Records |
Author |
Dugatkin, L.A.; Godin, G.J. |
Title |
Predator inspection, shoaling and foraging under predation hazard in the Trinidadian guppy,Poecilia reticulata |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Environmental Biology of Fishes |
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34 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
265-276 |
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Antipredation – Social group – Feeding – Predation risk – Trade-off – Fish |
Abstract |
Guppies,Poecilia reticulata, living in stream pools in Trinidad, West Indies, approached a potential fish predator (a cichlid fish model) in a tentative, saltatory manner, mainly as singletons or in pairs. Such behavior is referred to as predator inspection behavior. Inspectors approached the trunk and tail of the predator model more frequently, more closely and in larger groups than they approached the predator's head, which is presumably the most dangerous area around the predator. However, guppies were not observed in significantly larger shoals in the stream when the predator model was present. In a stream enclosure, guppies inspected the predator model more frequently when it was stationary compared to when it was moving, and made closer inspections to the posterior regions of the predator than to its head. Therefore, the guppies apparently regarded the predator model as a potential threat and modified their behavior accordingly when inspecting it. Guppies exhibited a lower feeding rate in the presence of the predator, suggesting a trade-off between foraging gains and safety against predation. Our results further suggest that predator inspection behavior may account for some of this reduction in foraging. These findings are discussed in the context of the benefits and costs of predator inspection behavior. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2176 |
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Author |
Dugatkin, L.A. |
Title |
Cooperation in animals: An evolutionary overview |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2002 |
Publication |
Biology and Philosophy |
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17 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
459-476 |
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Evolutionary biologists have grappled with the question of the emergenceand maintenance of cooperation since Darwin first listed animal cooperation asapotential problem for his theory of natural selection. Here I review four pathsthat have been delineated in the study of intra-specific cooperation amonganimals. These paths – kinship, reciprocity, byproduct mutualism andgroupselection – serve as a starting point for behavioral ecologistsinterestedstudying the initiation and maintenance of cooperation. After reviewing theempirical and theoretical underpinnings of these paths to cooperation, I touchupon some recent work that has attempted to examine (or reexamine) the role ofphylogeny, punishment and morality in the light of cooperative behavior. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2179 |
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Earley, R.L.; Tinsley, M.; Dugatkin, L.A. |
Title |
To see or not to see: does previewing a future opponent affect the contest behavior of green swordtail males (Xiphophorus helleri)? |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Naturwissenschaften |
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90 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
226-230 |
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Animals assess the fighting ability of conspecifics either by engaging in aggressive interactions or observing contests between others. However, whether individuals assess physical prowess outside the context of aggressive interactions remains unknown. We examined whether male green swordtails (Xiphophorus helleri) extract information about the fighting ability of solitary individuals via observation and whether acquiring such information elicits behavioral modifications. Contests preceded by mutual visual assessment were significantly shorter than fights where only one or neither of the two individuals was informed in advance. Focal animals initiated aggressive behavior more often against larger opponents only after previewing their adversary, indicating that swordtails can extract information about relative body size from watching solitary conspecifics. When a fighting disadvantage is perceived, observers adopt tactics that increase their probability of winning the contest. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2180 |
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Dugatkin, L.A.; Mesterton-Gibbons, M.; Houston, A.I. |
Title |
Beyond the prisoner's dilemma: Toward models to discriminate among mechanisms of cooperation in nature |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1992 |
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Trends Evol. Ecol. |
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7 |
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202-205 |
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The iterated prisoner's dilemma game, or IPD, has now established itself as the orthodox paradigm for theoretical investigations of the evolution of cooperation; but its scope is restricted to reciprocity, which is only one of three categories of cooperation among unrelated individuals. Even within that category, a cooperative encounter has in general three phases, and the IPD has nothing to say about two of them. To distinguish among mechanisms of cooperation in nature, future theoretical work on the evolution of cooperation must distance itself from economics and develop games as a refinement of ethology's comparative approach. |
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10.1016/0169-5347(92)90074-L |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4843 |
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Author |
Hasenjager, M.J.; Dugatkin, L.A. |
Title |
Social Network Analysis in Behavioral Ecology |
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Animal personalities; Animal social networks; Collective behavior; Cooperation; Dynamic networks; Emergent properties; Network theory; Social behavior; Social learning; Social structure |
