| Records |
| Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
| Title |
Primates--A natural heritage of conflict resolution |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal  |
Science |
| Volume |
289 |
Issue |
5479 |
Pages |
586-590 |
| Keywords |
Aggression/*psychology; Animals; Behavior, Animal; *Conflict (Psychology); Female; Humans; Male; *Primates; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance |
| Abstract |
The traditional notion of aggression as an antisocial instinct is being replaced by a framework that considers it a tool of competition and negotiation. When survival depends on mutual assistance, the expression of aggression is constrained by the need to maintain beneficial relationships. Moreover, evolution has produced ways of countering its disruptive consequences. For example, chimpanzees kiss and embrace after fights, and other nonhuman primates engage in similar “reconciliations.” Theoretical developments in this field carry implications for human aggression research. From families to high schools, aggressive conflict is subject to the same constraints known of cooperative animal societies. It is only when social relationships are valued that one can expect the full complement of natural checks and balances. |
| Address |
Living Links, Center for the Advanced Study of Human and Ape Evolution, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, GA 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0036-8075 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:10915614 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
187 |
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| Author |
Cheney, D.; Seyfarth, R.; Smuts, B. |
| Title |
Social relationships and social cognition in nonhuman primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
234 |
Issue |
4782 |
Pages |
1361-1366 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Cognition; Female; Male; Pair Bond; Primates/*physiology; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Social Perception |
| Abstract |
Complex social relationships among nonhuman primates appear to contribute to individual reproductive success. Experiments with and behavioral observations of natural populations suggest that sophisticated cognitive mechanisms may underlie primate social relationships. Similar capacities are usually less apparent in the nonsocial realm, supporting the view that at least some aspects of primate intelligence evolved to solve the challenges of interacting with conspecifics. |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0036-8075 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:3538419 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
349 |
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| Author |
Dunbar, R. |
| Title |
Evolution of the social brain |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
302 |
Issue |
5648 |
Pages |
1160-1161 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; *Cognition; Endorphins/physiology; *Evolution; Female; Grooming; Hierarchy, Social; Language; Neocortex/anatomy & histology/physiology; Papio/physiology/*psychology; *Reproduction; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Social Support; Vocalization, Animal |
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| Address |
School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool, Liverpool L69 7ZB, UK. rimd@liv.ac.uk |
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English |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1095-9203 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:14615522 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
548 |
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| Author |
Bergman, T.J.; Beehner, J.C.; Cheney, D.L.; Seyfarth, R.M. |
| Title |
Hierarchical classification by rank and kinship in baboons |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
| Volume |
302 |
Issue |
5648 |
Pages |
1234-1236 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; Botswana; *Cognition; Family; Female; *Hierarchy, Social; Language; *Papio/psychology; Social Dominance; Vocalization, Animal |
| Abstract |
Humans routinely classify others according to both their individual attributes, such as social status or wealth, and membership in higher order groups, such as families or castes. They also recognize that people's individual attributes may be influenced and regulated by their group affiliations. It is not known whether such rule-governed, hierarchical classifications are specific to humans or might also occur in nonlinguistic species. Here we show that baboons recognize that a dominance hierarchy can be subdivided into family groups. In playback experiments, baboons respond more strongly to call sequences mimicking dominance rank reversals between families than within families, indicating that they classify others simultaneously according to both individual rank and kinship. The selective pressures imposed by complex societies may therefore have favored cognitive skills that constitute an evolutionary precursor to some components of human cognition. |
| Address |
Department of Biology, University of Pennsylvania, Philadelphia, PA 19104, USA. thore@sas.upenn.edu |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
1095-9203 |
ISBN |
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Medium |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:14615544 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
689 |
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| Author |
de Waal, F.B. |
| Title |
The integration of dominance and social bonding in primates |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1986 |
Publication |
The Quarterly review of biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Q Rev Biol |
| Volume |
61 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
459-479 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Female; Humans; Male; *Object Attachment; *Primates; *Social Dominance |
| Abstract |
Social dominance is usually viewed from the perspective of intragroup competition over access to limited resources. The present paper, while not denying the importance of such competition, discusses the dominance concept among monkeys and apes in the context of affiliative bonding, social tolerance, and the reconciliation of aggressive conflicts. Two basic proximate mechanisms are supposed to provide a link between dominance and interindividual affiliation, namely, formalization of the dominance relationship (i.e., unequivocal communication of status), and conditional reassurance (i.e., the linkage of friendly coexistence to formalization of the relationship). Ritualized submission is imposed upon losers of dominance struggles by winners; losers are offered a “choice” between continued hostility or a tolerant relationship with a clearly signalled difference in status. If these two social mechanisms are lacking, aggression is bound to have dispersive effects. In their presence, aggression becomes a well-integrated, even constructive component of social life. In some higher primates this process of integration has reached the stage where status differences are strongly attenuated. In these species, sharing and trading can take the place of overt competition. The views underlying this “reconciled hierarchy” model are only partly new, as is evident from a review of the ethological literature. Many points are illustrated with data on a large semi-captive colony of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), particularly data related to striving for status, reconciliation behavior, and general association patterns. These observations demonstrate that relationships among adult male chimpanzees cannot be described in terms of a dichotomy between affiliative and antagonistic tendencies. Male bonding in this species has not been achieved by an elimination of aggression, but by a set of powerful buffering mechanisms that mitigate its effects. Although female chimpanzees do exhibit a potential for bonding under noncompetitive conditions, they appear to lack the buffering mechanisms of the males. |
