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Author Lee, P.C.
Title Innovation as a behavioural response to environmental challenges Type Book Chapter
Year 2003 Publication Animal Innovation Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume Issue Pages 261-279
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Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6534
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Author Lee, P.C.; de Antonio, C. A.
Title Necessity, unpredictability and opportunity: An exploration of ecological and social drivers of behavioral innovation. Type Journal Article
Year 2015 Publication Animal Creativity and Innovation Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume Issue Pages 317- 333
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Publisher Elsevier Place of Publication Cambridge Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6535
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Author Laland, K. N.; van Bergen, Y
Title Experimental studies of innovation in the guppy Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Animal Innovation Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume Issue Pages 155-174
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Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Ox Editor S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6537
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Author Greenberg, R.
Title The role of neophobia and neophilia in the development of innovative behavour in birds Type Book Chapter
Year 2003 Publication Animal Innovation Abbreviated Journal (up)
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Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor S. M. Reader and K. N. Laland
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ISSN ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6547
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Author Reader, S. M.; MacDonald, K.
Title Environmental variability and primate behavioural flexibiity Type Book Chapter
Year 2003 Publication Animal Innovation Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume Issue Pages 83-116
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Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor Reader, S. M.; Laland, K. L.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6548
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Author Stomp, M.; d'Ingeo, S.; Henry, S.; Cousillas, H.; Hausberger, M.
Title Brain activity reflects (chronic) welfare state: Evidence from individual electroencephalography profiles in an animal model Type Journal Article
Year 2021 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume 236 Issue Pages 105271
Keywords Laterality; Electroencephalography; Theta wave; Welfare; Horses
Abstract Assessing the animal welfare state is a challenge given the subjective individual cognitive and emotional processing involved. Electroencephalography (EEG) spectrum analysis has proved an ecologically valid recording situation to assess the link between brain processes and affective or cognitive states in humans: a higher slow wave/fast wave ratio has been associated with a positive internal state. In particular, a high production of theta power (3-8 Hz) has been related to positive emotions. On the other hand, it has been hypothesized that a left hemisphere (LH) dominance may be associated with a better welfare state. Here, we test the hypothesis that individual differences in the resting-state quantitative EEG power spectrum of adult horses (N = 18) and its lateralization pattern may reflect individual subjective perception of their conditions of life and welfare state. The results show clear individual differences in the proportions of the different waves and their inter-hemispheric distribution. Three different EEG power spectrum profiles were highlighted, from a bilateral predominance of theta waves in horses in a more positive welfare state to a bilateral predominance of beta waves in horses with clear expressions of compromised welfare. Interestingly, particular correlations were found between wave power activity and welfare parameters. We found a negative correlation between the number of stereotypic behaviours per hour and the median proportion of theta waves in the left hemisphere. and between the overall state (total chronic stress score) of welfare and gamma production in the right hemisphere (RH). These findings go along the hypothesis of a particular involvement of the left hemisphere for positive processing and of the right hemisphere for negative processing. However, the pattern of laterality did not appear as the most important feature here as both extreme clusters in terms of welfare showed bilateral predominance of one wave type. It is possible that hemispheric specialization makes more sense during acute emotion-inducing conditions rather than in this resting-state context (i.e. in absence of any high emotion-inducing stimulation), although the opposition gamma versus theta waves between both hemispheres in the horses with an intermediate welfare state is noticeable and intriguing. It seems that bilateral but also LH theta activity is a promising neurophysiological marker of good welfare in horses, while a bilateral or RH high production of gamma waves should alert about potential welfare alterations. Quantitative resting-state EEG power spectrum appears as a highly promising tool for exploring the brain processes involved in the subjective perception of chronic welfare, as a useful complementary tool for welfare assessment.
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ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6629
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Author Visser, E.K.; Ellis, A.D.; Van Reenen, C.G.