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Abstract In recent years, behavioral ecologists have embraced social network analysis (SNA) in order to explore the structure of animal societies and the functional consequences of that structure. We provide a conceptual introduction to the field that focuses on historical developments, as well as on novel insights generated by recent work. First, we discuss major advances in the analysis of nonhuman societies, culminating in the use of SNA by behavioral ecologists. Next, we discuss how network-based approaches have enhanced our understanding of social structure and behavior over the past decade, focusing on: (1) information transmission, (2) collective behaviors, (3) animal personality, and (4) cooperation. These behaviors and phenomena possess several features—e.g., indirect effects, emergent properties—that network analysis is well equipped to handle. Finally, we highlight recent developments in SNA that are allowing behavioral ecologists to address increasingly sophisticated questions regarding the structure and function of animal sociality. |
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Academic Press |
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Advances in the Study of Behavior |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Hasenjager |
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5863 |
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Earley, R.L.; Druen, M.; Alan Dugatkin, L. |
Title |
Watching fights does not alter a bystander's response towards naive conspecifics in male green swordtail fish, Xiphophorus helleri |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
Volume |
69 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1139-1145 |
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Bystanders are capable of extracting cues from signalling interactions between others and appear to use information gained via eavesdropping when confronted with the watched individuals. A question that has gained little attention is whether observing fights affects bystander behaviour outside the context of interacting with the watched individuals. Our aim was to determine whether watching fights elicits general changes in bystander aggression levels in Xiphophorus helleri. We manipulated the bystanders' ability to witness encounters using clear, one-way-mirror and opaque partitions. After watching (or not watching) an initial contest, the bystanders were pitted against naive conspecifics instead of the animals they had seen fight. Observing fights did not alter the bystanders' propensity to initiate aggression, escalate, or win against naive individuals, indicating that bystanders do not experience general changes in aggressive behaviour after watching a fight. Earlier work in this species, however, has shown that bystanders respond in predictable ways to individuals they have witnessed winning or losing a fight. Taken together, these data support the notion that bystanders consistently modify their behaviour towards previously watched winners or losers in response to information gained via eavesdropping. We discuss our results in light of some recent work on the behavioural and endocrinological responses triggered by watching fights and suggest that comparative approaches to understanding networking phenomena may be productive. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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394 |
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Author |
Wilson, D.S.; Dugatkin, L.A. |
Title |
A reply to Lombardi & Hurlbert |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1996 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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52 |
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2 |
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423-425 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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475 |
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Dugatkin, L.A.; Wilson, D.S. |
Title |
Choice experiments and cognition: a reply to Lamprecht & Hofer |
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Journal Article |
Year |
1994 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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47 |
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6 |
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1459-1461 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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479 |
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Mesterton-Gibbons, M.; Dugatkin, L.A. |
Title |
Cooperation and the Prisoner's Dilemma: towards testable models of mutualism versus reciprocity |
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Journal Article |
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1997 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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54 |
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3 |
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551-557 |
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For the purpose of distinguishing between mutualism and reciprocity in nature, recent work on the evolution of cooperation has both oversimplifed and undersimplified the distinction between these two categories of cooperation. This article addresses the resulting issues of model testability, clarifies the role of time and argues that the category of `pseudo-reciprocity' is an unnecessary complication. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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480 |
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Dugatkin, L.A. |
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Tit for Tat, by-product mutualism and predator inspection: a reply to Connor |
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1996 |
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Animal Behaviour. |
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Anim. Behav. |
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51 |
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2 |
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455-457 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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487 |
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