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	Author	Hoelker, S.
	Title	Typologie der deutschen Pferdehaltung – Eine empirische Studie mittels Two-Step-Clusteranalyse			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Berichte über Landwirtschaft Zeitschrift für Agrarpolitik und Landwirtschaft	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	94	Issue	3	Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	BMEL	Place of Publication	Bonn	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6643
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	Author	Marinsek, N.L.; Gazzaniga, M.S.; Miller, M.B.
	Title	Chapter 17 – Split-Brain, Split-Mind			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2016	Publication	The Neurology of Conciousness (Second Edition)	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	271-279
	Keywords	Split-brain; consciousness; lateralization; modular; left hemisphere interpreter
	Abstract	The corpus callosum anatomically and functionally connects the two cerebral hemispheres. Despite its important role in interhemispheric communication however, severing the corpus callosum produces few--if any--noticeable cognitive or behavioral abnormalities. Incredibly, split-brain patients do not report any drastic changes in their conscious experience even though nearly all interhemispheric communication ceases after surgery. Extensive research has shown that both hemispheres remain conscious following disconnection and the conscious experience of each hemisphere is private and independent of the other. Additionally, the conscious experiences of the hemispheres appear to be qualitatively different, such that the consciousness of the left hemisphere is more enriched than the right. In this chapter, we offer explanations as to why split-brain patients feel unified despite possessing dual conscious experiences and discuss how the divided consciousness of split-brain patients can inform current theories of consciousness.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Academic Press	Place of Publication	San Diego	Editor	Laureys, S.; Gosseries, O.; Tononi, G.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-0-12-800948-2	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6648
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	Author	Mejdell, C.M.; Buvik, T.; Jørgensen, G.H.M.; Bøe, K.E.
	Title	Horses can learn to use symbols to communicate their preferences			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Applied Animal Behaviour Science	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
	Volume	184	Issue		Pages	66-73
	Keywords	Operant conditioning; Blanket; Rug; Thermoregulation; Cognition; Clicker training
	Abstract	This paper describes a method in which horses learn to communicate by touching different neutral visual symbols, in order to tell the handler whether they want to have a blanket on or not. Horses were trained for 10-15min per day, following a training program comprising ten steps in a strategic order. Reward based operant conditioning was used to teach horses to approach and touch a board, and to understand the meaning of three different symbols. Heat and cold challenges were performed to help learning and to check level of understanding. At certain stages, a learning criterion of correct responses for 8-14 successive trials had to be achieved before proceeding. After introducing the free choice situation, on average at training day 11, the horse could choose between a “no change” symbol and the symbol for either “blanket on” or “blanket off” depending on whether the horse already wore a blanket or not. A cut off point for performance or non-performance was set to day 14, and 23/23 horses successfully learned the task within this limit. Horses of warm-blood type needed fewer training days to reach criterion than cold-bloods (P<0.05). Horses were then tested under differing weather conditions. Results show that choices made, i.e. the symbol touched, was not random but dependent on weather. Horses chose to stay without a blanket in nice weather, and they chose to have a blanket on when the weather was wet, windy and cold (χ2=36.67, P<0.005). This indicates that horses both had an understanding of the consequence of their choice on own thermal comfort, and that they successfully had learned to communicate their preference by using the symbols. The method represents a novel tool for studying preferences in horses.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0168-1591	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6651
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	Author	Capitani, C.; Chynoweth, M.; Kusak, J.; Çoban, E.; Sekercioglu, Ç.H.
	Title	Wolf diet in an agricultural landscape of north-eastern Turkey			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Mammalia	Abbreviated Journal	Mammalia
	Volume	80	Issue	3	Pages	329-334
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title	Mammalia	Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume	80	Series Issue	3	Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6687
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	Author	Mori, E.; Benatti, L.; Lovari, S.; Ferretti, F.
