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| Author | Whiten, A.; Ham, R. | ||||
| Title | On the nature and evolution of imitation in the animal kingdom: reappraisal of a century of research. | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1992 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal  |
Adv. Study Behav. | |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | Pages | 239-283 | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5599 | ||
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| Author | Salmivalli, C.; Lagerspetz, K.; Björkqvist, K.; Österman, K.; Kaukiainen, A. | ||||
| Title | Bullying as a group process: Participant roles and their relations to social status within the group | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Aggressive Behavior | Abbreviated Journal |
Aggr. Behav. |
| Volume | 22 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 1-15 |
| Keywords | aggressive behavior; peer relations; roles; social acceptance; social groups; victimization | ||||
| Abstract | Bullying was investigated as a group process, a social phenomenon taking place in a school setting among 573 Finnish sixth-grade children (286 girls, 287 boys) aged 12–13 years. Different Participant Roles taken by individual children in the bullying process were examined and related to a) self-estimated behavior in bullying situations, b) social acceptance and social rejection, and c) belongingness to one of the five sociometric status groups (popular, rejected, neglected, controversial, and average). The Participant Roles assigned to the subject were Victim, Bully, Reinforcer of the bully, Assistant of the bully, Defender of the victim, and Outsider. There were significant sex differences in the distribution of Participant Roles. Boys were more frequently in the roles of Bully, Reinforcer and Assistant, while the most frequent roles of the girls were those of Defender and Outsider. The subjects were moderately well aware of their Participant Roles, although they underestimated their participation in active bullying behavior and emphasized that they acted as Defenders and Outsiders. The sociometric status of the children was found to be connected to their Participant Roles. © 1996 Wiley-Liss, Inc. | ||||
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| Publisher | Wiley Subscription Services, Inc., A Wiley Company | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1098-2337 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5435 | ||
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| Author | Doré,F.Y.; Fiset,S.; Goulet,S.; Dumans,M.-C.; Gagnon,S. | ||||
| Title | Search behavior in cats and dogs Interspecific differences in working memory and spatial cognition | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1996 | Publication | Animal Learning & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Learn. & Behav. |
| Volume | 24 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 142-149 |
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| Abstract | Cats and dogs search behavior was compared in different problems where an object was visibly moved behind a screen that was then visibly moved to a new position. In Experiments 1 (cats) and 2 (dogs), one group was tested with identical screens and the other group was tested with dissimilar screens. Results showed that in both species, search behavior was based on processing of spatial information rather than on recognition of the visual features of the target screen. Cats and dogs were unable to find the object by inferring its invisible movement. They reached a high level of success only if there was direct perceptual evidence that the object could not be at its initial position. When the position change was indicated by an indirect cue, cats searched more at the object`s initial than final position, whereas dogs searched equally at both positions. Interspecific similarities and differences are interpreted in terms of the requirements for resetting working memory. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 537 | ||
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| Author | SYLVAIN GAGNON,FRANCOISY. DORE | ||||
| Title | Search behavior of dogs (Canis familiaris) in invisible displacement problems | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1993 | Publication | Animal Learning & Behavior | Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Learn. & Behav. |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 246-254 |
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| Abstract | Gagnon and Dor (1992) showed that domestic dogs are able to solve a Piagetian object permanence task called the invisible displacement problem. A toy is hidden in a container which is moved behind a screen where the toy is removed and left. Dogs make more errors in these problems than they do in visible displacement tests, in which the object is hidden directly behind the target screen. In Experiment 1, we examinedcomponents ofthe standard procedure of invisible displacements that may make encoding or retention of the hiding location more difficult than it is in visible displacements. In Experiment 2, we compared dogs performances in visible and invisible displacement problems when delays of 0, 10, and 20 sec were introduced between the objects final disappearance and the subjects release. The results revealed that dogs poorer performance in invisible displacement tests is related to the complex sequence of events that have to be encoded or remembered as well as to a difficulty in representing the position change that is signaled, but not directly perceived. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 538 | ||
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| Author | NICOLA J. ROONEY & JOHN W. S. BRADSHAW | ||||
| Title | Social cognition in the domestic dog: behaviour of spectators towards participants in interspecific games | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2005 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 72 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 343-352 |
