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Gillan DJ; Premack D; Woodruff G |
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Reasoning in the chimpanzee: I. Analogical reasoning |
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1981 |
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J. Exp. Psychol.: Anim. Behav. Process. |
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7 |
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1 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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3063 |
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Author |
Bruns, E. |
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Title |
Estimation of the breeding value of stallions from the tournament performance of their offspring |
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1981 |
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Livestock Production Science |
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8 |
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5 |
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465-473 |
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Data from horse-riding competitions recorded in Germany in 1976 and 1977 have been analysed to estimate genetic parameters for performance traits of riding horses measured in dressage, jumping competitions and trials. The performance traits analysed were logarithmic earnings per start, relative place number, and place value. The results are the following. 1. (1) Heritability and repeatability estimates for performance in dressage shows are 0.2 and 0.4 respectively. Corresponding estimates for performance in jumping competitions are 20% less. No genetic differences are found between stallions for performance in trials.2. (2) A selection index for estimating the breeding value of stallions was constructed by using the repeated performances of their offspring in dressage and jumping shows. For this purpose, performance data for at least ten progeny should be available. The correlation between the breeding values estimated from the dressage and jumping performances of the same stallions was approximately zero.3. (3) Reliable progeny-testing requires that the assumptions of mating stallions at random, selecting progeny randomly, and distributing them equally across environmental effects be fulfilled.4. (4) The genetic use of breeding values of stallions estimated from the performance of their progeny is opposed by the prolongation of the generation interval. This can be partly overcome by sampling young stallions and making use of the test results for young progeny only. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3968 |
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Author |
Kihara, H. |
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Title |
Comparison of the redox reactions of various types of cytochrome c with iron hexacyanides |
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1981 |
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Biochimica et Biophysica Acta (BBA) – Bioenergetics |
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634 |
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93-104 |
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Cytochrome c; Redox reaction; Iron hexacyanide; Temperature jump; Electron transfer |
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The dynamic behavior of various types of cytochromes c in the redox reaction with iron hexacyanides was studied using a temperature-jump method in order to elucidate the molecular mechanism of the redox reaction of cytochromes with their oxidoreductants. Transmittance after the temperature jump changed through a single exponential decay for all cytochromes investigated. Under a constant concentration of anion, the redox reaction of various types of cytochrome c with iron hexacyanides was analyzed according to the scheme: Ki=kt/k-i (i=1,2,3) where C(III) and C(II) are ferric and ferrous cytochromes, respectively, Fe(III) and Fe(II) are ferri- and ferrocyanides, respectively, C(III) [middle dot] Fe(II) is the ferricytochrome-ferrocyanide complex and C(II) [middle dot] Fe(III) is the ferrocytochrome-ferricyanide complex. When step B is slower than the other two steps A and C, τ-1 can be represented approximately as where the bar over the variables denotes the equilibrium value. In a large excess of ferrocyanide against cytochrome, we can estimate k2, k-2, K1 and K3 independently. In the case of horse cytochrome c at 18[degree sign]C in 0.1 M phosphate buffer at pH 7 with 0.3 M KNO3, the estimated parameters are k2 = 100 +/- 50 s-1, k-2 = (3.5 +/- 1.0) [middle dot] 103 s-1, K1 = 15 +/- 7 M-1 and K3 = (8.5 +/- 1.5) [middle dot] 10-4 M. From the same experiments for seven cytochromes (cytochrome c from horse, tuna, Candida krusei, Saccharomyces oviformis, Rhodospirillum rubrum cytochrome c2, Spirulina platensis cytochrome c-554 and Thermus thermophilus cytochrome c-552), the following results can be deduced. (1) Each parameter defined in the scheme above (k2, k-2, K1, K3) diverged beyond the error range. Above all, k2 values of cytochromes c-554 and c-552 are as large as 1 [middle dot] 104 s-1 and much larger than those for the other cytochromes (to 50 approx. 700 S-1). (2) The variance of k2K1 and k-2/K3 are relatively less than the variances of individual parameters (k2, k-2, K1 and K3), which suggests that the values of k2K1 and k-2/K3 have been conserved during the course of evolution. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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3980 |
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Bean, P. |
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Punishment: A Philosophical and Criminological Enquiry |
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Miscellaneous |
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1981 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4851 |
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Author |
Bannikov Ag, |
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Kulan Moskau |
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1981 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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921 |
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Clutton-Brock, Juliet. |
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Domesticated animals from early times |
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1981 |
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Univ of Texas Press |
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Austin |
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9780292715325 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4088 |
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Author |
Wittenberger, James F. |
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Title |
Animal Social Behavior |
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1981 |
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Duxbury Press |
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978-0878722952 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4262 |
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Joynson, R. B. |
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Towards understanding relationships, by Robert A. Hinde. London: Academic, 1979, pp xii + 367 |
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1981 |
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Aggressive Behavior |
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7 |
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3 |
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275-280 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4813 |
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Author |
Henning, J.M.; Zentall, T.R. |
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Imitation, social facilitation, and the effects of ACTH 4-10 on rats' bar-pressing behavior |
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1981 |
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The American journal of psychology |
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Am J Psychol |
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94 |
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1 |
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125-134 |
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Adrenocorticotropic Hormone/*pharmacology; Animals; Conditioning, Operant/*drug effects; Dose-Response Relationship, Drug; Extinction, Psychological/drug effects; Imitative Behavior/*drug effects; Male; Peptide Fragments/*pharmacology; Rats; *Social Facilitation |
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The effects of ACTH 4-10 on rats' imitation learning was examined during the acquisition and extinction of a bar-press response for water reinforcement. Rats were exposed to either a bar-pressing conspecific (OB), an experimentally naive conspecific (ON), or an empty box (OE) during bar-press acquisition. In a factorial design, each rat was then exposed to one of the same three conditions during extinction. An 80 mcg dose of ACTH 4-10 was administered to half of the rats in each group prior to observation. Performance differences during acquisition were generally small, but significant performance differences during extinction were found. Social facilitation was indicated by the finding that rats extinguished in the presence of a conspecific exhibited significantly greater resistance to extinction than rats extinguished in the presence of an empty box. An imitation effect was also found. Rats that observed a bar-pressing conspecific during both acquisition and extinction (group OB-OB) showed significantly greater resistance top extinction than did groups OB-ON, CB-OE, or OE-OE. There were no significant effects of the hormone, however, relative to saline controls. |
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English |
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0002-9556 |
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PMID:6263117 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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267 |
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Roberts, J.; Hunter, M.L.; Kacelnik, A. |
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Title |
The ground effect and acoustic communication |
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1981 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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29 |
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2 |
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633-634 |
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