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Author |
Nelson, G.S. |
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Title |
Onchocerciasis |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1970 |
Publication |
Advances in Parasitology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Adv Parasitol |
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Volume |
8 |
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Pages |
173-224 |
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Keywords |
Africa; Animals; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use; Artiodactyla; Blindness/etiology; Cattle; Circadian Rhythm; Ddt; Diethylcarbamazine/therapeutic use; Diptera/anatomy & histology/growth & development; Dwarfism/etiology; Ecology; Eye/pathology; Feeding Behavior; Female; Geography; Haplorhini; Hernia, Femoral/etiology; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors/growth & development; Larva/growth & development; Male; Onchocerca/classification/growth & development; *Onchocerciasis/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology/immunology/pathology/prevention & control/veterinary; Primates; Serologic Tests; Skin/pathology; Skin Tests; Suramin/therapeutic use |
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0065-308X |
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PMID:4997515 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2738 |
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Author |
Katz, M.; Lachlan, R.F. |
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Title |
Social learning of food types in zebra finches (Taenopygia guttata) is directed by demonstrator sex and feeding activity |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2003 |
Publication |
Animal Cognition |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Cogn. |
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6 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
11-16 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Color; Diet; *Feeding Behavior; Female; *Learning; Male; Sex Factors; *Social Behavior; *Songbirds |
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Abstract |
In this study we examined how social learning of feeding preferences by zebra finches was affected by the identity of different demonstrators. We presented adult zebra finches with two demonstrators, one male and one female, that exhibited different food choices, and we recorded their subsequent preference when given a choice between the two food types. Previously it was found that young zebra finches' patterns of social learning are affected by the sex of the individual demonstrating a feeding behaviour. This result could be explained by the lack of exposure these animals had to the opposite sex, or by their mating status. Therefore, we investigated the social learning preferences of adult mated zebra finches. We found the same pattern of directed social learning of a different type of feeding behaviour (food colour): female zebra finches preferred the colour of food eaten by male demonstrators, whereas male zebra finches showed little evidence of any preference for the colour of food eaten by female demonstrators. Furthermore, we found that female observers' preferences were biased by demonstrators' relative feeding activity: the female demonstrator was only ever preferred if it ate less than its male counterpart. |
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Institute of Evolutionary and Ecological Science, University of Leiden, Kaiserstraat 63, 2311GP, Leiden, The Netherlands |
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1435-9448 |
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PMID:12658531 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2585 |
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Author |
Lamoot, I.; Callebaut, J.; Demeulenaere, E.; Vandenberghe, C.; Hoffmann, M. |
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Title |
Foraging behaviour of donkeys grazing in a coastal dune area in temperate climate conditions |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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Volume |
92 |
Issue |
1-2 |
Pages |
93-112 |
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Keywords |
Grazing behaviour; Habitat use; Donkey; Equid; Diet composition |
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A small herd of donkeys was introduced in a coastal dune reserve `Houtsaegerduinen' (ca. 80 ha) in Belgium, in order to slow down expansion of dominant grass and shrub species. The Houtsaegerduinen is a nutrient poor scrub-dominated dune system with a spatially heterogeneous vegetation pattern. Different aspects of the grazing behaviour (grazing time, bite rate, habitat use, diet composition) of the free-ranging donkeys are described and analysed. Behavioural data (of maximum six adult mares) were collected through continuous focal animal observation in three consecutive years (1998-2001). Temporal variation in grazing time, habitat use and diet composition was determined. During daylight, donkeys spent most of their time on grazing (56%). In all 3 years, grazing time was significantly shorter in summer (45% of their time), longest grazing times were achieved in spring (64%). In spring, the donkeys also achieved the highest bite rate (21.5 bites/min). The grassy habitat was preferred for foraging in all seasons, while the use of scrub and woodland was variable over time. Averaged over the four seasons, the general diet consisted for 80% of graminoids, 10% of forbs and 10% of woody plants. However, diet composition varied not only among seasons and years, but depended also on the foraged habitat type. We discuss the possible role of the donkeys in nature management. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2338 |
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Author |
Ben-Shahar, R |
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Title |
Selectivity in large generalist herbivores: feeding patterns of African ungulates in a semi-arid habitat |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1991 |
Publication |
African Journal of Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Afr. J. Ecol. |
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Volume |
29 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
302-315 |
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Keywords |
diet; forage production; grazing; wildebeest; zebra |
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Abstract |
Feeding habits of free-ranging wildebeest and zebra were monitored in a semi-arid nature reserve, bordering the southwestern part of Kruger National Park, South Africa. The purpose of study was to distinguish and define the feeding niches of two roughage grazers that occur in similar habitat types. The monthly compositions of diets were evaluated by direct observations of feeding bouts over a period of two years when rainfall patterns were average and animal populations were stable. Other analyses evaluated the standing biomass of grass species in the reserve during the wet summer and dry winter seasons.