Title The effect of two different housing conditions on the welfare of young horses stabled for the first time Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume 114 Issue 3 Pages 521-533
Keywords Horse; Welfare; Stabling; Housing; HPA axis; Novel Object test
Abstract The effect of stabling for the first time on the behaviour and welfare of young and naïve horses has not yet been studied in detail. In this study we examined the effect of two typical housing systems on their subsequent behavioural and physiological responses upon first time stabling. Thirty-six 2-year-old Dutch warmbloods, 18 geldings and 18 mares were included in the study. Half of the horses were stabled in individual stables (10.5m2) and the other half in pair housing (48m2 for two horses). The study lasted 12 weeks. At the end of the study the physiological and temperamental responses of the horses on the different treatments was tested using a CRF challenge test (to test the HPA-axis function) and a Novel Object test (to test temperamental differences) respectively. Especially in the first week after stabling pair housed horses spent more time eating whereas individually housed horses spent more time either standing vigilant or sleeping. Stress-related behaviours like neighing, pawing, nibbling and snorting were all displayed significantly more frequently in the individually housed horses (P<0.01). At the end of the study 67% of the individually housed horses was seen performing one or more stereotypies (P<0.01). The cortisol response and ACTH response on the CRF challenge test were lower for horses in the individually housed boxes. It is suggested that this depression in socially isolated animals is caused by a desensitisation of the HPA axis in response to stress-induced elevations in ACTH and cortisol. In general there was no effect of the treatment on the reactivity of the horses during the Novel Object test. However, there were significant relations between the responses of horses in the Novel Object test and in the stable environment. It is concluded that sudden isolated stabling is stressful to young and naïve horses, resulting in a high prevalence of stereotypies and abnormal behaviours. This study also provided some support for the notion that social stress in horses may be associated with a blunted adrenocortical response to CRF challenge. The finding that responses of horses to a behavioural test are correlated with home environment behaviours suggests that individual horses exhibit consistent behavioural traits across different contexts, and opens the possibility of using behavioural tests in horses to predict more general underlying behavioural characteristics.
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ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6630
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Author Hunt, G.R.; Gray R.D.; Taylor, A.H.
Title Why is tool use rare in animals? Type Book Whole
Year 2013 Publication Tool Use in Animals: Cognition and Ecology Abbreviated Journal (up)
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Publisher Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Cambridge, MA. Editor anz C, Call J, Boesch C
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6658
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Author Carson, K.; Wood-Gush, D.G.M.
Title Equine behaviour: I. A review of the literature on social and dam--Foal behaviour Type Journal Article
Year 1983 Publication Applied Animal Ethology Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume 10 Issue 3 Pages 165-178
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Abstract In most cases, the social organisation of each of the seven species of Equidae existing today outside captivity is either territorial or non-territorial. The striking differences found between these two types of organisation in the social grouping and bonds, mating behaviour, leadership and dominance hierarchies of the animals are examined. It is thought that the non-territorial species show a less primitive type of organisation than the territorial animals. Infant Equidae are precocious animals and are able to follow their dams soon after birth. They stay close by their dams and travel with the herd from an early age and are therefore classified as “followers”, in contrast to the species which have a period of hiding after birth. Dams recognise their foals immediately after birth, whereas it takes 2 or 3 days for a foal to form an attachment to its dam. Being in close proximity to their dams, foals are able to nurse frequently and, unless artificially weaned, a foal will nurse until its dam foals again. Foals start to graze during their first week and as they grow older they spend more time grazing and less time nursing and resting. It is normal for foals to be corprophagic until one month old, and this provides them with bacteria essential for the digestion of fibre. Play behaviour is solitary in very young foals, but after 4 weeks of age, foals play together, with male foals playing more than females and showing more aggressive, fighting movements in play.
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ISSN 0304-3762 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6671
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Author Crowell-Davis, S.L.
Title Spatial relations between mares and foals of the Welsh pony (Equus caballus) Type Journal Article
Year 1986 Publication Animal Behaviour Abbreviated Journal (up) Anim Beh
Volume 34 Issue 4 Pages 1007-1015
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Abstract Welsh pony mares and foals (Equus caballus) were usually found to be within 1 or 5 m of each other during the first week of the foal's life and gradually spent more time at greater distances as the foals became older. There was an overall levelling of the trend during the 9th-15th weeks of life of the foal, followed by a second period of change during weeks 16-24. Through weeks 21-24, mares and foals spent at least half of their time within 5 m of each other. Proximity was primarily due to foal activity except during foal recumbency. During the first 8 weeks of the foal's life, a mare remained close by when it was recumbent, either by grazing in a circle around it or by standing upright beside it. Mares and foals were most likely to be close together when they were resting upright with the other ponies in the herd and most likely to be far apart when the foal was playing. Similarities in patterns of spatial relationship between the foals of a given mare were demonstrated. There was no difference between colts and filies in the development of independence.
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ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6505
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