriate responses. Together with previous neuropsychological findings, deficits of aged monkeys in the performance of object discriminations can be explained by dysfunction of the frontal cortex. | ||||
| Address | Department of Behavioral and Brain Sciences, Primate Research Institute, Kyoto University, Inuyama, Aichi 484-8506, Japan. knakamur@pri.kyoto-u.ac.jp | ||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0097-7403 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:11676085 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2771 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Domjan, M. | ||||
| Title | Selective suppression of drinking during a limited period following aversive drug treatment in rats | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1977 | Publication | Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes | Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
| Volume | 3 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 66-76 |
| Keywords | Animals; *Avoidance Learning; Awareness; Conditioning, Operant; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Drinking Behavior/*drug effects; Lithium/*poisoning; Male; Osmolar Concentration; Rats; Saccharin/administration & dosage; *Taste; Time Factors | ||||
| Abstract | Administration of lithium chloride disrupted the intake of flavored solutions but not water in rats. This intake suppression was directly related to the amount of lithium administered (Experiment 1), occurred with both palatable and unpalatable novel saccharin solutions (Experiment 2), but was only observed if subjects were tested starting less than 75 min. after lithium treatment (Experiment 3). Twenty-five daily exposures to saccharin did not attenuate the effect (Experiment 4). However, in saccharin-reared and vinegar-reared rats, lithium did not disrupt consumption of the solutions these subjects had access to throughout life, even though suppressions of intake were observed when these subjects were tested with novel flavors (Experiment 5). The selective disruption of drinking is interpreted as a novelty-dependent sensitization reaction to the discomfort of aversive drug administration. | ||||
| Address | |||||
| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
| Series Editor | Series Title | Abbreviated Series Title | |||
| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 0097-7403 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:845544 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2788 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||