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| Author | Johnsson, J.I.; Akerman, A. | ||||
| Title | Watch and learn: preview of the fighting ability of opponents alters contest behaviour in rainbow trout | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal  |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 56 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 771-776 |
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| Abstract | The costs associated with initial conflicts could be reduced if animals can assess the fighting ability of possible future opponents by watching their contest success against other individuals. We tested this hypothesis by conducting repeated dyadic dominance trials on size-matched juvenile rainbow trout,Oncorhynchus mykiss. In the first trial a dyadic contest was `observed' by a single fish separated by a transparent divider. In the second trial, the observer was paired against either the `familiar' dominant fish or an unfamiliar dominant fish from the first trial. We predicted that observers should settle conflicts with previewed opponents faster and with less aggression than those with unfamiliar fish. This prediction was supported for observers that lost against a previewed competitor, since these fish reduced their aggression more rapidly than did unfamiliar observers. Familiar observers that won, however, showed a more rapid increase in aggression compared with unfamiliar winning observers. This suggests that, regardless of whether an observer challenges the initial dominant, this `decision' is taken more rapidly in conflicts with preassessed contestants, because of the a priori information about their fighting ability. Since preassessment could save energy and allow effort to be concentrated on contests with a high payoff/probability of winning, selection may favour preview strategies when contest competition over resources is important for fitness. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2869 | ||
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| Author | Pavey, C.R.; Smyth, A.K. | ||||
| Title | Effects of avian mobbing on roost use and diet of powerful owls,Ninox strenua | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 55 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 313-318 |
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| Abstract | We observed the species and numbers of mobbing birds and their effects on a large, nocturnal, bird-eating predator, the powerful owl, together with the pattern of owl predation on mobbing and non-mobbing species. Owls were mobbed on 35 occasions by seven of 44 species of forest birds at a site composed of open forest (88% by area) and rainforest (12%). The majority of bouts involved individuals of a single species, although mixed groups were observed on nine occasions. Regular mobbers were between 4 and 26% of the owls' body weight. Owls abandoned their daytime roosts during 20% of bouts and responded by calling or actively monitoring mobbers during 54% of bouts. Mobbing appeared to explain why owls roosted in rainforest significantly more often than expected by its availability, mobbing being significantly less frequent in rainforest than in open forest. Only one mobbing species regularly occupied rainforest and the canopy of roosts in rainforest was denser than that in open forest, thus reducing the chances of an owl being detected by potential mobbers. Twelve species of forest birds were within the range of prey size of the powerful owl (75-800 g): six were mobbers and six non-mobbers. The frequency of owl predation on non-mobbers was 8.75 times that on mobbers. The species in this study took a high risk by mobbing a very large predator, but benefited by greatly reducing their chances of predation. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4090 | ||
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| Author | Henzi, S.P.; Lycett, J.E.; Weingrill, T. | ||||
| Title | Mate guarding and risk assessment by male mountain baboons during inter-troop encounters | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 55 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1421-1428 |
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| Abstract | Aggressive herding of females is a frequent but not invariant response by male savannah baboons,Papio cynocephalus, to encounters with other troops. While males in some troops are consistently more likely to herd than those in others, not all inter-troop encounters result in herding, even within particular troops. This suggests that males assess the risk of male invasion posed by each encounter and respond accordingly. We used data from baboon troops in the Drakensberg mountains to determine the rules males follow in deciding whether to herd. Consistent differences between troops were explained only by the adult sex ratio. Males were more likely to herd if the sex ratio of their own troop was female biased, a finding that is concordant with the observation that males are more likely to immigrate into troops where the sex ratio is more female biased than the population average. Differences within troops were a consequence only of encounter distance, with herding being more likely at closer distances. We found a negative correlation between the angle of approach to the other troop and the subsequent angle of deflection. We interpret this to mean that herding functions to increase the distance between the interacting troops, thereby curtailing opportunities for strange males to inspect the troop and determine its sex ratio. In this way, possibly unlike those in other populations, the decision rules of these male baboons are geared to protecting longer-term reproductive prospects. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5311 | ||
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| Author | Oakenfull, E.A.; Ryder, O.A. | ||||
| Title | Mitochondrial control region and 12S rRNA variation in Przewalski's horse (Equus przewalskii) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Animal Genetics | Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Genet |
| Volume | 29 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 456-459 |
| Keywords | Animals; DNA, Mitochondrial/*genetics; Female; *Genetic Variation; Horses/*genetics; Male; Pedigree; RNA, Ribosomal/*genetics | ||||