A considerable overlap of grass species composition was found in the diets of wildebeest and zebra. Ordination of bi-monthly records of the diet composition showed greater variations in scores of grasses in zebra diet in comparison to wildebeest. Seasonal patterns were more apparent in the wildebeest diet. Preference ranking of grass species indicated that zebra diet remained constant in winter and summer. Wildebeest diet however, alternated with seasons, showing high preferences during the winter months for grass species which were rejected during summer.
The combined assessment of results from three separate statistical methods analysing temporal patterns and preferences in diet composition revealed contradictory trends. The solution, however, relied on the initial assumptions posed. Hence, wildebeest and zebra are essentially generalist feeders which show a limited amount of preference in their choice of diet. |
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no |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2226 |
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Author |
Belonje, P.C.; van Niekerk, C.H. |
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Title |
A review of the influence of nutrition upon the oestrous cycle and early pregnancy in the mare |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1975 |
Publication |
Journal of Reproduction and Fertility. Supplement |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Reprod Fertil Suppl |
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Issue |
23 |
Pages |
167-169 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Body Weight; *Diet; *Estrus; Female; Fertility; Fetal Resorption/prevention & control; Horses/*physiology; Pregnancy |
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Attention is drawn to the beneficial effect of improved nutrition during winter and early spring on the ovarian activity of mares. Furthermore, the necessity of an adequate plane of nutrition during early pregnancy to prevent embryonic resorption is stressed. |
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0449-3087 |
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PMID:1060772 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2225 |
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Author |
Macfadden, B.J. |
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Title |
Evolution. Fossil horses--evidence for evolution |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2005 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
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Volume |
307 |
Issue |
5716 |
Pages |
1728-1730 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Body Size; DNA, Mitochondrial; Diet; *Equidae/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics; *Evolution; Feeding Behavior; *Fossils; *Horses/anatomy & histology/classification/genetics; Paleodontology; Phylogeny; Time; Tooth/anatomy & histology |
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Florida Museum of Natural History, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. bmacfadd@flmnh.ufl.edu |
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1095-9203 |
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PMID:15774746 |
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1892 |
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Author |
Jansen, W.L.; van Alphen, M.; Berghout, M.; Everts, H.; Beynen, A.C. |
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Title |
An approach to assessment of the efficiency of dietary energy utilization by horses and ponies kept at riding schools |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2001 |
Publication |
The Veterinary quarterly |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Q |
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23 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
195-198 |
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*Animal Feed; Animal Husbandry; Animals; Body Weight; Dietary Fats; Dietary Fiber; *Energy Intake; *Energy Metabolism; Female; Horses/*physiology; Male |
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The ratio of calculated net energy intake (NEi) to calculate net energy requirement (NEr) might serve as an indicator of the efficiency of dietary energy utilization. The ratio was determined for 93 horses and ponies from 10 riding schools. For each animal with an assumed constant body weight, energy intake and energy requirements were assessed. On average, the estimated NEi was 14% greater than NEr. There was a significant, negative association between crude fibre intake and the NEi: NEr ratio. Earlier work indicated that extra fat intake may lead to over estimation of the calculated energy value of the ration due to changes in macronutrient digestibility. Dietary fat concentration was found to range from 32 to 52 g/kg dry matter (5 to 6 g/MJ net energy), but on the basis of digestibility trials this range in fat concentration is too small to significantly influence the NEi: NEr ratio. This study shows that assessment of the efficiency of dietary energy utilization under normal conditions, on the basis of the NEi: NEr ratio is fraught with uncertainty. |
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Department of Nutrition, Faculty of Veterinary, Medicine, Utrecht University, The Netherlands |
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0165-2176 |
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PMID:11765239 |
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1807 |
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Author |
Robitaille, J.; Brouillette, C.; Lemieux, S.; Perusse, L.; Gaudet, D.; Vohl, M.C. |
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Title |
Plasma concentrations of apolipoprotein B are modulated by a gene-diet interaction effect between the LFABP T94A polymorphism and dietary fat intake in French-Canadian men |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Molecular Genetics and Metabolism |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mol Genet Metabol |
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82 |
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4 |
Pages |
296-303 |
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Apolipoprotein B; Gene-diet interaction; Liver fatty acid-binding protein; Metabolic syndrome |
