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	Author	McGreevy, P.
	Title	Equine behavior			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Journal of Equine Veterinary Science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	24	Issue	9	Pages	397-398
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	1983
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	Author	Verguts, T.; Fias, W.
	Title	Representation of Number in Animals and Humans: A Neural Model			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	J. Cogn. Neurosci.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	16	Issue	9	Pages	1493-1504
	Keywords
	Abstract	This article addresses the representation of numerical information conveyed by nonsymbolic and symbolic stimuli. In a first simulation study, we show how number-selective neurons develop when an initially uncommitted neural network is given nonsymbolic stimuli as input (e.g., collections of dots) under unsupervised learning. The resultant network is able to account for the distance and size effects, two ubiquitous effects in numerical cognition. Furthermore, the properties of the network units conform in detail to the characteristics of recently discovered number-selective neurons. In a second study, we simulate symbol learning by presenting symbolic and nonsymbolic input simultaneously. The same number-selective neurons learn to represent the numerical meaning of symbols. In doing so, they show properties reminiscent of the originally available number-selective neurons, but at the same time, the representational efficiency of the neurons is increased when presented with symbolic input. This finding presents a concrete proposal on the linkage between higher order numerical cognition and more primitive numerical abilities and generates specific predictions on the neural substrate of number processing. N1 -
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	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2954
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	Author	Gentner, T.Q.
	Title	Neural Systems for Individual Song Recognition in Adult Birds			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Ann. N.Y. Acad. Sci.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	1016	Issue	1	Pages	282-302
	Keywords
	Abstract	The songbird auditory system is an excellent model for neuroethological studies of the mechanisms that govern the perception and cognition of natural stimuli (i.e., song), and the translation of corresponding representations into natural behaviors. One common songbird behavior is the learned recognition of individual conspecific songs. This chapter summarizes the research effort to identify the brain regions and mechanisms mediating individual song recognition in European starlings, a species of songbird. The results of laboratory behavioral studies are reviewed, which show that when adult starlings learn to recognize other individual's songs, they do so by memorizing large sets of song elements, called motifs. Recent data from single neurons in the caudal medial portion of the mesopallium are then reviewed, showing that song recognition learning leads to explicit representation of acoustic features that correspond closely to specific motifs, but only to motifs in the songs that birds have learned to recognize. This suggests that the strength and tuning of high-level auditory object representations, of the sort that presumably underlie many forms of vocal communication, are shaped by each animal's unique experience.
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	Notes	10.1196/annals.1298.008			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2961
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	Author	Kanazawa, S.
	Title	Social sciences are branches of biology			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Socioecon. Rev.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	2	Issue	3	Pages	371-390
	Keywords
	Abstract	Since biology is the study of living organisms, their behaviour and social systems, and since humans are living organisms, it is possible to suggest that social sciences (the study of human behaviour and social systems) are branches of biology and all social scientific theories should be consistent with known biological principles. To claim otherwise and to establish a separate science only for humans might be analogous to the establishment of hydrogenology, the study of hydrogen separate from and inconsistent with the rest of physics. Evolutionary psychology is the application of evolutionary biology to humans, and provides the most general (panspecific) explanations of human behaviour, cognitions, emotions and human social systems. Evolutionary psychology's recognition that humans are animals can explain some otherwise perplexing empirical puzzles in social sciences, such as why there is a wage penalty for motherhood but a wage reward for fatherhood, and why boys produce a greater wage reward for fathers than do girls. The General Social Survey data illustrate the evolutionary psychological argument that reproductive success is important for both men's and women's happiness, but money is only important for men's.
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	Notes	10.1093/soceco/2.3.371			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2969
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	Author	Chappell J; Kacelnik A
	Title	Selection of tool diameter by New Caledonian crows			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Anim. Cogn.	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7	Issue		Pages	121
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	3060
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	Author	Mendl, M.; Paul, E.S.
	Title	Consciousness, emotion and animal welfare: insights from cognitive science			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Animal Welfare	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	13	Issue		Pages	17-25
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	3512
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	Author	Josep Call; Brian Hare; Malinda Carpenter; Michael Tomasello
	Title	`Unwilling' versus `unable': chimpanzees' understanding of human intentional action			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Developmental Science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	7	Issue		Pages	488-498
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	3517
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	Author	Yacoub Khallad
	Title	Conceptualization in the pigeon: What do we know?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	International Journal of Psychology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	39	Issue		Pages	73-94
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	3519
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	Author	Passani M. B.; Blandina P.
	Title	The Neuronal Histaminergic System in Cognition			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Current Medicinal Chemistry – Central Nervous System Agents	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	4	Issue		Pages	17-26
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
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	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	3520
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	Author	Koenen, E.P.C.; Aldridge, L.I.; Philipsson, J.
	Title	An overview of breeding objectives for warmblood sport horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Livestock Production Science	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	88	Issue	1-2	Pages	77-84
	Keywords	Breeding objective; Sport horse; Sport performance; Conformation; Specialisation
	Abstract	The aim of this paper is to review the current breeding objectives of organisations that run a selection programme for warmblood riding horses in the light of an increasing trend in trade of semen across countries. In a questionnaire, 19 horse breeding organisations provided information on breeding objective traits. Variation both in length and amount of details used to define individual breeding objectives was large, reflecting that many traits in sport horse breeding are not easy to measure, and therefore, have to be defined in a subjective way. The majority of the breeding objectives included conformation, gaits and performance in show jumping and dressage. Some breeding objectives also included behaviour, soundness, health and fertility. However, several organisations did not specify the sport discipline and the level of competition (amateur, national or international level) in the breeding objective. In general, relative weightings of the traits within the verbally presented breeding objectives were not given, but were assessed by the organisations in response to this study. The relevance of more information on expected future production circumstances and on the genetic parameters of the traits of interest are discussed. A further review of the consistency, completeness and the number of traits of the present breeding objectives for sport horses is recommended to optimise the efficiency of selection decisions.
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	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
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	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	3954
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