Records |
Author |
Reinhardt, I.; Kluth, G.; Nowak, C.; Szentiks, C.A.; Krone, O.; Ansorge, H.; Mueller, T. |
Title |
Military training areas facilitate the recolonization of wolves in Germany |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2019 |
Publication |
Conservation Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Conservation Letters |
Volume |
12 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
e12635 |
Keywords |
Canis lupus; large carnivores; population growth; protected areas; recolonization |
Abstract |
Abstract Wolves (Canis lupus) are currently showing a remarkable comeback in the highly fragmented cultural landscapes of Germany. We here show that wolf numbers increased exponentially between 2000 and 2015 with an annual increase of about 36%. We demonstrate that the first territories in each newly colonized region were established over long distances from the nearest known reproducing pack on active military training areas (MTAs). We show that MTAs, rather than protected areas, served as stepping-stones for the recolonization of Germany facilitating subsequent spreading of wolf territories in the surrounding landscape. We did not find any significant difference between MTAs and protected areas with regard to habitat. One possible reason for the importance of MTAs may be their lower anthropogenic mortality rates compared to protected and other areas. To our knowledge, this is the first documented case where MTAs facilitate the recolonization of an endangered species across large areas. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |
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1755-263x |
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https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12635 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6676 |
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Author |
López-Bao, J.V.; Sazatornil, V.; Llaneza, L.; Rodríguez, A. |
Title |
Indirect Effects on Heathland Conservation and Wolf Persistence of Contradictory Policies that Threaten Traditional Free-Ranging Horse Husbandry |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Conservation Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Conservation Letters |
Volume |
6 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
448-455 |
Keywords |
Farmland biodiversity; heathlands; integration of environmental policies; management of livestock carcasses; traditional land uses; wolf conservation |
Abstract |
Abstract Conservation agencies within the European Union promote the restoration of traditional land uses as a cost-effective way to preserve biodiversity outside reserves. Although the European Union pursues the integration of the environment into strategic decision-making, it also dictates sectoral policies that may damage farmland biodiversity. We illustrate this point by outlining the socioeconomic factors that allow the persistence of traditional free-ranging horse husbandry in Galicia, northwestern Spain. Free-ranging Galician mountain ponies provide ecological and socioeconomic services including the prevention of forest fires, the maintenance of heathlands and wolves, and the attenuation of wolf-human conflicts. This traditional livestock system may have persisted because it entails negligible costs for farmers. Wolf predation upon Galician mountain ponies does not threaten farmer's economies and seems to be tolerated better than attacks to more valuable stock. Recently, European Union's regulations on animal welfare, carcass management, or meat production put new economic and administrative burdens on farmers, make free-ranging horse rearing economically unsustainable, and incentivize its abandonment. The aim of the European Union to integrate environmental policies may be successful to preserve farmland biodiversity only through careful anticipation of the side effects of apparently unrelated regulations on the fragile equilibrium that sustain traditional land uses. |
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John Wiley & Sons, Ltd |
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1755-263x |
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https://doi.org/10.1111/conl.12014 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6685 |
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Author |
Solmsen, E.-H.; Bathen, M.; Grüntjens, T.; Hempel, E.; Klose, M.; Krüger, K.; Martin, H.; Meyer, A.; Schütte, P.; Vogel, L.; Wiezorek, S.; Wittor, B. |
Title |
Protecting horses against wolves in Germany |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2021 |
Publication |
Carnivore Damage Prevention News |
Abbreviated Journal |
CPDnews |
Volume |
23 |
Issue |
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Pages |
12-19 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6661 |
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Author |
Wallner, B.; Palmieri, N.; Vogl, C.; Rigler, D.; Bozlak, E.; Druml, T.; Jagannathan, V.; Leeb, T.; Fries, R.; Tetens, J.; Thaller, G.; Metzger, J.; Distl, O.; Lindgren, G.; Rubin, C.-J.; Andersson, L.; Schaefer, R.; McCue, M.; Neuditschko, M.; Rieder, S.; Schlötterer, C.; Brem, G. |
Title |
Y Chromosome Uncovers the Recent Oriental Origin of Modern Stallions |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Current Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Current Biology |
Volume |
27 |
Issue |
13 |
Pages |
2029-2035.e5 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
The Y chromosome directly reflects male genealogies, but the extremely low Y chromosome sequence diversity in horses has prevented the reconstruction of stallion genealogies [1, 2]. Here, we resolve the first Y chromosome genealogy of modern horses by screening 1.46 Mb of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) in 52 horses from 21 breeds. Based on highly accurate pedigree data, we estimated the de novo mutation rate of the horse MSY and showed that various modern horse Y chromosome lineages split much later than the domestication of the species. Apart from few private northern European haplotypes, all modern horse breeds clustered together in a roughly 700-year-old haplogroup that was transmitted to Europe by the import of Oriental stallions. The Oriental horse group consisted of two major subclades: the Original Arabian lineage and the Turkoman horse lineage. We show that the English Thoroughbred MSY was derived from the Turkoman lineage and that English Thoroughbred sires are largely responsible for the predominance of this haplotype in modern horses. |
