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| Author | Whiten, A.; Custance, D.M.; Gomez, J.C.; Teixidor, P.; Bard, K.A. | ||||
| Title | Imitative learning of artificial fruit processing in children (Homo sapiens) and chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year  |
1996 | Publication | Journal of comparative psychology (Washington, D.C. : 1983) | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Psychol |
| Volume | 110 | Issue | 1 | Pages | 3-14 |
| Keywords | Animals; Child, Preschool; Discrimination Learning; Female; Food Preferences/*psychology; *Fruit; Humans; *Imitative Behavior; Male; Mental Recall; Pan troglodytes/*psychology; Social Environment | ||||
| Abstract | Observational learning in chimpanzees and young children was investigated using an artificial fruit designed as an analog of natural foraging problems faced by primates. Each of 3 principal components could be removed in 2 alternative ways, demonstration of only one of which was watched by each subject. This permitted subsequent imitation by subjects to be distinguished from stimulus enhancement. Children aged 2-4 years evidenced imitation for 2 components, but also achieved demonstrated outcomes through their own techniques. Chimpanzees relied even more on their own techniques, but they did imitate elements of 1 component of the task. To our knowledge, this is the first experimental evidence of chimpanzee imitation in a functional task designed to simulate foraging behavior hypothesized to be transmitted culturally in the wild. | ||||
| Address | Scottish Primate Research Group, University of St. Andrews, Fife, Scotland. aw2@st-andrews.ac.uk | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0735-7036 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:8851548 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 744 | ||
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| Author | Kruska, D. | ||||
| Title | The effect of domestication on brain size and composition in the mink (Mustela vison) | Type | Journal Article | ||
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1996 | Publication | J Zool | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 239 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Kruska1996 | Serial | 6234 | ||
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| Author | Zentall, T.R.; Sutton, J.E.; Sherburne, L.M. | ||||
| Title | True imitative learning in pigeons | Type | Journal Article | ||
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1996 | Publication | Psychol Sci | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 7 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Zentall1996 | Serial | 6372 | ||
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| Author | Meriggi,A.; Lovari, S. | ||||
| Title | A Review of Wolf Predation in Southern Europe: Does the Wolf Prefer Wild Prey to Livestock? | Type | Journal Article | ||
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1996 | Publication | Journal of Applled Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Ecol |
| Volume | 33 | Issue | Pages | 1561-1571 | |
| Keywords | Canis lupus, conservation, food habits, prey abundance, prey availability. | ||||
| Abstract | 1. The recent recovery of the wolf in southern Europe has not yet removed the risk of local extinction. Wolf populations are fragmented and often comprise fewer than 500 individuals. In North America, northern and eastern Europe, wolves feed maiiily on wild herbivores. In southern Europe, this canid has apparently adapted to feed also on fruit, rubbish, livestock, small and medium-size mammals. 2. The main conservation problem lies with predation o n domestic ~ingulates,w liich leads to extensive killing of wolves. The reintroduction of wild large herbivores has been advocated as a means of reducing attacks on livestock, but predatiori on the latter may remain high if domestic ungulates are locally abundant. 3. Our synthesis of 15 studies, published in the last 15 years, on food habits of the wolf in southern Europe, has shown that ungulates have been the main diet component overall. A significant inverse correlation was found between the occurrence (%) of wild and domestic ungulates in the diet. The presence of relatively few wild ungulate species was necessary to reduce predation on livestock. 4. Selection of wild and domestic ungulate prey was influenced mainly by their local abundance, but also by their accessibility. Feeding dependence on rubbish was local and rare. In Italy, the consumption of riibbish/fruit and that of ungulates was significantly negatively correlated. Diet breadth increased as the presence of large prey in tlie diet decreased. 5. The simultaneous reintroduction of severa1 wild ungulate species is likely to reduce predation on livestock and may prove to be one of the most effective conservation measures. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6387 | ||
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| Author | Whiten A.; Byrne, R. W. (eds) | ||||
| Title | Machiavellian Intelligence II – Extensions and Evaluations | Type | Book Whole | ||
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1997 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Publisher | Cambridge University Press | Place of Publication | Cambridge | Editor | Whiten A.; Byrne, R. W. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 5233 | ||
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| Author | Russell, C.L.; Bard, K.A.; Adamson, L.B. | ||||
| Title | Social referencing by young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
1997 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Psychology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Comp. Psychol. |
| Volume | 111 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 185-191 |
| Keywords | happy & fear messages concerning novel objects from familiar human caregiver, social referencing, 14–41 mo old chimpanzees | ||||