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| Language |
English |
Summary Language |
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Original Title |
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Series Title |
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Abbreviated Series Title |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0033-5770 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:3543991 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
210 |
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| Author |
Hirsch, B.T. |
| Title |
Costs and benefits of within-group spatial position: a feeding competition model |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2007 |
Publication |
The Quarterly review of biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Q Rev Biol |
| Volume |
82 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
9-27 |
| Keywords |
Animals; Competitive Behavior/*physiology; Dominance-Subordination; Feeding Behavior/*physiology/*psychology; Population Dynamics; Predatory Behavior/*physiology |
| Abstract |
An animal's within-group spatial position has several important fitness consequences. Risk of predation, time spent engaging in antipredatory behavior and feeding competition can all vary with respect to spatial position. Previous research has found evidence that feeding rates are higher at the group edge in many species, but these studies have not represented the entire breadth of dietary diversity and ecological situations faced by many animals. In particular the presence of concentrated, defendable food patches can lead to increased feeding rates by dominants in the center of the group that are able to monopolize or defend these areas. To fully understand the tradeoffs of within-group spatial position in relation to a variety of factors, it is important to be able to predict where individuals should preferably position themselves in relation to feeding rates and food competition. A qualitative model is presented here to predict how food depletion time, abundance of food patches within a group, and the presence of prior knowledge of feeding sites affect the payoffs of different within-group spatial positions for dominant and subordinate animals. In general, when feeding on small abundant food items, individuals at the front edge of the group should have higher foraging success. When feeding on slowly depleted, rare food items, dominants will often have the highest feeding rates in the center of the group. Between these two extreme points of a continuum, an individual's optimal spatial position is predicted to be influenced by an additional combination of factors, such as group size, group spread, satiation rates, and the presence of producer-scrounger tactics. |
| Address |
Department of Anthropology, Stony Brook University Stony Brook, New York 11794, USA. BTHIRSCH@IC.SUNYSB.EDU |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0033-5770 |
ISBN |
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Expedition |
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Conference |
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| Notes |
PMID:17354992 |
Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
803 |
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| Author |
Hartmann, E.; Christensen, J.W.; McGreevy, P.D. |
| Title |
Dominance and Leadership: Useful Concepts in Human-Horse Interactions? |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proceedings of the 2017 Equine Science Symposium |
| Volume |
52 |
Issue |
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Pages |
1-9 |
| Keywords |
Horse; Social order; Dominance hierarchy; Aggression; Injury; Learning; Training |
| Abstract |
Dominance hierarchies in horses primarily influence priority access to limited resources of any kind, resulting in predictable contest outcomes that potentially minimize aggressive encounters and associated risk of injury. Levels of aggression in group-kept horses under domestic conditions have been reported to be higher than in their feral counterparts but can often be attributed to suboptimal management. Horse owners often express concerns about the risk of injuries occurring in group-kept horses, but these concerns have not been substantiated by empirical investigations. What has not yet been sufficiently addressed are human safety aspects related to approaching and handling group-kept horses. Given horse's natural tendency to synchronize activity to promote group cohesion, questions remain about how group dynamics influence human-horse interactions. Group dynamics influence a variety of management scenarios, ranging from taking a horse out of its social group to the prospect of humans mimicking the horse's social system by taking a putative leadership role and seeking after an alpha position in the dominance hierarchy to achieve compliance. Yet, there is considerable debate about whether the roles horses attain in their social group are of any relevance in their reactions to humans. This article reviews the empirical data on social dynamics in horses, focusing on dominance and leadership theories and the merits of incorporating those concepts into the human-horse context. This will provide a constructive framework for informed debate and valuable guidance for owners managing group-kept horses and for optimizing human-horse interactions. |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0737-0806 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6712 |
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| Author |
Chase, I.D.; Tovey, C.; Spangler-Martin, D.; Manfredonia, M. |
| Title |
Individual differences versus social dynamics in the formation of animal dominance hierarchies |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume |
99 |
Issue |
8 |
Pages |
5744-5749 |
| Keywords |
Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Fishes; Humans; *Social Behavior; *Social Dominance |
| Abstract |
