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| Author | Leadbeater, E.; Dawson, E.H. | ||||
| Title | A social insect perspective on the evolution of social learning mechanisms | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A. |
| Volume | 114 | Issue | 30 | Pages | 7838-7845 |
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Abstract  |
The social world offers a wealth of opportunities to learn from others, and across the animal kingdom individuals capitalize on those opportunities. Here, we explore the role of natural selection in shaping the processes that underlie social information use, using a suite of experiments on social insects as case studies. We illustrate how an associative framework can encompass complex, context-specific social learning in the insect world and beyond, and based on the hypothesis that evolution acts to modify the associative process, suggest potential pathways by which social information use could evolve to become more efficient and effective. Social insects are distant relatives of vertebrate social learners, but the research we describe highlights routes by which natural selection could coopt similar cognitive raw material across the animal kingdom. | ||||
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| Notes | 10.1073/pnas.1620744114 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6189 | ||
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| Author | Wallner, B.; Palmieri, N.; Vogl, C.; Rigler, D.; Bozlak, E.; Druml, T.; Jagannathan, V.; Leeb, T.; Fries, R.; Tetens, J.; Thaller, G.; Metzger, J.; Distl, O.; Lindgren, G.; Rubin, C.-J.; Andersson, L.; Schaefer, R.; McCue, M.; Neuditschko, M.; Rieder, S.; Schlötterer, C.; Brem, G. | ||||
| Title | Y Chromosome Uncovers the Recent Oriental Origin of Modern Stallions | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Current Biology | Abbreviated Journal | Current Biology |
| Volume | 27 | Issue | 13 | Pages | 2029-2035.e5 |
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| Abstract |
The Y chromosome directly reflects male genealogies, but the extremely low Y chromosome sequence diversity in horses has prevented the reconstruction of stallion genealogies [1, 2]. Here, we resolve the first Y chromosome genealogy of modern horses by screening 1.46 Mb of the male-specific region of the Y chromosome (MSY) in 52 horses from 21 breeds. Based on highly accurate pedigree data, we estimated the de novo mutation rate of the horse MSY and showed that various modern horse Y chromosome lineages split much later than the domestication of the species. Apart from few private northern European haplotypes, all modern horse breeds clustered together in a roughly 700-year-old haplogroup that was transmitted to Europe by the import of Oriental stallions. The Oriental horse group consisted of two major subclades: the Original Arabian lineage and the Turkoman horse lineage. We show that the English Thoroughbred MSY was derived from the Turkoman lineage and that English Thoroughbred sires are largely responsible for the predominance of this haplotype in modern horses. | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 0960-9822 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2017.05.086 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6669 | ||
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| Author | Liedtke, J.; Schneider, J.M. | ||||
| Title | Social makes smart: rearing conditions affect learning and social behaviour in jumping spiders | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 20 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 1093-1106 |
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| Abstract |
There is a long-standing debate as to whether social or physical environmental aspects drive the evolution and development of cognitive abilities. Surprisingly few studies make use of developmental plasticity to compare the effects of these two domains during development on behaviour later in life. Here, we present rearing effects on the development of learning abilities and social behaviour in the jumping spider Marpissa muscosa. These spiders are ideally suited for this purpose because they possess the ability to learn and can be reared in groups but also in isolation without added stress. This is a critical but rarely met requirement for experimentally varying the social environment to test its impact on cognition. We split broods of spiders and reared them either in a physically or in a socially enriched environment. A third group kept under completely deprived conditions served as a 'no-enrichment' control. We tested the spiders' learning abilities by using a modified T-maze. Social behaviour was investigated by confronting spiders with their own mirror image. Results show that spiders reared in groups outperform their conspecifics from the control, i.e. 'no-enrichment', group in both tasks. Physical enrichment did not lead to such an increased performance. We therefore tentatively suggest that growing up in contact with conspecifics induces the development of cognitive abilities in this species. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1435-9456 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Liedtke2017 | Serial | 6191 | ||
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| Author | Guidi, A.; Lanata, A.; Valenza, G.; Scilingo, E.P.; Baragli, P. | ||||
| Title | Validation of smart textile electrodes for electrocardiogram monitoring in free-moving horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research | Abbreviated Journal | J. Vet. Behav. |
| Volume | 17 | Issue | Pages | 19-23 | |