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| Abstract | previous termSocial cognition,next term in particular the derivation of previous termsocialnext term information from observation of interactions between members of a previous termsocialnext term group, has been widely investigated in primates, but it has received little attention in other previous termsocialnext term mammals, although it has been anecdotally reported in the previous termdomestic dog,next term Canis familiaris. We recorded the behaviour of previous termdogsnext term (“spectators”) that had observed controlled interactions between a human and a previous termdognext term (the “demonstrator”) competing for an object, and that were subsequently allowed to interact freely with both participants. When the competitions were playful, as indicated by signals performed by the human, the spectator was more likely to approach the winner first and/or more rapidly, suggesting that winners of games are perceived as desirable previous termsocialnext term partners. When the human did not perform play signals, changing the previous termsocialnext term context from play to contest over a resource, spectators were slower to approach either of the participants, suggesting that participants in contests were less desirable as previous termsocialnext term partners than participants in games. If the previous termdognext term was prevented from seeing the game, it still reacted differently to the winner and the loser, but its behaviour was not the same as after games that it had seen. We conclude that spectator previous termdogsnext term gain information from the players' subsequent behaviour as well as from direct observation of the game. | ||||
| Address | N. J. Rooney, Anthrozoology Institute, School of Clinical Veterinary Sciences, University of Bristol, Langford, Bristol BS40 5DU, U.K. | ||||
| Corporate Author | Anthrozoology Institute, University of Bristol, U.K. | Thesis | |||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial | 29 | ||
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| Author | Mateo, J.M. | ||||
| Title | The nature and representation of individual recognition odours in Belding's ground squirrels | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 71 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 141-154 |
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| Abstract | In many taxonomic groups, odours provide cues to species identity, reproductive status, genetic relatedness and individual identity. These odour cues are often used to mark territories or other resources and to recognize individuals through direct or indirect olfactory investigation. Belding's ground squirrels, Spermophilus beldingi, frequently scent-mark their environment and they also investigate the scent glands of conspecifics, which suggests that odours play a modulating role in their social relationships. I conducted studies to determine what information is conveyed by various S. beldingi odours and whether this information is used by conspecifics for social recognition. Spermophilus beldingi produce a number of cues that are individually distinct, including odours from oral, dorsal, pedal and anal glands and from ears, but apparently not from urine, although it is unclear whether all of these odours are used for social recognition. This discrimination among odours of individuals does not require prior familiarity with the odour bearers. The volatile components of some odours are sufficient to permit individual discrimination, which may explain how animals appear to [`]recognize' each other from a short distance. Finally, S. beldingi incorporate multiple odours into their memories of conspecifics as perception of one odour of an individual generalizes to a second odour from it, suggesting a mental representation of familiar individuals. The production of multiple unique odours may facilitate accurate discrimination of conspecifics along several social dimensions, and some of these odours also vary with relatedness. Together, these results indicate a rich olfactory milieu mediating the social lives of S. beldingi. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4640 | ||
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| Author | Mendres,Kimberly A.; de Waal,Frans B. M. | ||||
| Title | Capuchins do cooperate: the advantage of an intuitive task | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 60 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 523-529 |
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| Abstract | We used a cooperative pulling task to examine proximate aspects of cooperation in captive brown capuchin monkeys, Cebus apella. Specifically, our goal was to determine whether capuchins can learn the contingency between their partner's participation in a task and its successful completion. We examined whether the monkeys visually monitored their partners and adjusted pulling behaviour according to their partner's presence. Results on five same-sex pairs of adults indicate that (1) elimination of visual contact between partners significantly decreased success, (2) subjects glanced at their partners significantly more in cooperative tests than in control tests in which no partner-assistance was needed, and (3) they pulled at significantly higher rates when their partner was present rather than absent. Therefore, in contrast to a previous report by Chalmeau et al. (1997, Animal Behaviour, 54, 1215-1225), cooperating capuchins do seem able to take the role of their partner into account. However, the type of task used may be an important factor affecting the level of coordination achieved. Copyright 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. | ||||
| Address | Living Links, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:11032655 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 185 | ||
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| Author | de Waal, Frans B. M. | ||||
| Title | Attitudinal reciprocity in food sharing among brown capuchin monkeys | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2000 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 60 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 253-261 |