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Elsevier |
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0960-9822 |
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doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.086 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6669 |
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Author |
Dyson, S. |
Title |
The Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Education |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet Educ |
Volume |
34 |
Issue |
7 |
Pages |
372-380 |
Keywords |
horse; lameness; canter; behaviour; saddle-fit; rider skill |
Abstract |
Summary The Ridden Horse Pain Ethogram (RHpE) comprises 24 behaviours, the majority of which are at least 10 times more likely to be seen in lame horses compared with non-lame horses. The observation of >=8/24 behaviours is likely to reflect the presence of musculoskeletal pain, although some lame horses score <8/24 behaviours. A marked reduction in RHpE scores after resolution of lameness using diagnostic anaesthesia proves a causal relationship between pain and RHpE scores. Horses should be assessed for approximately 10?min in walk, trot (including 10?m diameter circles), canter and transitions. The validity of the RHpE has been verified for use in horses which perform dressage-type movements, and which have been trained to work with the front of the head in a vertical position. It has not, as yet, been used in horses while jumping, racehorses, western performance or endurance horses. The RHpE provides a valuable tool for riders, trainers, veterinarians and other equine professionals to recognise the presence of musculoskeletal pain, even if overt lameness cannot be recognised. Riders with a higher skill-level may improve gait quality, but cannot obscure behavioural signs of pain, although specific behaviours may change. Tight saddle tree points, the rider sitting on the caudal third of the saddle and rider weight may influence RHpE scores. Accurate application of the RHpE requires training and practice. The RHpE is a powerful tool for the assessment of ridden horses and the identification of likely musculoskeletal pain. Such pain merits further investigation and treatment, to improve equine welfare and performance. The RHpE provides an additional means of evaluating the response to diagnostic anaesthesia. It provides a mechanism for client education and a diplomatic way of communicating with clients about equine discomfort related to saddle-fit, rider size, their position in the saddle and ability to ride in balance. |
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American Medical Association (AMA) |
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ISSN |
0957-7734 |
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https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.13468 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6693 |
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Author |
Gleerup, K.B.; Lindegaard, C. |
Title |
Recognition and quantification of pain in horses: A tutorial review |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Education |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Vet Educ |
Volume |
28 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
47-57 |
Keywords |
horse; pain evaluation; pain scale; pain behaviour; pain face |
Abstract |
Summary Pain management is dependent on the quality of the pain evaluation. Ideally, pain evaluation is objective, pain-specific and easily incorporated into a busy equine clinic. This paper reviews the existing knowledge base regarding the identification and quantification of pain in horses. Behavioural indicators of pain in horses in the context of normal equine behaviour, as well as various physiological parameters potentially useful for pain evaluation, are discussed. Areas where knowledge is sparse are identified and a new equine pain scale based on results from all reviewed papers is proposed. Finally, the most important considerations in relation to the implementation of a pain scale in a hospital setting are discussed. |
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American Medical Association (AMA) |
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0957-7734 |
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https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.12383 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6705 |
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Author |
Morgan, K.; Funkquist, P.; Nyman, G. |
Title |
The effect of coat clipping on thermoregulation during intense exercise in trotters |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Volume |
34 |
Issue |
S34 |
Pages |
564-567 |
Keywords |
horse; thermoregulation; heat loss; recovery; blood temperature; oxygen uptake |
Abstract |
Summary The aim of this study was to study the physiological, especially thermoregulatory, responses during intense exercise in the clipped horse compared to the horse with winter coat. Six Standardbred trotters were studied before and after clipping. They performed an inclined incremental high intensity treadmill exercise test and were monitored during recovery. The clipped horse differed significantly (ANOVA) during exercise as compare to coated: less increase in central venous blood temperature, higher skin surface temperature, greater difference skin to ambient temperature and higher rate of nonevaporative heat loss. The clipped horse had significantly lower total cutaneous evaporative heat loss from walk to end of peak exercise and a shorter time for recovery for the respiratory rate using a paired t test. The clipped horse showed a tendency (P = 0.059) to decreased oxygen uptake during the stepwise increase in workload. We concluded that the clipped horse experienced less strain on the thermoregulatory system due to an enhanced heat loss. Some clipped horses in the study showed a more efficient power output; future studies with emphasis on respiration and oxygen demand are needed to explain this. |
