|
Records |
Links |
|
Author |
Allcroft, D. J.; Tolkamp, B. J.; Glasbey, C. A.; Kyriazakis, I. |
|
|
Title |
The importance of `memory' in statistical models for animal feeding behaviour |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2004 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
|
|
Volume |
67 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
99-109 |
|
|
Keywords |
Cow; Feeding data; Bouts; Memory; Satiety; Latent structure; Model comparison |
|
|
Abstract |
We investigate models for animal feeding behaviour, with the aim of improving understanding of how animals organise their behaviour in the short term. We consider three classes of model: hidden Markov, latent Gaussian and semi-Markov. Each can predict the typical `clustered' feeding behaviour that is generally observed, however they differ in the extent to which `memory' of previous behaviour is allowed to affect future behaviour. The hidden Markov model has `lack of memory', the current behavioural state being dependent on the previous state only. The latent Gaussian model assumes feeding/non-feeding periods to occur by the thresholding of an underlying continuous variable, thereby incorporating some `short-term memory'. The semi-Markov model, by taking into account the duration of time spent in the previous state, can be said to incorporate `longer-term memory'. We fit each of these models to a dataset of cow feeding behaviour. We find the semi-Markov model (longer-term memory) to have the best fit to the data and the hidden Markov model (lack of memory) the worst. We argue that in view of effects of satiety on short-term feeding behaviour of animal species in general, biologically suitable models should allow `memory' to play a role. We conclude that our findings are equally relevant for the analysis of other types of short-term behaviour that are governed by satiety-like principles. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2350 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Allen, C. |
|
|
Title |
Transitive inference in animals: Reasoning or conditioned associations? |
Type |
Book Chapter |
|
Year |
2006 |
Publication |
Rational Animals? |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
175-186 |
|
|
Keywords |
|
|
|
Abstract |
It is widely accepted that many species of nonhuman animals appear to engage in transitive inference,
producing appropriate responses to novel pairings of non-adjacent members of an ordered series
without previous experience of these pairings. Some researchers have taken this capability as
providing direct evidence that these animals reason. Others resist such declarations, favouring instead
explanations in terms of associative conditioning. Associative accounts of transitive inference have
been refined in application to a simple 5-element learning task that is the main paradigm for
laboratory investigations of the phenomenon, but it remains unclear how well those accounts
generalise to more information-rich environments such as social hierarchies which may contain scores
of individuals, and where rapid learning is important. The case of transitive inference is an example of
a more general dispute between proponents of associative accounts and advocates of more cognitive
accounts of animal behaviour. Examination of the specific details of transitive inference suggests
some lessons for the wider debate. |
|
|
Address |
Texas A&M University |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
Oxford University Press |
Place of Publication |
Oxford |
Editor |
Hurley, S.; Nudds, M. |
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
978-0-19-852827-2 |
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
611 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Allen, C. |
|
|
Title |
Assessing animal cognition: ethological and philosophical perspectives |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Journal of Animal Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Anim Sci. |
|
|
Volume |
76 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
42-47 |
|
|
Keywords |
Agriculture; Animal Welfare; Animals; Animals, Domestic/physiology/*psychology; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cognition/*physiology; *Ethology; *Philosophy; Research |
|
|
Abstract |
Developments in the scientific and philosophical study of animal cognition and mentality are of great importance to animal scientists who face continued public scrutiny of the treatment of animals in research and agriculture. Because beliefs about animal minds, animal cognition, and animal consciousness underlie many people's views about the ethical treatment of nonhuman animals, it has become increasingly difficult for animal scientists to avoid these issues. Animal scientists may learn from ethologists who study animal cognition and mentality from an evolutionary and comparative perspective and who are at the forefront of the development of naturalistic and laboratory techniques of observation and experimentation that are capable of revealing the cognitive and mental properties of nonhuman animals. Despite growing acceptance of the ethological study of animal cognition, there are critics who dispute the scientific validity of the field, especially when the topic is animal consciousness. Here, a proper understanding of developments in the philosophy of mind and the philosophy of science can help to place cognitive studies on a firm methodological and philosophical foundation. Ultimately, this is an interdisciplinary task, involving scientists and philosophers. Animal scientists are well-positioned to contribute to the study of animal cognition because they typically have access to a large pool of potential research subjects whose habitats are more controlled than in most field studies while being more natural than most laboratory psychology experiments. Despite some formidable questions remaining for analysis, the prospects for progress in assessing animal cognition are bright. |
|
|
Address |
Department of Philosophy, Texas A&M University, College Station 77843-4237, USA |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0021-8812 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:9464883 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2750 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Allen, C.; Bekoff, M. |
|
|
Title |
Animal Minds, Cognitive Ethology, and Ethics |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
The Journal of Ethics |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
11 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
299-317 |
|
|
Keywords |
|
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
3400 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Allen, D.; Tanner, K. |
|
|
Title |
Putting the horse back in front of the cart: using visions and decisions about high-quality learning experiences to drive course design |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
2007 |
Publication |
CBE Life Sciences Education |
Abbreviated Journal |
CBE Life Sci Educ |
|
|
Volume |
6 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
85-89 |
|
|
Keywords |
Curriculum/*standards; *Decision Making; *Learning; Models, Educational; Schools; Teaching/*methods/*standards |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