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| Abstract | Capuchin monkeys (Cebus apella) share food even if separated by a mesh restraint. Pairs of capuchins were moved into a test chamber in which one of them received apple pieces for 20 min, and the other received carrot pieces for the next 20 min. Previous research had shown a correlation between the rate of food transfer in both directions across female-female dyads. The present study confirmed this result. Reciprocity across dyads can be explained, however, by symmetry in affiliative and tolerant tendencies between two individuals, provided these tendencies determine food sharing. The present study was designed to exclude this symmetry-based explanation by testing each pair (N=16) of adult females on six separate occasions. There existed a significant covariation across tests of sharing in both dyadic directions, a result unexplained by relationship symmetry. Moreover, control procedures (i.e. testing of a food possessor without a partner, or testing of two individuals with the same food or two different foods at the same time) indicated that behaviour during food trials is not fully explained by mutual attraction or aversion. The monkeys take the quality of their own and the partner's food into account, and possessors limit transfers of high-quality foods. Instead of a symmetry-based reciprocity explanation, a mediating role of memory is suggested, and a mirroring of social attitude between partners. Copyright 2000 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. | ||||
| Address | Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center and Department of Psychology, Emory University, Atlanta | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:10973728 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 186 | ||
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| Author | Call, J.; Aureli,F.; de Waal, F.B. M. | ||||
| Title | Reconciliation patterns among stumptailed macaques: a multivariate approach | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1999 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 58 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 165-172 |
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| Abstract | This study focused on two aspects of the dynamics of reconciliation in stumptailed macaques, Macaca arctoides. First, we investigated the combined effects of multiple variables (i.e. sex, age, rank, conflict intensity, outcome, or number of participants, interopponent distance, kinship and friendship) on the occurrence of reconciliation. Second, we investigated whether opponents used different behaviour patterns in their postconflict reunions depending on the characteristics of their conflicts or their relationship with their opponents. We studied a multimale, multifemale group of 38 stumptailed macaques housed in a large outdoor compound. Three types of data were collected: (1) instantaneous scan sampling of contact sitting to infer 'friendship'; (2) ad libitum data on bared-teeth and teeth-chattering displays to infer dominance rank; (3) 10-min focal observations during postconflict (PC) and matched control (MC) periods in which we recorded interopponent distance at the beginning of the observation and all aggressive and affiliative behaviours between former opponents. Our study confirmed the high conciliatory tendency of stumptailed macaques previously reported for other groups. A stepwise logistic regression revealed that initial interopponent distance in PC, friendship and kinship were the only factors that independently contributed to explain the occurrence of reconciliation. Two main clusters of postconflict behavioural patterns emerged: allogrooming+contact sitting and sociosexual behaviours (e.g. hold-bottom). It is hypothesized that postconflict allogrooming and contact sitting may be used for the maintenance of valuable relationships, whereas sociosexual behaviours may be used more indiscriminately by any pair of opponents as a buffering mechanism to prevent immediate recurrence of aggression. Copyright 1999 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. | ||||
| Address | School of Biological Sciences, University of Liverpool | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:10413553 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 194 | ||
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| Author | Judge, P.G.; De Waa,l F.B.M. | ||||
| Title | Rhesus monkey behaviour under diverse population densities: coping with long-term crowding | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 1997 | Publication | Animal Behaviour. | Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
| Volume | 54 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 643-662 |
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| Abstract | A popular view is that high population density promotes behavioural pathology, particularly increased aggression. In contrast, according to a coping model, some primates have behavioural mechanisms (e.g. formal displays, reconciliation and grooming) that regulate social tensions and control the negative consequences of crowding. Seven captive rhesus monkey groups, Macaca mulattawere observed over a wide range of population densities where high-density groups were over 2000 times more crowded than low-density free-ranging groups. As density increased, male rhesus monkeys increased grooming and huddling but did not increase rates of aggression. Females increased all categories of behaviour examined (heavy aggression, mild aggression, formal bared-teeth displays, grooming and huddling), but the increases were not distributed uniformly to all classes of partners. Females increased only grooming, huddling and appeasement displays to males, increased only aggression and huddling with kin and increased all categories of behaviour to non-kin adult females. There were no differences in the percentage of aggressive conflicts reconciled across density conditions. Increased density had different effects on particular relationships. Relationships between females and males were characterized by a coping pattern in which animals modified their behaviour in ways that may decrease aggression under crowded conditions. Female relationships with kin and non-kin were characterized by increases in both aggression and friendly interactions as density increased. The different patterns of response to higher density may reflect different strategies depending on the strength and stability of relationships and the potential consequences if certain relationships are disrupted.1997The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour | ||||
| Address | Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center and Department of Psychology, Emory University | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0003-3472 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:9299049 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 199 | ||
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