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American Medical Association (AMA) |
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0425-1644 |
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doi: 10.1111/j.2042-3306.2002.tb05484.x |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6614 |
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Author |
Goodwin, D. |
Title |
The importance of ethology in understanding the behaviour of the horse |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1999 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Volume |
31 |
Issue |
S28 |
Pages |
15-19 |
Keywords |
horse; behaviour; domestication; interspecific communication |
Abstract |
Summary Domestication has provided the horse with food, shelter, veterinary care and protection, allowing individuals an increased chance of survival. However, the restriction of movement, limited breeding opportunities and a requirement to expend energy, for the benefit of another species, conflict with the evolutionary processes which shaped the behaviour of its predecessors. The behaviour of the horse is defined by its niche as a social prey species but many of the traits which ensured the survival of its ancestors are difficult to accommodate in the domestic environment. There has been a long association between horses and man and many features of equine behaviour suggest a predisposition to interspecific cooperation. However, the importance of dominance in human understanding of social systems has tended to overemphasise its importance in the human-horse relationship. The evolving horse-human relationship from predation to companionship, has resulted in serial conflicts of interest for equine and human participants. Only by understanding the nature and origin of these conflicts can ethologists encourage equine management practices which minimise deleterious effects on the behaviour of the horse. |
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American Medical Association (AMA) |
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0425-1644 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6714 |
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Author |
Davies, H.M.S.; Merritt, J.S. |
Title |
Surface strains around the midshaft of the third metacarpal bone during turning |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Volume |
36 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
689-692 |
Keywords |
horse; exercise; strain; third metacarpal bone; turns |
Abstract |
Summary Reasons for performing study: Bone strains quantify skeletal effects of specific exercise and hence assist in designing training programmes to avoid bone injury. Objective: To test whether compressive strains increase on the lateral surface of the inside third metacarpal bone (McIII) and the medial surface of the outside McIII in a turn. Methods: Rosette strain gauges on dorsal, medial and lateral surfaces of the midshaft of the left McIII in 2 Thoroughbred geldings were recorded simultaneously during turning at the walk on a bitumen surface. Results: Medial surface: Compression peaks were larger in the outside limb. Tension peaks were larger in the inside limb and in a tighter turn. On the lateral surface compression and tension peaks were larger on the inside limb, which showed the largest recorded strains (compression of -1400 microstrains). Dorsal compression strains were larger on the outside limb and on a larger circle. Tensile strains were similar in both directions and larger on a larger circle. Conclusions: Compressive strains increased on the lateral surface of the inside McIII and medial surface of the outside McIII in a turn. Potential relevance: Slow-speed turning exercise may be sufficient to maintain bone mechanical characteristics in the inside limb lateral McIII cortex. Further work is needed to confirm these findings and to determine whether faster gaits and/or tighter turns are sufficient to cause bone modelling levels of strain in the medial and lateral McIII cortex. |
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American Medical Association (AMA) |
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0425-1644 |
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no |
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6715 |
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Author |
Drevemo, S.; Fredricson, I.; Hjertén, G.; McMIKEN, D. |
Title |
Early development of gait asymmetries in trotting Standardbred colts |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Equine Veterinary Journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Equine. Vet. J. |
Volume |
19 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
189-191 |
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Abstract |
Summary Ten trotting Standardbred colts were recorded by high-speed cinematography at the ages of eight, 12 and 18 months. The horses were trotting on a treadmill operating at 4.0 m/secs. Five horses were subjected to a programme of intensified training from eight months of age, whereas the others were not trained and acted as controls. The films were analysed on a semi-automatic film-reading equipment and a number of variables used to demonstrate the gait symmetry were calculated and scaled by computer. Certain differences between left and right diagonal and contralateral pair of limbs, respectively, were noted, suggesting that laterality in horses may be inherited. The most pronounced systematic differences were found in 18-month old horses in the trained group. The results show the importance of careful gait examination and comprehensive coordination training at an early age. |
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American Medical Association (AMA) |
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0425-1644 |
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https://doi.org/10.1111/j.2042-3306.1987.tb01373.x |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6702 |
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