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Author Herbert Gintis; Samuel Bowles; Robert Boyd; Ernst Fehr
Title Explaining altruistic behavior in humans Type Journal Article
Year 2003 Publication Evolution and Human Behaviour Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume 24 Issue 3 Pages 153-172
Keywords Altruism; Reciprocity; Experimental games; Evolution of cooperation
Abstract Recent experimental research has revealed forms of human behavior involving interaction among unrelated individuals that have proven difficult to explain in terms of kin or reciprocal altruism. One such trait, strong reciprocity is a predisposition to cooperate with others and to punish those who violate the norms of cooperation, at personal cost, even when it is implausible to expect that these costs will be repaid. We present evidence supporting strong reciprocity as a schema for predicting and understanding altruism in humans. We show that under conditions plausibly characteristic of the early stages of human evolution, a small number of strong reciprocators could invade a population of self-regarding types, and strong reciprocity is an evolutionary stable strategy. Although most of the evidence we report is based on behavioral experiments, the same behaviors are regularly described in everyday life, for example, in wage setting by firms, tax compliance, and cooperation in the protection of local environmental public goods.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1090-5138 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ S1090-5138(02)00157-5 Serial 4943
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Author Bergmüller, R.
Title Animal Personality and Behavioural Syndromes Type Book Chapter
Year 2010 Publication Animal Behaviour – Evolution and Mechanisms Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume Issue Pages 587-621
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Abstract
Address
Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Springer Place of Publication Heidelberg Editor Kappeler, P.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5179
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Author van Schaik, C.P.
Title Social learning and culture in animals Type Book Chapter
Year 2010 Publication Animal Behaviour: Evolution and Mechanisms Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume Issue Pages 623-653
Keywords Life Sciences
Abstract Most animals must learn some of the behaviours in their repertoire, and some must learn most. Although learning is often thought of as an individual exercise, in nature much learning is social, i.e. under the influence of conspecifics. Social learners acquire novel information or skills faster and at lower cost, but risk learning false information or useless skills. Social learning can be divided into learning from social information and learning through social interaction. Different species have different mechanisms of learning from social information, ranging from selective attention to the environment due to the presence of others to copying of complete motor sequences. In vertical (or oblique) social learning, naïve individuals often learn skills or knowledge from parents (or other adults), whereas horizontal social learning is from peers, either immatures or adults, and more often concerns eavesdropping and public information use. Because vertical social learning is often adaptive, maturing individuals often have a preference for it over individual exploration. The more cognitively demanding social learning abilities probably evolved in this context, in lineages where offspring show long association with parents and niches are complex. Because horizontal learning can be maladaptive, especially when perishable information has become outdated, animals must decide when to deploy social learning. Social learning of novel skills can lead to distinct traditions or cultures when the innovations are sufficiently rare and effectively transmitted socially. Animal cultures may be common but to date taxonomic coverage is insufficient to know how common. Cultural evolution is potentially powerful, but largely confined to humans, for reasons currently unknown. A general theory of culture is therefore badly needed.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Springer Berlin Heidelberg Place of Publication Editor Kappeler, P.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 978-3-642-02624-9 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5268
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Author Tomkins, L.M.; McGreevy, P.D.; Branson, N.J.
Title Lack of standardization in reporting motor laterality in the domestic dog (Canis familiaris) Type Journal Article
Year 2010 Publication Journal of Veterinary Behaviour Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume 5 Issue 5 Pages 235-239
Keywords dog; motor laterality; lateralization; paw preference; standardization
Abstract Over the past 2 decades, numerous studies have been undertaken to assess motor laterality in the domestic dog. In anticipation of growth in this area of enquiry, we decided to review the literature on canine motor biases to identify any shortcomings, reflect on the lessons to be learned from and offer ways forward for future research into canine laterality. The aim of this review is to (i) summarize motor laterality findings in the dog, (ii) highlight areas lacking in standardization, and (iii) propose necessary criteria for future tests and global reporting protocols. Our review of the literature highlighted the lack of standardization between studies in task selection, sample size, number of behavior scores recorded, and the methods by which motor laterality were classified and reported. This review illustrates the benefits of standardizing methods of motor laterality assessment so that comparisons can be made between the populations sampled. By adopting such an approach, researchers should mutually benefit as motor laterality data could then be compared and subjected to meta-analysis.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1558-7878 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ S1558-7878(10)00038-9 Serial 5378
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Author Kerth, G.
Title Group decision-making in animal societies Type Book Chapter
Year 2010 Publication Animal Behaviour: Evolution and Mechanisms Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume Issue Pages 241-265
Keywords Life Sciences
Abstract Individuals need to coordinate their activities to benefit from group living. Thus group decisions are essential for societies, especially if group members cooperate with each other. Models show that shared (democratic) decisions outperform unshared (despotic) decisions, even if individuals disagree about actions. This is surprising as in most other contexts, differences in individual preferences lead to sex-, age-, or kin-specific behaviour. Empirical studies testing the predictions of the theoretical models have only recently begun to emerge. This applies particularly to group decisions in fission-fusion societies, where individuals can avoid decisions that are not in their interest. After outlining the basic ideas and theoretical models on group decision-making I focus on the available empirical studies. Originally most of the relevant studies have been on social insects and fish but recently an increasing number of studies on mammals and birds have been published, including some that deal with wild long-lived animals living in complex societies. This includes societies where group members have different interests, as in most mammals, and which have been less studied compared to eusocial insects that normally have no conflict among their colony members about what to do. I investigate whether the same decision rules apply in societies with conflict and without conflict, and outline open questions that remain to be studied. The chapter concludes with a synthesis on what is known about group decision-making in animals and an outlook on what I think should be done to answer the open questions.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Springer Berlin Heidelberg Place of Publication Editor Kappeler, P.