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This article focuses on the validation of smart textile electrodes used to acquire electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in horses in a comfortable and robust manner. The performance of smart textile electrodes is compared with standard Ag/AgCl electrodes in terms of the percentage of motion artifacts (MAs, the noise that results from the movement of electrodes against the skin) and signal quality. Seven healthy Standardbred mares were equipped with 2 identical electronic systems for the simultaneous collection of ECGs. One system was equipped with smart textile electrodes, whereas the second was equipped with standard Ag/AgCl electrodes. Each horse was then monitored individually in a stall for 1 hour, without any movement constraints. The ECGs were visually examined by an expert who blindly labeled the ECG segments that had been corrupted by MAs. Finally, the percentage of MAs (MA%) was computed as the number of samples of the corrupted segments over the whole length of the signal. The total MA% was found to be lower for the smart textiles than for the Ag/AgCl electrodes. Consistent results were also obtained by investigating MAs over time. These results suggest that smart textile electrodes are more reliable when recording artifact-free ECGs in horses at rest. Thus, improving the acquisition of important physiological information related to the activity of the autonomic nervous system, such as heart rate variability, could help to provide reliable information on the mood and state of arousal of horses. | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 1558-7878 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.1016/j.jveb.2016.10.001 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6213 | ||
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| Author | Henry, S.; Fureix, C.; Rowberry, R.; Bateson, M.; Hausberger, M. | ||||
| Title | Do horses with poor welfare show 'pessimistic' cognitive biases? | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | The Science of Nature | Abbreviated Journal | Sci. Nat. |
| Volume | 104 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 8 |
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| Abstract |
This field study tested the hypothesis that domestic horses living under putatively challenging-to-welfare conditions (for example involving social, spatial, feeding constraints) would present signs of poor welfare and co-occurring pessimistic judgement biases. Our subjects were 34 horses who had been housed for over 3 years in either restricted riding school situations (e.g. kept in single boxes, with limited roughage, ridden by inexperienced riders; N = 25) or under more naturalistic conditions (e.g. access to free-range, kept in stable social groups, leisure riding; N = 9). The horses' welfare was assessed by recording health-related, behavioural and postural indicators. Additionally, after learning a location task to discriminate a bucket containing either edible food ('positive' location) or unpalatable food ('negative' location), the horses were presented with a bucket located near the positive position, near the negative position and halfway between the positive and negative positions to assess their judgement biases. The riding school horses displayed the highest levels of behavioural and health-related problems and a pessimistic judgment bias, whereas the horses living under more naturalistic conditions displayed indications of good welfare and an optimistic bias. Moreover, pessimistic bias data strongly correlated with poor welfare data. This suggests that a lowered mood impacts a non-human species' perception of its environment and highlights cognitive biases as an appropriate tool to assess the impact of chronic living conditions on horse welfare. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1432-1904 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Henry2017 | Serial | 6665 | ||
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| Author | Schuetz, A.; Farmer, K.; Krueger, K. | ||||
| Title | Social learning across species: horses (Equus caballus) learn from humans by observation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 20 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 567-573 |
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| Abstract |
This study examines whether horses can learn by observing humans, given that they identify individual humans and orientate on the focus of human attention. We tested 24 horses aged between 3 and 12. Twelve horses were tested on whether they would learn to open a feeding apparatus by observing a familiar person. The other 12 were controls and received exactly the same experimental procedure, but without a demonstration of how to operate the apparatus. More horses from the group with demonstration (8/12) reached the learning criterion of opening the feeder twenty times consecutively than horses from the control group (2/12), and younger horses seemed to reach the criterion more quickly. Horses not reaching the learning criteria approached the human experimenters more often than those that did. The results demonstrate that horses learn socially across species, in this case from humans. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1435-9456 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Schuetz2016 | Serial | 6028 | ||
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| Author | Lanata, A.; Guidi, A.; Valenza, G.; Baragli, P.; Scilingo, E. P. | ||||
| Title | The Role of Nonlinear Coupling in Human-Horse Interaction: a Preliminary Study | Type | Conference Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | 2016 38th Annual International Conference of the IEEE Engineering in Medicine and Biology Society (EMBC) | Abbreviated Journal | EMBC |
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This study focuses on the analysis of humanhorse dynamic interaction using cardiovascular information exclusively. Specifically, the Information Theoretic Learning (ITL) approach has been applied to a Human-Horse Interaction paradigm, therefore accounting for the nonlinear information of the heart-heart interplay between humans and horses. Heartbeat dynamics was gathered from humans and horses during three experimental conditions: absence of interaction, visual-olfactory interaction, and brooming. Cross Information Potential, Cross Correntropy, and Correntropy Coefficient were computed to quantitatively estimate nonlinear coupling in a group of eleven subjects and one horse. Results showed a statistical significant difference on all of the three interaction phases. Furthermore, a Support Vector Machine classifier recognized the three conditions with an accuracy of 90:9%. These preliminary and encouraging results suggest that ITL analysis provides viable metrics for the quantitative evaluation of human-horse interaction. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6176 | ||
