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Author | Redbo, I.; Redbo-Torstensson, P.; Ödberg, F.O.; Hedendahl, A.; Holm, J. | ||||
Title | Factors affecting behavioural disturbances in race-horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Animal Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 66 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 475-481 |
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Notes | Cited By (since 1996): 30; Export Date: 21 October 2008 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4541 | ||
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Author | Shettleworth, S.J. | ||||
Title | Cognition, Evolution and Behaviour | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Abstract | Description How do animals perceive the world, learn, remember, search for food or mates, and find their way around? Do any non-human animals count, imitate one another, use a language, or think as we do? What use is cognition in nature and how might it have evolved? Historically, research on such questions has been fragmented between psychology, where the emphasis has been on theoretical models and lab experiments, and biology, where studies focus on evolution and the adaptive use of perception, learning, and decision-making in the field. Cognition, Evolution and the Study of Behavior integrates research from psychology, behavioral ecology, and ethology in a wide-ranging synthesis of theory and research about animal cognition in the broadest sense, from species-specific adaptations in fish to cognitive mapping in rats and honeybees to theories of mind for chimpanzees. As a major contribution to the emerging discipline of comparative cognition, the book is an invaluable resource for all students and researchers in psychology, zoology, behavioral neuroscience. It will also interest general readers curious about the details of how and why animals--including humans--process, retain, and use information as they do. Reviews “This book is a very comprehensive review of animal cognition. It differs from other texts on this topic in a number of ways, as outlined by Shettleworth in her preface and in the opening chapter. Essentially, Shettleworth wants to advocate an 'adaptationist or ecological approach to cognition'. In doing so, she brings together a wealth of data on animal cognition, studied from quite different theoretical viewpoints, such as cognitive ethology, animal learning theory, neuroscience, behavioural ecology and cognitive psychology. . . . Each chapter ends with a clear and useful summary, and helpful suggestions for further reading. The book's numerous illustrations, which are mostly tables or figures redrawn by Margaret Nelson, greatly add to its appeal. . . . [T]his is a marvellously rich, well-written and stimulating book. . . . I greatly enjoyed reading [and] recommend it highly to anyone interested in animal cognition, evolution and behaviour.”--Animal Behaviour “Sara Shettleworth has probably written the most comprehensive study of the animal mind ever and therefore a fundamental textbook on 'comparative cognition'. She first gets consciousness out of the way: whether an animal is conscious or not is impossible to determine, since consciousness is a private, subjective phenomenon. We can study cognition, and certainly cognition lends credibility to the idea that at least some animals must be at least to some degree conscious, but experiments can only prove facts about cognition. She reviews the field of cognitive ethology from the beginning and then analyzes the main cognitive tasks from an information-processing perspective By the end of her review of cognitive faculties, it become apparent that, at least among vertebrates, there are no significant differences in learning, except for language. All vertebrates are capable of 'associative' learning What no other vertebrate seems to be capable of is 'syntax'.” -- Piero Scaruffi, Thymos.com |
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Publisher | Oxford University Press | Place of Publication | Oxford | Editor | |
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ISSN | ISBN | 9780195110487 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4712 | ||
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Author | Yulk G. | ||||
Title | Leadership in organizations. | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Abstract | Yulk G. 1998. Leadership in organizations. Englewood Cliffs, NJ: Prentice-Hall Leadership in Organizations focuses on effective leadership in organizations through both theory and practice. This book explains and critiques the major theories and studies that are most relevant and informative and reviews what we know about leadership effectiveness. This combination of theory and practice makes this text a useful resource for practicing managers who are looking for something more than superficial answers to difficult questions about leadership. |
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Publisher | Prentice-Hall | Place of Publication | Englewood Cliffs, NJ | Editor | |
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ISSN | ISBN | 978-0138142681 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4806 | ||
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Author | Schwartz, E.B.; Granger, D.A.; Susman, E.J.; Gunnar, M.R.; Laird, B. | ||||
Title | Assessing Salivary Cortisol in Studies of Child Development | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Child Development | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 69 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1503-1513 |