Department of Biological Sciences, University of Delaware, Newark, DE 19716, USA. deallen@udel.edu |
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
English |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
1931-7913 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:17548870 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
3999 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Allman, J.M. |
|
|
Title |
Evolving brains. |
Type |
Book Whole |
|
Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Evolving brains |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
|
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
|
|
Keywords |
|
|
|
Abstract |
How did the human brain with all its manifold capacities evolve from basic functions in simple organisms that lived nearly a billion years ago? John Allman addresses this question in Evolving Brains, a provocative study of brain evolution that introduces readers to some of the most exciting developments in science in recent years. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
Scientific American Library |
Place of Publication |
New York |
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
978-0716760382 |
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5460 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Altmann, Dagmar |
|
|
Title |
Harnen und Koten bei Säugetieren |
Type |
Book Whole |
|
Year |
1969 |
Publication |
Die neue Brehm-Bücherei |
Abbreviated Journal |
|
|
|
Volume |
404 |
Issue |
|
Pages |
|
|
|
Keywords |
|
|
|
Abstract |
Ein Beitr. zur vergleichenden Verhaltensforschung. Mit 50 Abb. u. 7 Tab. Wittenberg: Ziemsen 1969. 104 S.(Berliner Tierpark-Buch. 16.) (Die neue Brehm-Bücherei. 404.) |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
Ziemsen |
Place of Publication |
Wittenberg |
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
German |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
from Prof. Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
637 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Altmann, H.J.; Hertel, J.; Drepper, K. |
|
|
Title |
[Nutritional physiology of the horse. 3. Protein values in the gastrointestinal tract of slaughtered horses] |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1970 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift fur Tierphysiologie, Tierernahrung und Futtermittelkunde |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z Tierphysiol Tierernahr Futtermittelkd |
|
|
Volume |
26 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
245-252 |
|
|
Keywords |
Amino Acids/*analysis/biosynthesis; *Animal Nutrition Physiology; Animals; Horses/*physiology; Intestines/analysis |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
German |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
Erhnahrungsphysiologische Untersuchungen beim Pferd. 3. Untersuchungen uber die Proteinwertigkeit im Magendarmtrakt von Schlachtpferen |
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0044-3565 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:5519259 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
135 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Altmann, H.J.; Weik, H. |
|
|
Title |
[Serum fatty acid patterns of phospholipid fractions in horses] |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1971 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift fur Tierphysiologie, Tierernahrung und Futtermittelkunde |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z Tierphysiol Tierernahr Futtermittelkd |
|
|
Volume |
28 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
285-288 |
|
|
Keywords |
Animals; Chromatography, Thin Layer; Fatty Acids/*blood; *Horses; Male; Phospholipids/*blood |
|
|
Abstract |
|
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
German |
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
Fettsaurenmuster der Phospholipidfraktionen im plasma des Pferdes |
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
0044-3565 |
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
PMID:5141052 |
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
133 |
|
Permanent link to this record |
|
|
|
|
Author |
Altmann, J. |
|
|
Title |
Observational Study of Behavior: Sampling Methods |
Type |
Journal Article |
|
Year |
1974 |
Publication |
Behaviour |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behaviour |
|
|
Volume |
49 |
Issue |
3-4 |
Pages |
227-266 |
|
|
Keywords |
|
|
|
Abstract |
Seven major types of sampling for observational studies of social behavior have been found in the literature. These methods differ considerably in their suitability for providing unbiased data of various kinds. Below is a summary of the major recommended uses of each technique: In this paper, I have tried to point out the major strengths and weaknesses of each sampling method. Some methods are intrinsically biased with respect to many variables, others to fewer. In choosing a sampling method the main question is whether the procedure results in a biased sample of the variables under study. A method can produce a biased sample directly, as a result of intrinsic bias with respect to a study variable, or secondarily due to some degree of dependence (correlation) between the study variable and a directly-biased variable. In order to choose a sampling technique, the observer needs to consider carefully the characteristics of behavior and social interactions that are relevant to the study population and the research questions at hand. In most studies one will not have adequate empirical knowledge of the dependencies between relevant variables. Under the circumstances, the observer should avoid intrinsic biases to whatever extent possible, in particular those that direcly affect the variables under study. Finally, it will often be possible to use more than one sampling method in a study. Such samples can be taken successively or, under favorable conditions, even concurrently. For example, we have found it possible to take Instantaneous Samples of the identities and distances of nearest neighbors of a focal individual at five or ten minute intervals during Focal-Animal (behavior) Samples on that individual. Often during Focal-Animal Sampling one can also record All Occurrences of Some Behaviors, for the whole social group, for categories of conspicuous behavior, such as predation, intergroup contact, drinking, and so on. The extent to which concurrent multiple sampling is feasible will depend very much on the behavior categories and rate of occurrence, the observational conditions, etc. Where feasible, such multiple sampling can greatly aid in the efficient use of research time. |
|
|
Address |
|
|
|
Corporate Author |
|
Thesis |
|
|
|
Publisher |
|
Place of Publication |
|
Editor |
|
|
|
Language |
|
Summary Language |
|
Original Title |
|
|
|
Series Editor |
|
Series Title |
|
Abbreviated Series Title |
|
|
|
Series Volume |
|
Series Issue |
|
Edition |
|
|
|
ISSN |
|
ISBN |
|
Medium |
|
|
|
Area |
|
Expedition |
|
Conference |
|
|
|
Notes |
|
Approved |
no |
|
|
Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4684 |
|
Permanent link to this record |