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| Author | McBride, S.D.; Parker, M.O.; Roberts, K.; Hemmings, A. | ||||
| Title | Applied neurophysiology of the horse; implications for training, husbandry and welfare | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Applied Animal Behaviour Science | Abbreviated Journal | Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
| Volume | 190 | Issue | Pages | 90-101 | |
| Keywords | Horse; Neurophysiology; Behaviour; Endophenotype; Equitation science; Welfare | ||||
| Abstract |
Understanding the neural circuits underlying equine behaviour has the potential to help optimise strategies of husbandry and training. This review discusses two areas of neurophysiological research in a range of species and relates this information to the horse. The first discussion focuses on mechanisms of learning and motivation and assesses how this information can be applied to improve the training of the horse. The second concerns the identification of the equine neurophysiological phenotype, through behavioural and genetic probes, as a way of improving strategies for optimal equine husbandry and training success. The review finishes by identifying directions for future research with an emphasis on how neurophysiological systems (and thus behaviour) can be modified through strategic husbandry. This review highlights how a neurophysioloigical understanding of horse behaviour can play an important role in attaining the primary objectives of equitation science as well as improving the welfare of the horse. | ||||
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| ISSN | 0168-1591 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6627 | ||
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| Author | Bílá, K.; Beránková, J.; Veselý, P.; Bugnyar, T.; Schwab, C. | ||||
| Title | Responses of urban crows to con- and hetero-specific alarm calls in predator and non-predator zoo enclosures | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Animal Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Anim. Cogn. |
| Volume | 20 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 43-51 |
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| Abstract |
Urban animals and birds in particular are able to cope with diverse novel threats in a city environment such as avoiding novel, unfamiliar predators. Predator avoidance often includes alarm signals that can be used also by hetero-specifics, which is mainly the case in mixed-species flocks. It can also occur when species do not form flocks but co-occur together. In this study we tested whether urban crows use alarm calls of conspecifics and hetero-specifics (jackdaws, Corvus monedula) differently in a predator and a non-predator context with partly novel and unfamiliar zoo animal species. Birds were tested at the Tiergarten Schönbrunn in the city of Vienna by playing back con- and hetero-specific alarm calls and control stimuli (great tit song and no stimuli) at predator (wolf, polar bear) and non-predator (eland antelope and cranes, peccaries) enclosures. We recorded responses of crows as the percentage of birds flying away after hearing the playback (out of those present before the playback) and as the number of vocalizations given by the present birds. A significantly higher percentage of crows flew away after hearing either con- or hetero-specific alarm calls, but it did not significantly differ between the predator and the non-predator context. Crows treated jackdaw calls just as crow calls, indicating that they make proper use of hetero-specific alarm calls. Responding similarly in both contexts may suggest that the crows were uncertain about the threat a particular zoo animal represents and were generally cautious. In the predator context, however, a high percentage of crows also flew away upon hearing the great tit control song which suggests that they may still evaluate those species which occasionally killed crows as more dangerous and respond to any conspicuous sound. | ||||
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| ISSN | 1435-9456 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Bílá2017 | Serial | 6159 | ||
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| Author | Rosati, A.G. | ||||
| Title | Foraging Cognition: Reviving the Ecological Intelligence Hypothesis | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Trends in Cognitive Sciences | Abbreviated Journal | Trends in Cognitive Sciences |
| Volume | 21 | Issue | 9 | Pages | 691-702 |
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| Abstract |
What are the origins of intelligent behavior? The demands associated with living in complex social groups have been the favored explanation for the evolution of primate cognition in general and human cognition in particular. However, recent comparative research indicates that ecological variation can also shape cognitive abilities. I synthesize the emerging evidence that ?foraging cognition? ? skills used to exploit food resources, including spatial memory, decision-making, and inhibitory control ? varies adaptively across primates. These findings provide a new framework for the evolution of human cognition, given our species? dependence on costly, high-value food resources. Understanding the origins of the human mind will require an integrative theory accounting for how humans are unique in both our sociality and our ecology. | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 1364-6613 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | doi: 10.1016/j.tics.2017.05.011 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6586 | ||
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