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Author Stutz, W.A.; Topliff, D.R.; Freeman, D.W.; Tucker, W.B.; Breazile, J.W.; Wall, D.L. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Effects of dietary cation-anion balance on blood parameters in exercising horses Type Journal Article
  Year 1992 Publication Journal of Equine Veterinary Science Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 12 Issue 3 Pages 164-167  
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  Abstract Summary Four geldings and four mares of primarily Thoroughbred and Quarter Horse breeding were used in simultaneous 4x4 Latin square experiments to test the effects of dietary cation-anion balance (DCAB), defined as meq ((Na+K)-C1)/kg diet dry matter, on blood pH, blood gases, acid-base status and plasma glucose in horses at rest and following anaerobic exercise. Four diets, consisting of a base concentrate of corn, soybean meal and cottonseed hulls fed in a 60:40 ratio with Bermudagrass hay, were formulated to provide a DCAB of 5 (L=Low), 107 (ML=Medium Low), 201 (MH=Medium High) and 327 (H=High) meq ((Na+K)-C1)/kg diet dry matter. Calcium chloride and ammonium chloride were added to treatment L and ML and sodium bicarbonate and potassium citrate were added to treatment H to achieve the desired cation-anion balance. Treatment MH was not supplemented and served as the control treatment. Prior to the experiment, horses performed six weeks of long, slow, distance (LSD) work. During the experimental periods, horses were subjected to an exercise regimen alternating LSD with an interval training protocol 6 days/week. Venous blood pH, pCO2 and bicarbonate levels were significantly lower in horses at rest consuming diet L versus diets MH and H. Blood pH and acid-base parameters decreased with decreasing DCAB. There were no significant differences in blood pH or acid-base parameters between treatments, after anaerobic exercise. Plasma glucose concentrations for treatment L were significantly lower than treatment H at 10, 20, and 30 minutes post-exercise. These data suggest that DCAB has significant effect on acid-base status and indicate that horses consuming diets with low DCAB may experience a metabolic acidosis.  
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  ISSN 0737-0806 ISBN Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4834  
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Author Dugatkin, L.A.; Mesterton-Gibbons, M.; Houston, A.I. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Beyond the prisoner's dilemma: Toward models to discriminate among mechanisms of cooperation in nature Type Journal Article
  Year 1992 Publication Trends Evol. Ecol. Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 7 Issue Pages 202-205  
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  Abstract The iterated prisoner's dilemma game, or IPD, has now established itself as the orthodox paradigm for theoretical investigations of the evolution of cooperation; but its scope is restricted to reciprocity, which is only one of three categories of cooperation among unrelated individuals. Even within that category, a cooperative encounter has in general three phases, and the IPD has nothing to say about two of them. To distinguish among mechanisms of cooperation in nature, future theoretical work on the evolution of cooperation must distance itself from economics and develop games as a refinement of ethology's comparative approach.  
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  Notes 10.1016/0169-5347(92)90074-L Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4843  
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Author de Waal, F. B. M. openurl 
  Title Coalitions as part of reciprocal relations in the Arnhem chimpanzee colony Type Book Chapter
  Year 1992 Publication Coalitions and Alliances in Humans and Other Animals Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages 233-257  
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  Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor Harcourt, A.H.; de Waal, F.B.M.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4877  
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Author Boyd, R.; Richerson, P.J. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Punishment allows the evolution of cooperation (or anything else) in sizable groups Type Journal Article
  Year 1992 Publication Ethol. Sociobiol. Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume 13 Issue Pages 171-195  
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  Abstract Existing models suggest that reciprocity is unlikely to evolve in large groups as a result of natural selection. In these models, reciprocators punish noncooperation by with-holding future cooperation, and thus also penalize other cooperators in the group. Here, we analyze a model in which the response is some form of punishment that is directed solely at noncooperators. We refer to such alternative forms of punishment as retribution. We show that cooperation enforced by retribution can lead to the evolution of cooperation in two qualitatively different ways. (1) If benefits of cooperation to an individual are greater than the costs to a single individual of coercing the other n − 1 individuals to cooperate, then strategies which cooperate and punish noncooperators, strategies which cooperate only if punished, and, sometimes, strategies which cooperate but do not punish will coexist in the long run. (2) If the costs of being punished are large enough, moralistic strategies which cooperate, punish noncooperators, and punish those who do not punish noncooperators can be evolutionarily stable. We also show, however, that moralistic strategies can cause any individually costly behavior to be evolutionarily stable, whether or not it creates a group benefit.  
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  Notes 10.1016/0162-3095(92)90032-Y Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4913  
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Author Ehardt, C.L.; Bernstein, I.S. openurl 
  Title Conflict intervention behaviour by adult male macaques: structural and functional aspects Type Book Chapter
  Year 1992 Publication Coalitions and Alliances in Humans and Other Animals Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages 83-111  
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  Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor Harcourt, A.H.; de Waal, F.B.M.  
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  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4926  
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Author Schneider, K. isbn  openurl
  Title Emotionen Type Book Chapter
  Year 1992 Publication Allgemeine Psychologie Abbreviated Journal (up)  
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  Publisher Verlag Hans Huber Place of Publication Bern Editor Spada Hans  
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  ISSN ISBN 3456823029 Medium  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5070  
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Author Zabel, C. J.; Glickman, S. E.; Frank, L. G.; Woodmansee, K. B.; Keppel, G. openurl 
  Title Coalition formation in a colony of prepubertal spotted hyaenas Type Book Chapter
  Year 1992 Publication Coalitions and Alliances in Humans and Other Animals Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages 113–135  
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  Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor Harcourt, A.H.; de Waal, F.B.M.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5232  
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Author Silk, J. B. openurl 
  Title Patterns of intervention in agonistic contests among male bonnet macaques Type Book Chapter
  Year 1992 Publication Coalitions and Alliances in Humans and Other Animals Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages 215-232  
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  Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor Harcourt, A.H., and de Waal, F.B.M.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5234  
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Author Connor, R. C.; Smokler, R. A.; Richards, A. F. openurl 
  Title Dolphin alliances and coalitions Type Book Chapter
  Year 1992 Publication Coalitions and Alliances in Humans and Other Animals Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages 415-443  
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  Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor Harcourt, A.H.;de Waal, F.B.M.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5238  
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Author Noë, R. openurl 
  Title Alliance formation among male hamadryas baboons: shopping for profitable partners Type Book Chapter
  Year 1992 Publication Coalitions and alliances in humans and other animals Abbreviated Journal (up)  
  Volume Issue Pages 284-321  
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  Publisher Oxford University Press Place of Publication Oxford Editor Harcourt, A.H.; deWaal, F.B.M.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5405  
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