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Author McCarthy, M.S.; Jensvold, M.L.A.; Fouts, D.H. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Use of gesture sequences in captive chimpanzee (Pan troglodytes) play Type Journal Article
  Year 2013 Publication Animal Cognition Abbreviated Journal (up) Anim. Cogn.  
  Volume 16 Issue 3 Pages 471-481  
  Keywords Gestural communication; Attentional state; Chimpanzee; Gesture sequence  
  Abstract This study examined the use of sensory modalities relative to a partner’s behavior in gesture sequences during captive chimpanzee play at the Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute. We hypothesized that chimpanzees would use visual gestures toward attentive recipients and auditory/tactile gestures toward inattentive recipients. We also hypothesized that gesture sequences would be more prevalent toward unresponsive rather than responsive recipients. The chimpanzees used significantly more auditory/tactile rather than visual gestures first in sequences with both attentive and inattentive recipients. They rarely used visual gestures toward inattentive recipients. Auditory/tactile gestures were effective with and used with both attentive and inattentive recipients. Recipients responded significantly more to single gestures than to first gestures in sequences. Sequences often indicated that recipients did not respond to initial gestures, whereas effective single gestures made more gestures unnecessary. The chimpanzees thus gestured appropriately relative to a recipient’s behavior and modified their interactions according to contextual social cues.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Springer-Verlag Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1435-9448 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5665  
Permanent link to this record
 

 
Author Chalmeau, R.; Gallo, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Social constraints determine what is learned in the chimpanzee Type Journal Article
  Year 1993 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal (up) Behav. Process.  
  Volume 28 Issue 3 Pages 173-179  
  Keywords Operant conditioning; Social influence; Individual strategy; Chimpanzee  
  Abstract A group of six chimpanzees was placed in a social learning situation, without training. The learning task was an operant conditioning situation; that is, a subject had to pull two handles simultaneously to cause a piece of fruit to fall into the cage. Only three individuals acquired the operant behaviour. For the operant individuals, social influences on the expression of the learning task were then examined; the dominant chimpanzee during feeding had an inhibiting effect when close to the operant subjects. Depending on the subject, social factors may influence not only the specific expression of what is learnt, but also the nature of what is learnt. Chimpanzees appear to experience situations differently: they develop an individual problem-solving strategy according to their social relationships even if the experimental procedure is the same for all.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 569  
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Author Tomasello, M.; Davis-Dasilva, M.; Camak, L.; Bard, K. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Observational learning of tool-use by young chimpanzees Type Journal Article
  Year 1987 Publication Abbreviated Journal (up) Human Evolution  
  Volume 2 Issue 2 Pages 175-183  
  Keywords Chimpanzees; Observational Learning; Tool-Use  
  Abstract In the current study two groups of young chimpanzees (4–6 and 8–9 years old) were given a T-bar and a food item that could only be reached by using the T-bar. Experimental subjects were given the opportunity to observe an adult using the stick as a tool to obtain the food; control subjects were exposed to the adult but were given no demonstration. Subjects in the older group did not learn to use the tool. Subjects in the younger group who were exposed to the demonstrator learned to use the stick as a tool much more readily than those who were not. None of the subjects demonstrated an ability to imitatively copy the demonstrator's precise behavioral strategies. More than simple stimulus enhancement was involved, however, since both groups manipulated the T-bar, but only experimental subjects used it in its function as a tool. Our findings complement naturalistic observations in suggesting that chimpanzee tool-use is in some sense «culturally transmitted» — though perhaps not in the same sense as social-conventional behaviors for which precise copying of conspecifics is crucial.  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher Kluwer Academic Publishers Place of Publication Editor  
  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0393-9375 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5915  
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Author Russell, C.L.; Bard, K.A.; Adamson, L.B. doi  openurl
  Title Social referencing by young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Type Journal Article
  Year 1997 Publication Journal of Comparative Psychology Abbreviated Journal (up) J. Comp. Psychol.  
  Volume 111 Issue 2 Pages 185-191  
  Keywords happy & fear messages concerning novel objects from familiar human caregiver, social referencing, 14–41 mo old chimpanzees  
  Abstract Social referencing is the seeking of information from another individual and the use of that information to evaluate a situation. It is a well-documented ability in human infants but has not been studied experimentally in nonhuman primates. Seventeen young nursery-reared chimpanzees (14 to 41 months old) were observed in a standard social referencing paradigm in which they received happy and fear messages concerning novel objects from a familiar human caregiver. Each chimpanzee looked referentially at their caregiver, and the emotional messages that they received differentially influenced their gaze behavior and avoidance of the novel objects. It is concluded that chimpanzees can acquire information about their complex social and physical environments through social referencing and can use emotional information to alter their own behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)  
  Address  
  Corporate Author Thesis  
  Publisher US: American Psychological Association Place of Publication Editor  
  Language Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 1939-2087(Electronic);0735-7036(Print) ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1997-06365-008 Serial 5603  
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