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Author |
Hunte, W.; Horrocks, J.A. |
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Title |
Kin and non-kin interventions in the aggressive disputes of vervet monkeys |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
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20 |
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257-263 |
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Interventions in aggressive disputes were investigated in a free-living troop of vervets (Cercopithecus aethiops sabaeus) in Barbados. Interventions on behalf of kin were more frequent than on behalf of non-kin. Both types of interventions were more likely when the intervening animal outranked the opponent; presumably because retaliation probability, and hence cost of intervening, is low against low ranking opponents. The number of interventions given on behalf of both kin and non-kin increased with the number of disputes in which they were involved. In contrast to kin interventions, the number of interventions given on behalf of non-kin was correlated with that received by non-kin, suggesting that reciprocation is a necessary component of non-kin interventions. Non-kin interventions were more likely when the recipient outranked the opponent, presumably because reciprocation probability is high. Pairs of non-kin form structured reciprocal relationships based on the proportion of interventions allocated to each other, and most non-kin interventions flowed through these relationships. Males intervened on behalf of non-kin more frequently than did females. The implications of the results for the evolution of kin and reciprocal altruism were discussed. |
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10.1007/Bf00292178 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4927 |
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Author |
Gouzoules, S.; Gouzoules, H. |
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Title |
Kinship |
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Year |
1987 |
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Primate societies |
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299-305 |
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University of Chicago Press |
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Chicago |
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Smuts, B. B.; Cheney, D. L.; Seyfarth, R. M.; Wrangham, R. W.; Struhsaker T. T |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5430 |
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Author |
Feh, C. |
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Title |
Etude du développement des relations sociales chez des étalons (Equus caballus) de race camargue et de leur contribution à l'organisation sociale du groupe |
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1987 |
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Diplôme de recherche universitaire: neurosciences comportementales: Université d'Aix-Marseille II. Faculté des sciences de Luminy Marseille (FRA)* 117p |
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Master's thesis |
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Université d'Aix-Marseille |
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Marseille |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5485 |
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Author |
Siegel, H.S. |
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Title |
Effects of behavioural and physical stressors on immune responses. |
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1987 |
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Biology of Stress in Farm Animals |
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Martinus Nijhoff |
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London |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5994 |
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Author |
Tizard I. |
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Title |
An introduction to veterinary immunology. |
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1987 |
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WB Saunders Co. |
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Philadelphia |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6000 |
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Author |
Hardy, J.L. |
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Title |
The ecology of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in the Central Valley of California, 1945-1985 |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
The American Journal of Tropical Medicine and Hygiene |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Trop Med Hyg |
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37 |
Issue |
3 Suppl |
Pages |
18s-32s |
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Keywords |
Aedes/microbiology; Animals; Birds; California; Culex/microbiology; Encephalitis Virus, Western Equine/*physiology; Encephalomyelitis, Equine/*history/microbiology/transmission/veterinary; History, 20th Century; Horse Diseases/history/transmission; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors/microbiology; Mammals |
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Abstract |
Reeves' concept of the summer transmission cycle of western equine encephalomyelitis virus in 1945 was that the virus was amplified in a silent transmission cycle involving mosquitoes, domestic chickens, and possibly wild birds, from which it could be transmitted tangentially to and cause disease in human and equine populations. Extensive field and laboratory studies done since 1945 in the Central Valley of California have more clearly defined the specific invertebrate and vertebrate hosts involved in the basic virus transmission cycle, but the overall concept remains unchanged. The basic transmission cycle involves Culex tarsalis as the primary vector mosquito species and house finches and house sparrows as the primary amplifying hosts. Secondary amplifying hosts, upon which Cx. tarsalis frequently feeds, include other passerine species, chickens, and possibly pheasants in areas where they are abundant. Another transmission cycle that most likely is initiated from the Cx. tarsalis-wild bird cycle involves Aedes melanimon and the blacktail jackrabbit. Like humans and horses, California ground squirrels, western tree squirrels, and a few other wild mammal species become infected tangentially with the virus but do not contribute significantly to virus amplification. |
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Department of Biomedical and Environmental Health Sciences, School of Public Health, University of California, Berkeley 94720 |
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English |
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0002-9637 |
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PMID:3318522 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2677 |
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Author |
Hildebrand, M. |
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Title |
The Mechanics of Horse Legs |
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1987 |
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American Scientist |
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Amer. Sci. |
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75 |
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6 |
Pages |
594-601 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2301 |
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Author |
Kacelnik, A. |
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Title |
Information primacy or preference for familiar foraging techniques? A critique of Inglis & Ferguson |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
35 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
925-926 |
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2121 |
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Author |
Giraldeau, L.-A.; Lefebvre, L. |
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Title |
Scrounging prevents cultural transmission of food-finding behaviour in pigeons |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
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Volume |
35 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
387-394 |
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Living in groups should promote the cultural transmission of a novel behaviour because opportunities for observing knowledgeable individuals are likely to be more numerous in this condition. However, in this study pigeons who shared the food discoveries of others (scroungers) did not learn the food-finding technique used by the discoverers (producers). Individually-caged pigeons prevented from scrounging easily learned the technique from a conspecific tutor. When caged pigeons obtained food from the tutor's performance, most naïve observers failed to learn. In a flock, scroungers selectively followed producers. In individual cages, scrounging during the tutor's demonstration was equivalent to getting no demonstration at all. This effect of scrounging did not interfere with subsequent acquisition of the food-finding behaviour when scrounging was no longer possible. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5265 |
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Author |
Schilder Mbh, B.P. |
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Title |
Ethological investigations on a herd of Plains Zebra in a safari park: Time – budgets, reproduction and food competition |
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Year |
1987 |
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App Anim Behav Sci |
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18 |
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45-56 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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1568 |
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