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Author |
BOURDELLE E |
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Title |
La distribution geographique des equides actuels. |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1949 |
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Abbreviated Journal  |
3.Intern Zool Kongr |
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Volume |
1948 |
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383-387 |
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Paris |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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962 |
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Author |
Mazak V, |
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Title |
Haarwechsel und Haarwuchs bei Pzewakski – Pferd und Onager im Prager Zoolg. Garten während der Jahre 1958/59 |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1962 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Acta Societatis Zoolg.Boheomoslovenicae |
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26 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1373 |
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Author |
Friant M, |
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Title |
La morphologie des molaires chez les equidae, principalement ceux d'Europe |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1961 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Acta Zool |
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Volume |
42 |
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Pages |
299 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1098 |
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Author |
GUOZHONG C et al |
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Title |
Summer habitat and numbers of Equus hemionus., |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1958 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Acta Zool Sinica |
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Volume |
31 |
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Pages |
178-185 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1155 |
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Author |
Zlatanova, D.; Ahmed, A.; Valasseva, A.; Genov, P. |
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Title |
Adaptive Diet Strategy of the Wolf (Canis lupus L.) in Europe: a Review |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2014 |
Publication |
ACTA ZOOLOGICA BULGARICA |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acta zool. bulg. |
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Volume |
66 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
439-452 |
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Keywords |
Wolf, Canis lupus, prey, adaptive strategy |
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Abstract |
The diet strategy of the wolf in Europe is reviewed on the basis of 74 basic and 14 additional literature
sources. The comparative analysis reveals clear dependence on the latitude (and, therefore, on the changing
environmental conditions) correlated with the wild ungulate abundance and diversity. Following a
geographic pattern, the wolf is specialised on different species of ungulates: moose and reindeer in Scandinavia,
red deer in Central and Eastern Europe and wild boar in Southern Europe. Where this large prey
is taken, the roe deer is hunted with almost the same frequency in every region. The wolf diet in Europe
shows two ecological adaptations formed by a complex of variables: 1. Wolves living in natural habitats
with abundance of wild ungulates feed mainly on wild prey. 2. In highly anthropogenic habitats, with low
abundance of wild prey, wolves feed on livestock (where husbandry of domestic animals is available) and
take also a lot of plant food, smaller prey (hares and rodents) and garbage food. The frequency of occurrence
of wild ungulates in the diet of wolves in North Europe varies from 54.0% in Belarus to 132.7% in
Poland, while that of livestock is in the range from 0.4% in Norway to 74.9% in Belarus. In South Europe,
the frequency of occurrence of wild prey varies from 0% in Italy and Spain to 136.0% in Italy, while of domestic
ungulates ranges between 0% and 100% in Spain. The low density or lack of wild prey triggers the
switch of the wolf diet to livestock, plant food (32.2-85% in Italy) or even garbage (up to 41.5% in Italy). |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6388 |
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Author |
Chu, G.Z., et al |
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Title |
The summer habitat and population numbers of the Mongolian wild ass in the Kalamaili Mountains Wildlife Reserve, Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Acta Zoologica Sinica |
Abbreviated Journal |
Acta Zoologica Sinica |
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Volume |
31 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
178-186 |
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Chineese |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2258 |
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Author |
Waring Gh, |
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Title |
Animal behavior – Its place and future in agriculture |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1970 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Amer Zool |
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10 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1693 |
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Author |
Rzasnicki A Py, |
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Title |
Complete list of the specimens of skeletons and skins of Equus quagga quagga preseved in the museum of the whole world in 1939 |
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Ann Mus Zool Polonica |
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14 |
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Pages |
69-73 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
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Serial |
1545 |
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Author |
Rzasnicki A, |
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Title |
Zebras and quaggas |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1951 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Ann Mus Zool Polonica |
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Volume |
16 |
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Pages |
203-252 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1546 |
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Author |
Doreau M, |
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Title |
Comportement alimentaire du cheval à l`écurie |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1978 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Ann Zootech |
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27 |
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291-302 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Call Number |
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1021 |
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