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Author OUSTALET E
Title Une nouvelle espèce de zèbre, Type Journal Article
Year 1882 Publication Abbreviated Journal La Nature
Volume 10 Issue Pages 12-14
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 1444
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Author Hoyt Df, T.C.
Title Gait and the energetics of locomotion in horses Type Journal Article
Year 1981 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 292 Issue Pages 239-240
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 1205
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Author Fedak Ma, S.H.
Title Reappraisal of energetics of locomotion shows identical cost in bipeds and quadrupeds including ostrich and horse Type Journal Article
Year 1979 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 282 Issue Pages 713-716
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 1079
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Author Ewart Jc,
Title The wild horse Type Journal Article
Year 1903 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 68 Issue Pages 271-274
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 1076
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Author Eisenmann V,
Title Le cheval: Passé, présent et avenir. Type Journal Article
Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal Bull Inf Mus Nat Hist Naturelle
Volume 30 Issue Pages 29-34
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Notes from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List Approved no
Call Number Serial 1052
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Author Dyer, F.C.
Title Animal behaviour: when it pays to waggle Type
Year 2002 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 419 Issue 6910 Pages 885-886
Keywords *Animal Communication; Animals; Bees/*physiology; California; Dancing/physiology; Environment; Evolution; Female; Flowers/chemistry; *Food; Gravitation; Lighting; Motor Activity/*physiology; Odors; Seasons; Sunlight
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ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:12410290 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 769
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Author Whiten, A.; Goodall, J.; McGrew, W.C.; Nishida, T.; Reynolds, V.; Sugiyama, Y.; Tutin, C.E.; Wrangham, R.W.; Boesch, C.
Title Cultures in chimpanzees Type Journal Article
Year 1999 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 399 Issue 6737 Pages 682-685
Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cognition; *Culture; Humans; Pan troglodytes/*physiology; Species Specificity
Abstract As an increasing number of field studies of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) have achieved long-term status across Africa, differences in the behavioural repertoires described have become apparent that suggest there is significant cultural variation. Here we present a systematic synthesis of this information from the seven most long-term studies, which together have accumulated 151 years of chimpanzee observation. This comprehensive analysis reveals patterns of variation that are far more extensive than have previously been documented for any animal species except humans. We find that 39 different behaviour patterns, including tool usage, grooming and courtship behaviours, are customary or habitual in some communities but are absent in others where ecological explanations have been discounted. Among mammalian and avian species, cultural variation has previously been identified only for single behaviour patterns, such as the local dialects of song-birds. The extensive, multiple variations now documented for chimpanzees are thus without parallel. Moreover, the combined repertoire of these behaviour patterns in each chimpanzee community is itself highly distinctive, a phenomenon characteristic of human cultures but previously unrecognised in non-human species.
Address Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, UK
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ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:10385119 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 742
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Author Whiten, A.; McGrew, W.C.
Title Is this the first portrayal of tool use by a chimp? Type
Year 2001 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 409 Issue 6816 Pages 12
Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Pan troglodytes/*physiology; Philately
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Notes PMID:11343083 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 739
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Author Whiten, A.
Title The second inheritance system of chimpanzees and humans Type Journal Article
Year 2005 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 437 Issue 7055 Pages 52-55
Keywords Animals; Animals, Wild/physiology/psychology; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Culture; Female; Humans; Imitative Behavior; Learning/*physiology; Pan troglodytes/*physiology/psychology; *Social Behavior; Technology
Abstract Half a century of dedicated field research has brought us from ignorance of our closest relatives to the discovery that chimpanzee communities resemble human cultures in possessing suites of local traditions that uniquely identify them. The collaborative effort required to establish this picture parallels the one set up to sequence the chimpanzee genome, and has revealed a complex social inheritance system that complements the genetic picture we are now developing.
Address Centre for Social Learning and Cognitive Evolution, and Scottish Primate Research Group, School of Psychology, University of St Andrews, St Andrews, Fife KY16 9JP, UK. a.whiten@st-and.ac.uk
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ISSN 1476-4687 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:16136127 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 730
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Author Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L.
Title Grooming, alliances and reciprocal altruism in vervet monkeys Type Journal Article
Year 1984 Publication Nature Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 308 Issue 5959 Pages 541-543
Keywords *Altruism; Animals; Cercopithecus/*physiology; Cercopithecus aethiops/*physiology; *Grooming; *Social Behavior; Vocalization, Animal
Abstract Reciprocal altruism refers to the exchange of beneficial acts between individuals, in which the benefits to the recipient exceed the cost to the altruist. Theory predicts that cooperation among unrelated animals can occur whenever individuals encounter each other regularly and are capable of adjusting their cooperative behaviour according to experience. Although the potential for reciprocal altruism exists in many animal societies, most interactions occur between closely related individuals, and examples of reciprocity among non-kin are rare. The field experiments on vervet monkeys which we present here demonstrate that grooming between unrelated individuals increases the probability that they will subsequently attend to each others' solicitations for aid. Vervets appear to be more willing to aid unrelated individuals if those individuals have behaved affinitively toward them in the recent past. In contrast, recent grooming between close genetic relatives appears to have no effect on their willingness to respond to each other's solicitations for aid.
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ISSN 0028-0836 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:6709060 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 704
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