Linear hierarchies, the classical pecking-order structures, are formed readily in both nature and the laboratory in a great range of species including humans. However, the probability of getting linear structures by chance alone is quite low. In this paper we investigate the two hypotheses that are proposed most often to explain linear hierarchies: they are predetermined by differences in the attributes of animals, or they are produced by the dynamics of social interaction, i.e., they are self-organizing. We evaluate these hypotheses using cichlid fish as model animals, and although differences in attributes play a significant part, we find that social interaction is necessary for high proportions of groups with linear hierarchies. Our results suggest that dominance hierarchy formation is a much richer and more complex phenomenon than previously thought, and we explore the implications of these results for evolutionary biology, the social sciences, and the use of animal models in understanding human social organization. |
| Address |
Department of Sociology, State University of New York, Stony Brook, NY 11794-4356, USA. Ichase@notes.cc.sunysb.edu |
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English |
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Series Issue |
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Edition |
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| ISSN |
0027-8424 |
ISBN |
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| Notes |
PMID:11960030 |
Approved |
no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
442 |
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| Author |
Ermilina, J.A. |
| Title |
Dominance hierarchy in feral horses in Rostov Region |
Type |
Conference Article |
| Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 2. International Equine Science Meeting |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc. 2. Int. Equine. Sci. Mtg |
| Volume |
in press |
Issue |
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Pages |
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| Keywords |
feral horse, island population, dominance, hierarchy |
| Abstract |
Horses maintain the social structure through the establishment of dominant-subordinate hierarchical relationships, both within and between groups. The object of study was the feral horse population, living on the Vodnyi Isl, Manych-Ghudilo Lake, on the territory of Rostov Region, S Russia the State Nature Biosphere Reserve “Rostov”. The social structure of this population is represented by the harem and bachelor groups, and their variety – the “mixed”groups, the presence and composition of which is atypical for the populations of feral horses. The main objectives of this work were to identify the hierarchical structure of different types of social groups and the role of the stallions in them, defining the dominance rank of animals. The method of continuous logging occurred aggressive reaction, ritualized interaction between stallions, take into account the direction of interactions between individuals. We observed 5 harem, 3 bachelor and 3 mixed groups. Each group was studied for a total of 60 h (8 h per group per days).Behavioral observations were carried out in summer 2009-2011. Based on the number and direction of aggressive interactions the hierarchical coefficient was calculated for individual horses (Ivanov et al, 2007). Harem group consists of an adult stallion (<5 years old) and a few mares with their offspring. Our observations of harem groups confirm the previously known information about this type of social groups (Berger, 1986; Carson, Wood-Gush, 1983, Keiper, 1983). Hierarchical system between mares is close to linear with reversal. The stallion is not included in the hierarchy of the mares; he is the leader and serves to maintain the integrity of the group and inter-group hierarchy, and has reproductive function. Bachelor groups consist of stallions 2-3 years and older who do not have their own harem. It is known that dominance hierarchy in these groups is linear, young males or males who recently had joined the group have low ranks (Berger, 1977; Houpt, Keiper, 1982; Kirillov Paklina, 1990). In observed bachelor groups dominant stallion have a significantly higher rank in the hierarchy. However, among other stallions is not always observed strict linear hierarchy – some individuals have very similar ranks. Function of managing the group and maintaining the intergroup hierarchy can be distributed among the all stallions in the group. Mixed groups are composed of several mature stallions, one or more mares (sometimes with the offspring). In the study population in this type of social groups animals may be mature (age 5 and older) and semi-mature (2-5 years). The hierarchy of these atypical groups has not been studied. In the studied 3 mixed groups stallions have very similar hierarchical rank, dominant and subordinate stallions share a function of managing the group, participation in ritualized interactions. Our studies have revealed the plasticity of the hierarchical structure of groups of horses and the need to further investigate the distribution of social roles among stallions. |
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| Corporate Author |
Ermilina, J.A. |
Thesis |
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| Publisher |
Xenophon Publishing |
Place of Publication |
Wald |
Editor |
Krueger, K.; |
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978-3-9808134-26 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5580 |
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| Author |
Brennan, J.; Anderson, J. |
| Title |
Varying responses to feeding competition in a group of rhesus monkeys (Macaca mulatta) |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Primates |
Abbreviated Journal |
Primates |
| Volume |
29 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
353-360 |
| Keywords |
Macaca mulatta – Dominance – Feeding – Agonistic behaviour – Snakes |
| Abstract |
The behaviour of members of a group of rhesus monkeys was observed in experimentally created, competitive feeding situations. Socially dominant members of the group tended to start eating before lower-ranking subjects, and generally ate more. Dominants sometimes used aggression to control access to food, but overall, intermediate-ranking monkeys were involved in most agonistic episodes. Non-dominant subjects improved their feeding performance when food was presented in three piles rather than one pile, often by snatching food and consuming it away from the pile. These general patterns were less evident when realistic snake models were placed on some of the food piles. Feeding was disrupted by the presence of snakes, but notably, subordinates risked feeding in these conditions. Piles containing preferred foods and snakes were eaten from, but a low-preference food (carrot) under snakes went untouched by all subjects. The results suggest that group-members evaluate potential risks and benefits of competing for a restricted resource, and that dominance status, while an important factor, is only one element in the equation. |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
809 |
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