| Abstract | Variation in the control region and the 12S rRNA gene of all surviving mitochondrial lineages of Przewalski's horse was investigated. Variation is low despite the present day population being descended from 13 individuals probably representing animals from three different regions of its range. Phylogenetic comparison of these sequences, with sequences for the domestic horse, does not resolve the ancestral status of either horse. | ||||
| Address | Center for Reproduction of Endangered Species, Zoological Society of San Diego, CA 92112, USA | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0268-9146 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | PMID:9883508 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5040 | ||
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| Author | Schnall, Simone; Gattis,Merideth | ||||
| Title | Transitive Inference by Visual Reasoning | Type | Conference Volume | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Proceedings of the Twentieth Annual Conference of the Cognitive Science Society | Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume | Issue | Pages | 929-934 | ||
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| Abstract | Two experiments are reported that investigated the influence of linear spatial organization on transitive inference performance. Reward/no-reward relations between overlapping pairs of elements were presented in a context of linear spatial order or random spatial order. Participants in the linear arrangement condition showed evidence for visual reasoning: They systematically mapped spatial relations to conceptual relation and used the spatial relations to make inferences on a reasoning task in a new spatial context. We suggest that linear ordering may be a “good figure”, by constituting a parsimonious representation for the integration of premises, as well as for the inferencing process. The late emergence of transitive inference in children may be the result of limited cognitive capacity, which --unless an external spatial array is available --constrains the construction of an internal spatial array. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 610 | ||
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| Author | Schnitzer, U. | ||||
| Title | Grundsätze der Gymnastizierung des Reitpferdes | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume | Issue | Pages | 16 | ||
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| Language | Deutsch | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Reiten Lesen Denken @ eberhardhuebener @ | Serial | 1064 | ||
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| Author | Bürger, U. | ||||
| Title | The Way to perfect Horsemanship | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume | Issue | Pages | 254 | ||
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| Abstract | The Way to Perfect Horsemanship is an outstanding work in the vast literature devoted to horsemanship. It provides, for the first time, a clear insight into the psychological makeup of the horse, its muscular system, the mechanics of its movement, and the aids to human-to-horse communication. Udo Burger presents his philosophy of riding in a scientific manner, asserting that no one can no more learn to ride without a knowledge of horse physiology and psychology than one can learn the art of medecine without a background in health and disease. He clearly explains what one should feel and do on horseback--ultimately, as if one is part of the horse, completely united with it in all of its movements. Anyone with a genuine empathy for horses--wether teacher, trainer, competitor, or occasional rider--will benefit enormously from reading this classic work on horsemanship. The late Udo Burger was an accomplished horseman and one of Germany's most esteemed equine veterinarians. | ||||
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| Publisher | Trafalgar Square Publishing | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | ISBN | 978-1570761294 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | 1st English cased ed edition (October 1, 1998) | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Reiten Lesen Denken @ eberhardhuebener @ | Serial | 1594 | ||
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| Author | Bouman, I. | ||||
| Title | The reintroduction of Przewalski horses in the Hustain Nuruu Mountain Forest Steppe Reserve in Mongolia | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Mededelingen: Netherlands Commission for International Nature Protection | Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume | 32 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2241 | ||
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| Author | Kamil, A.C. | ||||
| Title | On the Proper Definition of Cognitive Ethology | Type | Book Chapter | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Animal Cognition in Nature | Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume | Issue | Pages | 1-28 | ||
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| Abstract | Summary The last 20-30 years have seen two `scientific revolutions' in the study of animal behavior: the cognitive revolution that originated in psychology, and the Darwinian, behavioral ecology revolution that originated in biology. Among psychologists, the cognitive revolution has had enormous impact. Similarly, among biologists, the Darwinian revolution has had enormous impact. The major theme of this chapter is that these two scientific research programs need to be combined into a single approach, simultaneously cognitive and Darwinian, and that this single approach is most appropriately called cognitive ethology. | ||||
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| Publisher | Academic Press | Place of Publication | London | Editor | Russell P. Balda; Irene M. Pepperberg; Alan C. Kamil |
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| ISSN | ISBN | 9780120770304 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4202 | ||
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| Author | Müller-Wohlfahrt, H.W.; Kübler,U.; Müller- Wohlfahrt, H. W. | ||||
| Title | Hundert Prozent fit und gesund. Das Geheimnis des gesunden Menschen. | Type | Book Whole | ||
| Year | 1998 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal |
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| Publisher | Heyne | Place of Publication | München | Editor | |
| Language | German | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | ISBN | 9783453132733 | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4446 | ||
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