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Hyperapobetalipoproteinemia is a common feature of the metabolic syndrome and could result from the interaction between genetic and dietary factors. The objective of this study was to verify whether dietary fat intake interacts with the T94A polymorphism of the liver fatty acid-binding protein (LFABP) gene to modulate plasma apolipoprotein (apo) B levels. Dietary fat and saturated fat intakes were obtained by a dietitian-administered food frequency questionnaire and the LFABP T94A genotype was determined by a PCR-RFLP based method in 623 French-Canadian men recruited through the Chicoutimi Lipid Clinic (279 T94/T94, 285 T94/A94, and 59 A94/A94). The LFABP T94A polymorphism was not associated with plasma apo B levels when fat intake was not taken into consideration. However, in a model including the polymorphism, fat intake expressed as a percentage of total energy intake, the interaction term and covariates, the variance in apo B concentrations was partly explained by the LFABP T94A polymorphism (5.24%, p=0.01) and by the LFABP T94A * fat interaction (6.25%, p=0.005). Results were similar when saturated fat replaced fat intake in the model (4.49%, p=0.02 for LFABP T94A and 6.43%, p=0.004 for the interaction). Moreover, in men consuming more than 30% of energy from fat, the odds ratio for having plasma apo B levels above 1.04 g/L for A94 carriers was of 0.40 (p=0.02) compared to T94/T94 homozygotes. Results were similar for carriers of the A94 allele consuming more than 10% of energy from saturated fat (OR: 0.32, p=0.005). In conclusion, T94/T94 exhibit higher apo B levels whereas carriers of the A94 allele seem to be protected against high apo B levels when consuming a high fat and saturated fat diet. These findings reinforce the importance to take into account gene-diet interactions in the prevention and management of the metabolic syndrome. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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799 |
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Author |
Nicol, C.J.; Davidson, H.P.D.; Harris, P.A.; Waters, A.J.; Wilson, A.D. |
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Title |
Study of crib-biting and gastric inflammation and ulceration in young horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2002 |
Publication |
The Veterinary record |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet. Rec. |
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Volume |
151 |
Issue |
22 |
Pages |
658-662 |
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Animal Husbandry/methods; Animals; Antacids/therapeutic use; *Behavior, Animal; Diet/veterinary; Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal/veterinary; Feces/chemistry; Female; Gastritis/diet therapy/physiopathology/*veterinary; Horse Diseases/diet therapy/*physiopathology/psychology; Horses; Hydrogen-Ion Concentration; Male; Random Allocation; Stereotyped Behavior/*physiology; Stomach Ulcer/diet therapy/physiopathology/*veterinary; Treatment Outcome; Weaning |
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Nineteen young horses that had recently started to perform the stereotypy of crib-biting were compared with 16 non-stereotypic horses for 14 weeks. After initial observations of their behaviour and an endoscopic examination of the condition of their stomachs, the horses were randomly allocated to a control or an antacid diet At the start of the trial, the stomachs of the crib-biting foals were significantly more ulcerated and inflamed than the stomachs of the normal foals. In addition, the faecal pH of the crib-biting foals (6.05) was significantly lower than that of the normal foals (6.58). The antacid diet resulted in a significant improvement in the condition of the horses' stomachs. The crib-biting behaviour declined in most of the foals, regardless of their diet, but tended to decline to a greater extent in the foals on the antacid diet. |
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Department of Clinical Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Bristol BS40 5DU |
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0042-4900 |
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PMID:12498408 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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83 |
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Author |
Douglas Wilson, A. |
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The effects of diet on blood glucose, insulin, gastrin and the serum tryptophan: Large neutral amino acid ratio in foals |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
Publication |
The Veterinary Journal |
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Vet J |
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Diet; Horse; Insulin; Gastrin; Tryptophan |
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High carbohydrate diets can affect the health and behaviour of foals, but the mechanisms are not always fully understood. The objective of this study was to compare the effects of feeding a starch and sugar (SS), or a fat (oil) and fibre (FF) rich diet to two groups of eight foals. Diets were fed from 4 to 42 weeks of age, alongside ad libitum forage. Faecal pH levels did not differ significantly between groups and endoscopic examination showed that the gastric mucosa was healthy in both groups at 25 and 42 weeks of age. At 40 weeks of age, SS foals had significantly higher total blood glucose and lower total blood gastrin than FF foals during the 6h period following ingestion of their respective diets, but insulin levels did not differ significantly. The ratio between serum tryptophan and other large neutral amino acids showed a trend towards an interaction between diet and sampling time. The results provide preliminary information about the effects of diet on the physiology of young horses. |
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School of Veterinary Science, University of Bristol, Langford House, Bristol BS40 5DU, UK |
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Amanda J. Badnell-Watersb, Rachel Biceb, Ailison Kellandb, Pat A. Harrisc and Christine J. Nicol |
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1090-0233 |
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PMID:16945560 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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63 |
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