	Title	What does the wild boar mean to the wolf?			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	European Journal of Wildlife Research	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	63	Issue	1	Pages	9
	Keywords
	Abstract	Generalist predators are expected to shape their diets according to the local availability of prey species. In turn, the extent of consumption of a prey would be influenced by the number of alternative prey species. We have tested this prediction by considering the wild boar and the grey wolf: two widespread species whose distribution ranges overlap largely in Southern Europe, e.g. in Italy. We have reviewed 16 studies from a total of 21 study areas, to assess whether the absolute frequency of occurrence of wild boar in the wolf diet was influenced by (i) occurrence of the other ungulate species in diet and (ii) the number of available ungulate species. Wild boar turned out to be the main prey of the wolf (49% occurrence, on average), followed by roe deer (24%) and livestock (18%). Occurrence of wild boar in the wolf diet decreased with increasing usage of roe deer, livestock, and to a lower extent, chamois and red deer. The number of prey species did not influence the occurrence of wild boar in the wolf diet. The wild boar is a gregarious, noisy and often locally abundant ungulate, thus easily detectable, to a predator. In turn, the extent of predation on this ungulate may not be influenced so much by the availability of other potential prey. Heavy artificial reductions of wild boar numbers, e.g. through numerical control, may concentrate predation by wolves on alternative prey (e.g. roe deer) and/or livestock, thus increasing conflicts with human activities.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1439-0574	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Mori2016			Serial	6689
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	Author	Gleerup, K.B.; Lindegaard, C.
	Title	Recognition and quantification of pain in horses: A tutorial review			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2016	Publication	Equine Veterinary Education	Abbreviated Journal	Equine Vet Educ
	Volume	28	Issue	1	Pages	47-57
	Keywords	horse; pain evaluation; pain scale; pain behaviour; pain face
	Abstract	Summary Pain management is dependent on the quality of the pain evaluation. Ideally, pain evaluation is objective, pain-specific and easily incorporated into a busy equine clinic. This paper reviews the existing knowledge base regarding the identification and quantification of pain in horses. Behavioural indicators of pain in horses in the context of normal equine behaviour, as well as various physiological parameters potentially useful for pain evaluation, are discussed. Areas where knowledge is sparse are identified and a new equine pain scale based on results from all reviewed papers is proposed. Finally, the most important considerations in relation to the implementation of a pain scale in a hospital setting are discussed.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Medical Association (AMA)	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0957-7734	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	https://doi.org/10.1111/eve.12383			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6705
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	Author	Lovrovich, P.; Sighieri, C.; Baragli, P.
	Title	Following human-given cues or not? Horses (Equus caballus) get smarter and change strategy in a delayed three choice task			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	Applied Animal Behaviour Science	Abbreviated Journal	Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
	Volume	166	Issue		Pages	80-88
	Keywords
	Abstract	Highlights �Horses remember the location of food hidden by the experimenter after a delay. �They understand the communicative meaning of a human positioned close to the target. �The same horses are capable of changing their decision-making strategy. �They are able to shift from accuracy inferred from human given cues to speed. �Horses can use human cues or not depending on time, cost, experience and reward. Abstract To date, horses have seemed capable of using human local enhancement cues only when the experimenter remains close to the reward, since they fail to understand the communicative meaning of the human as momentary local enhancement cue (when the human is not present at the moment of the animal's choice). This study was designed to analyse the ability of horses to understand, remember and use human-given cues in a delayed (10 s) three-choice task. Twelve horses (experimental group) had to find a piece of carrot hidden under one of three overturned buckets after seeing the experimenter hide it. The results were then compared with those of a control group (twelve horses) that had to find the carrot using only the sense of smell or random attempts. At the beginning, the experimental horses made more correct choices at the first attempt, although they took more time to find the carrot. Later the same horses were less accurate but found the carrot in less time. This suggests that the value of the proximal momentary local enhancement cues became less critical. It seemed, in fact, that the experimental and control group had aligned their behaviour as the trials proceeded. Despite this similarity, in the second half of the trials, the experimental group tended to first approach the bucket where they had found the carrot in the immediately preceding trial. Our findings indicate that horses are capable of remembering the location of food hidden by the experimenter after a delay, by using the human positioned close to the target as valuable information. The same horses are also capable of changing their decision-making strategy by shifting from the accuracy inferred from human given cues to speed. Therefore, horses are able to decide whether or not to use human given-cues, depending on a speed-accuracy trade-off.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Elsevier	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	doi: 10.1016/j.applanim.2015.02.017			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5849
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	Author	Siniscalchi, M.; Padalino, B.; Aubé, L.; Quaranta, A.