| Abstract | Social referencing is the seeking of information from another individual and the use of that information to evaluate a situation. It is a well-documented ability in human infants but has not been studied experimentally in nonhuman primates. Seventeen young nursery-reared chimpanzees (14 to 41 months old) were observed in a standard social referencing paradigm in which they received happy and fear messages concerning novel objects from a familiar human caregiver. Each chimpanzee looked referentially at their caregiver, and the emotional messages that they received differentially influenced their gaze behavior and avoidance of the novel objects. It is concluded that chimpanzees can acquire information about their complex social and physical environments through social referencing and can use emotional information to alter their own behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved) | ||||
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| Publisher | US: American Psychological Association | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| ISSN | 1939-2087(Electronic);0735-7036(Print) | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1997-06365-008 | Serial | 5603 | ||
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| Author | Shmidt Mech, L.D. | ||||
| Title | Wolf pack size and food acquisition | Type | Journal Article | ||
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1997 | Publication | Am Nat | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 150 | Issue | Pages | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Shmidt Mech1997 | Serial | 6482 | ||
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| Author | Kräußlich, H.; Brem, G. | ||||
| Title | Tierzucht und allgemeine Landwirtschaftslehre für Tiermediziner | Type | Book Whole | ||
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1997 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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| Publisher | Enke | Place of Publication | Stuttgart | Editor | |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6542 | ||
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| Author | Cooper, J.J. | ||||
| Title | Comparative learning theory and its application in the training of horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
1998 | Publication | Equine veterinary journal. Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J Suppl |
| Volume | Issue | 27 | Pages | 39-43 | |
| Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Conditioning (Psychology); Horses/*psychology; *Learning; Reinforcement (Psychology) | ||||
| Abstract | Training can best be explained as a process that occurs through stimulus-response-reinforcement chains, whereby animals are conditioned to associate cues in their environment, with specific behavioural responses and their rewarding consequences. Research into learning in horses has concentrated on their powers of discrimination and on primary positive reinforcement schedules, where the correct response is paired with a desirable consequence such as food. In contrast, a number of other learning processes that are used in training have been widely studied in other species, but have received little scientific investigation in the horse. These include: negative reinforcement, where performance of the correct response is followed by removal of, or decrease in, intensity of a unpleasant stimulus; punishment, where an incorrect response is paired with an undesirable consequence, but without consistent prior warning; secondary conditioning, where a natural primary reinforcer such as food is closely associated with an arbitrary secondary reinforcer such as vocal praise; and variable or partial conditioning, where once the correct response has been learnt, reinforcement is presented according to an intermittent schedule to increase resistance to extinction outside of training. | ||||
| Address | Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| Notes | PMID:10485003 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 846 | ||
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| Author | Blunden, A.S.; Smith, K.C.; Whitwell, K.E.; Dunn, K.A. | ||||
| Title | Systemic infection by equid herpesvirus-1 in a Grevy's zebra stallion (Equus grevyi) with particular reference to genital pathology | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year |
1998 | Publication | Journal of Comparative Pathology | Abbreviated Journal | J Comp Pathol |
| Volume | 119 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 485-493 |
| Keywords | Animals; Animals, Zoo; Epididymis/pathology/virology; Equidae/*virology; Herpesviridae Infections/diagnosis/pathology/*veterinary; Herpesvirus 1, Equid/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity; Lymph Nodes/pathology/virology; Male; Nasal Mucosa/pathology/virology; Pulmonary Edema/pathology; Spleen/virology; Testis/*pathology/virology | ||||
| Abstract | A severe multi-systemic form of equid herpesvirus-1 infection is described in an adult zebra stallion. There was multifocal necrotizing rhinitis, marked hydrothorax and pulmonary oedema, with viral antigen expression in degenerating epithelial cells, local endothelial cells and intravascular leucocytes of the nasal mucosa and lung. Specific localization of EHV-1 infection was seen in the testes and epididymides, including infection of Leydig cells and germinal epithelium, which would have facilitated venereal shedding of virus in life. The case provided a unique opportunity to study hitherto undescribed aspects of the pathogenesis of naturally occurring EHV-1 infection in the male equine genital tract. Restriction digests of the isolate demonstrated a pattern similar to that of EHV-1 isolates previously recovered from aborted zebra and onager fetuses. | ||||
| Address | Animal Health Trust Centre for Preventive Medicine, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK | ||||
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| Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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| ISSN | 0021-9975 | ISBN | Medium | ||
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| Notes | PMID:9839210 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 2239 | ||
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