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Abstract | In a series of studies, we evaluated the susceptibility of radioimmunoassays (RIA) for saliva cortisol to interference effects caused by oral stimulants used to facilitate saliva collection in studies with children. When added directly to saliva samples, oral stimulants (drink mix crystals) artificially inflated estimated cortisol concentrations. The magnitude of the interference effect was concentration-dependent and more pronounced for some stimulants and RIA procedures than for others. Analysis of samples collected using oral stimulants from child and adult participants confirmed stimulant interference as an extraneous source of variability in measured saliva cortisol. Associations between serum and saliva cortisol and between saliva cortisol and “behavioral” variables were attenuated by stimulant interference. A survey of six large child studies estimated interference effects, indexed by low sample pH, to be present in 14.7% of the 1,148 total saliva samples, or 2%-54% (M= 22%) of samples within each study. Recommendations to minimize the impact of stimluant interference in studies involving salivary cortisol in the context of child health and development are outlined. | ||||
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Publisher | Blackwell Publishing Ltd | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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ISSN | 1467-8624 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5562 | ||
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Author | Alexander, S.L.; Irvine, C.H. | ||||
Title | The effect of social stress on adrenal axis activity in horses: the importance of monitoring corticosteroid-binding globulin capacity | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Journal of Endocrinology | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 157 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 425-432 |
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Abstract | Plasma cortisol is largely bound to corticosteroid-binding globulin (CBG), which regulates its bioavailability by restricting exit from capillaries. Levels of CBG may be altered by several factors including stress and this can influence the amount of cortisol reaching cells. This study investigated the effect of social instability on plasma concentrations of CBG, total and free (not protein bound) cortisol in horses. Horses new to our research herd ('newcomers') were confined in a small yard with four dominant resident horses for 3-4 h daily for 3-4 (n = 5) or 9-14 (n = 3) days. Jugular blood was collected in the mornings from newcomers before the period of stress began ('pre-stress'), and then before each day's stress. Residents were bled before stress on the first and thirteenth day. Residents always behaved aggressively towards newcomers. By the end of the stress period, all newcomers were subordinate to residents. In newcomers (n = 8) after 3-4 days of social stress, CBG binding capacity had fallen (P = 0.0025), while free cortisol concentrations had risen (P = 0.0016) from pre-stress values. In contrast, total cortisol did not change. In residents, CBG had decreased slightly but significantly (P = 0.0162) after 12 days of stress. Residents and newcomers did not differ in pre-stress CBG binding capacity, total or free cortisol concentrations. However, by the second week of stress, CBG binding capacity was lower (P = 0.015) and free cortisol higher (P = 0.030) in newcomers (n = 3) than in residents. Total cortisol did not differ between the groups. In conclusion social stress clearly affected the adrenal axis of subordinate newcomer horses, lowering the binding capacity of CBG and raising free cortisol concentrations. However, no effect of stress could be detected when only total cortisol was measured. Therefore, to assess adrenal axis status accurately in horses, it is essential to monitor the binding capacity of CBG and free cortisol concentrations in addition to total cortisol levels. | ||||
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Notes | 10.1677/joe.0.1570425 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5844 | ||
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Author | Vetvik, H.; Grewal, H.M.S.; Haugen, I.L.; Åhrén, C.; Haneberg, B. | ||||
Title | Mucosal antibodies can be measured in air-dried samples of saliva and feces | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Journal of Immunological Methods | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 215 | Issue | 1–2 | Pages | 163-172 |
Keywords | Saliva; Feces; IgA; IgG; Air-drying | ||||
Abstract | IgA antibodies reflecting airways or intestinal mucosal immune responses can be found in saliva and feces, respectively, and IgG antibodies reflecting serum antibodies can be found in saliva. In this study, antibodies were detected in samples of saliva and feces which had been air-dried at room temperature (+20°C) or +37°C, and stored at these temperatures for up to 6 months. In saliva the antibody levels increased, while the antibodies in feces decreased upon storage. The individual IgA antibody concentrations which were adjusted by using the ratios of specific IgA/total IgA were relatively stable in both saliva and feces, and correlated with corresponding antibody levels in samples which had been stored at -20°C. The results indicate that air-dried saliva and feces can be used for semiquantitative measurements of mucosal antibodies, even after prolonged storage at high temperatures and lack of refrigeration. | ||||