	Title	Right-nostril use during sniffing at arousing stimuli produces higher cardiac activity in jumper horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition	Abbreviated Journal	Laterality
	Volume	20	Issue	4	Pages	483-500
	Keywords
	Abstract	Lateralization in horses, Equus caballus, has been reported at both motor and sensory levels. Here we investigated left- and right-nostril use in 12 jumper horses freely sniffing different emotive stimuli. Results revealed that during sniffing at adrenaline and oestrus mare urine stimuli, horses showed a clear right-nostril bias while just a tendency in the use of the right nostril was observed during sniffing of other odours (food, cotton swab and repellent). Sniffing at adrenaline and urine odours was also accompanied by increasing cardiac activity and behavioural reactivity strengthening the role of the right hemisphere in the analysis of intense emotion and sexual behaviour.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Routledge	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1357-650x	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	doi: 10.1080/1357650X.2015.1005629			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6208
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	Author	Whalen, A.; Cownden, D.; Laland, K.
	Title	The learning of action sequences through social transmission			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	Animal Cognition	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Cogn.
	Volume	18	Issue	5	Pages	1093-1103
	Keywords
	Abstract	Previous empirical work on animal social learning has found that many species lack the ability to learn entire action sequences solely through reliance on social information. Conversely, acquiring action sequences through asocial learning can be difficult due to the large number of potential sequences arising from even a small number of base actions. In spite of this, several studies report that some primates use action sequences in the wild. We investigate how social information can be integrated with asocial learning to facilitate the learning of action sequences. We formalize this problem by examining how learners using temporal difference learning, a widely applicable model of reinforcement learning, can combine social cues with their own experiences to acquire action sequences. The learning problem is modeled as a Markov decision process. The learning of nettle processing by mountain gorillas serves as a focal example. Through simulations, we find that the social facilitation of component actions can combine with individual learning to facilitate the acquisition of action sequences. Our analysis illustrates that how even simple forms of social learning, combined with asocial learning, generate substantially faster learning of action sequences compared to asocial processes alone, and that the benefits of social information increase with the length of the action sequence and the number of base actions.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1435-9456	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Whalen2015			Serial	6192
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	Author	Kis, A.; Huber, L.; Wilkinson, A.
	Title	Social learning by imitation in a reptile (Pogona vitticeps)			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2015	Publication	Animal Cognition	Abbreviated Journal	Anim.Cogn.
	Volume	18	Issue	1	Pages	325-331
	Keywords
	Abstract	The ability to learn through imitation is thought to be the basis of cultural transmission and was long considered a distinctive characteristic of humans. There is now evidence that both mammals and birds are capable of imitation. However, nothing is known about these abilities in the third amniotic class--reptiles. Here, we use a bidirectional control procedure to show that a reptile species, the bearded dragon (Pogona vitticeps), is capable of social learning that cannot be explained by simple mechanisms such as local enhancement or goal emulation. Subjects in the experimental group opened a trap door to the side that had been demonstrated, while subjects in the ghost control group, who observed the door move without the intervention of a conspecific, were unsuccessful. This, together with differences in behaviour between experimental and control groups, provides compelling evidence that reptiles possess cognitive abilities that are comparable to those observed in mammals and birds and suggests that learning by imitation is likely to be based on ancient mechanisms.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1435-9456	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kis2015			Serial	6193
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