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN ISBN 978-3-642-02624-9 Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5381
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Author Batt, L.S.; Batt, M.S.; Baguley, J.A.; McGreevy, P.D.
Title The relationships between motor lateralization, salivary cortisol concentrations and behavior in dogs Type Journal Article
Year 2009 Publication Journal of Veterinary Behaviour Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume 4 Issue 6 Pages 216-222
Keywords Dog; temperament; motor lateralization; cortisol; behavior; cortisol EIA
Abstract The degree of lateralization (LI) indicates both the direction and strength of a paw preference. Here, a positive value is indicative of a right paw bias, and a negative value of a left paw bias. Higher numbers on the positive side of the scale and lower numbers on the negative side of the scale indicate a greater strength of that lateralization. The strength of motor lateralization (|LI|) is the absolute value of the LI. The use of absolute value removes directionality (i.e., does not indicate left or right paw bias) and instead indicates only the strength of the paw preference. Both LI and |LI| have been associated with behavioral differences in a range of species. The assessment of motor lateralization in the dog can be conducted by observing the paw used to perform motor tasks. Elevated cortisol concentrations have been associated with fearfulness in many species. Additionally, fearfulness and boldness can be assessed in response to so-called temperament tests. Consequently, in this study we examine the relationship between lateralization, temperament test results, and cortisol concentrations in 43 potential guide dogs, of which 38 were Labrador retrievers and 5 were golden retrievers. Over a 14-month period, the current study assessed motor lateralization and salivary cortisol concentrations 3 times (approximately 6 months of age, 14 months of age, and after the dogs' performance in the guide dog program had been determined) and behavior twice (approximately 6 and 14 months of age). This study is the first to examine the relationship between behavior, lateralization, and cortisol concentrations in dogs. It implemented an objective and quantifiable assessment of behavior that may be of use to a variety of dog-focused stakeholders. Findings show that during the Juvenile testing period (6 months of age), dogs with higher cortisol concentrations were typically less able to rest when exposed to the unfamiliar testing room. Results from both Juvenile and Adult Test (14 months of age) periods showed that a greater |LI| and LI were associated with more confident and relaxed behavior when dogs were exposed to novel stimuli and unfamiliar environments. Significant elevations of cortisol concentrations were found at the completion of guide dog training when compared with results from the 2 prior test periods. This finding may reflect maturation or the effect of the prolonged kenneling which occurred during this period.
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1558-7878 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ S1558-7878(09)00017-3 Serial 5383
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Author Parrish, J. K.; Viscido, S. V.
Title Traffic rules of fish schools: A review of agent-based approaches. Type Book Chapter
Year 2005 Publication Self-organisation and the evolution of social behaviour. Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume Issue Pages 50-80
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Corporate Author Thesis
Publisher Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Cambridge Editor C. K. Hemelrijk
Language Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5419
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Author Schmidt, J.; Scheid, C.; Kotrschal, K.; Bugnyar, T.; Schloegl, C.
Title Gaze direction – A cue for hidden food in rooks (Corvus frugilegus)? Type Journal Article
Year 2011 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume 88 Issue 2 Pages 88-93
Keywords Gaze; Object choice; Corvids; Effort; Rooks
Abstract Other individual's head- and eye-directions can be used as social cues indicating the presence of important events. Among birds, ravens and rooks have been shown to co-orient with conspecifics and with humans by following their gaze direction into distant space and behind visual screens. Both species use screens to cache food in private; also, it had been suggested that they may rely on gaze cues to detect hidden food. However, in an object-choice task, ravens failed to do so, and their competitive lifestyle may have prevented them from relying on these cues. Here we tested closely related and cooperative rooks. Food was hidden in one of two cups and the experimenter gazed at the baited cup. In a second experiment, we aimed to increase the birds’ motivation to choose correctly by increasing the investment needed to obtain the reward. To do so, the birds had to pull on a string to obtain the cup. Here, the birds as a group tended to rely on gaze cues. In addition, individual birds quickly learned to use the cue in both experiments. Although rooks may not use gaze cues to find hidden food spontaneously, they may quickly learn to do so.
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0376-6357 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5420
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Author Boyd, L.; Keiper, R.
Title Behavioural ecology of feral horses Type Book Chapter
Year 2005 Publication The domestic horse: the origins, development, and management of its behaviour Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume Issue Pages
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Publisher Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Cambridge Editor Mills, D. S.; McDonnell S. M.
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5439
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Author Tomasello, M.; Call, J
Title Books Received Type Journal Article
Year 2001 Publication Animal Behaviour Abbreviated Journal (up)
Volume 61 Issue 1 Pages 269-270
Keywords
Abstract The Alex Studies: Cognitive and Communicative Abilities of Grey

Parrots. By I. M. PEPPERBERG. Cambridge, Massachusetts:

Harvard University Press (1999).
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Publisher Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0003-3472 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5446
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