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ISSN | 0022-1759 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5996 | ||
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Author | Nissen, J. | ||||
Title | Enzyklopädie der Pferderassen | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Publisher | Kosmos | Place of Publication | Stuttgart | Editor | |
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6543 | ||
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Author | Dyer, F.C. | ||||
Title | Spatial Cognition: Lessons from Central-place Foraging Insects | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Animal Cognition in Nature | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 119-154 | ||
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Abstract | Summary Spatial orientation has played an extremely important role in the development of ideas about the behavioral capacities of animals. Indeed, as the modern scientific study of animal behavior emerged from its roots in zoology and experimental psychology, studies of spatial orientation figured in the work of many of the pioneering researchers, including Tinbergen (), von ), Watson () and . | ||||
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Publisher | Academic Press | Place of Publication | London | Editor | Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil |
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ISSN | ISBN | 9780120770304 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2913 | ||
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Author | Smith, W.J. | ||||
Title | Cognitive Implications of an Information-sharing Model of Animal Communication | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Animal Cognition in Nature | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 227-243 | ||
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Abstract | Summary In social communication, one animal signals and another responds. Several cognitive steps are involved as the second animal selects its responses; these steps can be described as follows in terms of an informational model. First, the responding individual must evaluate the information made available by the signaling on the basis of other information, available from sources contextual to the signal. Second, the respondent must fit all of the relevant information into patterns generated from recall of past events (conscious recall is not generally required; pattern fitting is a fundamental skill). Third, conditional predictions must be made; and fourth, the individual must test and modify any of these predictions for which significant consequences exist. Many vertebrate animals appear to respond to signaling with considerable flexibility. Communicative events are thus complex but are by no means intractable. Indeed, communication provides us with excellent opportunities to investigate animal cognition. | ||||
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Publisher | Academic Press | Place of Publication | London | Editor | Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil |
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ISSN | ISBN | 9780120770304 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2914 | ||
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Author | Beer, C.G. | ||||
Title | Varying Views of Animal and Human Cognition | Type | Book Chapter | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Animal Cognition in Nature | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | Issue | Pages | 435-456 | ||
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Abstract | Summary In this chapter I want to stand back from the splendid empirical work on animal cognitive capacities that is the focus of this book, and look at the broader context of cognitive concerns within which the work can be viewed. Indeed even the term `cognitive ethology' currently connotes and denotes more than is represented here, as other collections of articles, such as and , exemplify. I include the current descendants of behavioristic learning theory, evolutionary epistemology, evolutionary psychology and the recent comparative turn that has been taken in cognitive science. These several approaches, despite their considerable overlap, often appear independent and even ignorant of one another. Like the proverbial blind men feeling the hide of an elephant, they touch hands from time to time, yet collectively have only a piecemeal and distributed understanding of the shape of the whole. Although each approach may indeed need the space to work out its own conceptual and methodological preoccupations without confounding interference from other views, a utopian spirit envisages an ultimate coming together, a more comprehensive realization of the synthetic approach to animal cognition that is this book's theme. | ||||
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Publisher | Academic Press | Place of Publication | London | Editor | Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil |
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ISSN | ISBN | 9780120770304 | Medium | ||
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Notes | Approved | no | |||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2915 | ||
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