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	Author	Miklósi, Á.; Soproni, K.
	Title	A comparative analysis of animals' understanding of the human pointing gesture			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2006	Publication	Animal cognition	Abbreviated Journal	Anim. Cogn.
	Volume	9	Issue	2	Pages	81-93
	Keywords	Animal Communication; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Child; Child, Preschool; Dogs; Fixation, Ocular; Gestures; Hand; Humans; Nonverbal Communication; Pinnipedia; Primates; Problem Solving; *Recognition (Psychology); Species Specificity
	Abstract	We review studies demonstrating the ability of some animals to understand the human pointing gesture. We present a 3-step analysis of the topic. (1) We compare and evaluate current experimental methods (2) We compare available experimental results on performance of different species and investigate the interaction of species differences and other independent variables (3) We evaluate how our present understanding of pointing comprehension answers questions about function, evolution and mechanisms. Recently, a number of different hypotheses have been put forward to account for the presence of this ability in some species and for the lack of such comprehension in others. In our view, there is no convincing evidence for the assumption that the competitive lifestyles of apes would inhibit the utilization of this human gesture. Similarly, domestication as a special evolutionary factor in the case of some species falls short in explaining high levels of pointing comprehension in some non-domestic species. We also disagree with the simplistic view of describing the phenomenon as a simple form of conditioning. We suggest that a more systematic comparative research is needed to understand the emerging communicative representational abilities in animals that provide the background for comprehending the human pointing gesture.
	Address	Department of Ethology, Eotvos Lorand University, Budapest, Pazmany P 1/c, H-1117, Budapest, Hungary. miklosa@ludens.elte.hu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1435-9448	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:16235075			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	463
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Pennisi, E.
	Title	Are out primate cousins 'conscious'?			Type
	Year	1999	Publication	Science (New York, N.Y.)	Abbreviated Journal	Science
	Volume	284	Issue	5423	Pages	2073-2076
	Keywords	Animals; Behavior, Animal; Cebus; Consciousness; Empathy; Humans; Instinct; Intelligence; Learning; Mental Processes; Pan troglodytes; Primates
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-8075	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:10409060			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	2843
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	Author	Lefebvre, L.; Reader, S.M.; Sol, D.
	Title	Brains, Innovations and Evolution in Birds and Primates			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2004	Publication	Brain, Behavior and Evolution	Abbreviated Journal	Brain. Behav. Evol.
	Volume	63	Issue	4	Pages	233-246
	Keywords	Innovation W Brain evolution W Hyperstriatum ventrale W Neostriatum W Isocortex W Birds W Primates W Tool use W Invasion biology
	Abstract	Abstract Several comparative research programs have focusedon the cognitive, life history and ecological traits thataccount for variation in brain size. We review one ofthese programs, a program that uses the reported frequencyof behavioral innovation as an operational measureof cognition. In both birds and primates, innovationrate is positively correlated with the relative size of associationareas in the brain, the hyperstriatum ventrale andneostriatum in birds and the isocortex and striatum inprimates. Innovation rate is also positively correlatedwith the taxonomic distribution of tool use, as well asinterspecific differences in learning. Some features ofcognition have thus evolved in a remarkably similar wayin primates and at least six phyletically-independent avianlineages. In birds, innovation rate is associated withthe ability of species to deal with seasonal changes in theenvironment and to establish themselves in new regions,and it also appears to be related to the rate atwhich lineages diversify. Innovation rate provides a usefultool to quantify inter-taxon differences in cognitionand to test classic hypotheses regarding the evolution ofthe brain.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0006-8977	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4738
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	Author	Seyfarth, R.M.; Cheney, D.L.
	Title	Cognitive strategies and the representation of social relations by monkeys			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2001	Publication	Nebraska Symposium on Motivation. Nebraska Symposium on Motivation	Abbreviated Journal	Nebr Symp Motiv
	Volume	47	Issue		Pages	145-177
	Keywords	Adaptation, Biological; Animals; Evolution; Family; Female; Haplorhini; Male; Memory; Primates; Selection (Genetics); Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Social Perception
	Abstract
	Address	University of Pennsylvania, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0146-7875	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:11759347			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	345
Permanent link to this record



	Author	Russon, A.E.; Galdikas, B.M.F.
	Title	*Constraints on great apes' imitation: Model and action selectivity in rehabilitant orangutan (Pongo pygmaeus) imitation*			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	Journal of Comparative Psychology	Abbreviated Journal	J. Comp. Psychol.
	Volume	109	Issue	1	Pages	5-17
	Keywords	*Imitation (Learning); Primates (Nonhuman)
	Abstract	We discuss selectivity in great ape imitation, on the basis of an observational study of spontaneous imitation in free-ranging rehabilitant orangutans (Pongo pygmaeus). Research on great ape imitation has neglected selectivity, although comparative evidence suggests it may be important. We observed orangutans in central Indonesian Borneo and assessed patterns in the models and actions they spontaneously imitated. The patterns we found resembled those reported in humans. Orangutans preferred models with whom they had positive affective relationships (e.g., important caregiver or older sibling) and actions that reflected their current competence, were receptively familiar, and were relevant to tasks that faced them. Both developmental and individual variability were found. We discuss the probable functions of imitation for great apes and the role of selectivity in directing it. We also make suggestions for more effective elicitation of imitation. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2012 APA, all rights reserved)
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	American Psychological Association	Place of Publication	Us	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1939-2087(Electronic);0735-7036(Print)	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1995-20268-001			Serial	5690
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	Author	Marino, L.
	Title	Convergence of complex cognitive abilities in cetaceans and primates			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2002	Publication	Brain, Behavior and Evolution	Abbreviated Journal	Brain Behav Evol
	Volume	59	Issue	1-2	Pages	21-32
	Keywords	Animal Communication; Animals; Brain/physiology; Cerebral Cortex/physiology; Cetacea/physiology; Cognition/physiology; Evolution; Humans; Intelligence; Primates/physiology
	Abstract	What examples of convergence in higher-level complex cognitive characteristics exist in the animal kingdom? In this paper I will provide evidence that convergent intelligence has occurred in two distantly related mammalian taxa. One of these is the order Cetacea (dolphins, whales and porpoises) and the other is our own order Primates, and in particular the suborder anthropoid primates (monkeys, apes, and humans). Despite a deep evolutionary divergence, adaptation to physically dissimilar environments, and very different neuroanatomical organization, some primates and cetaceans show striking convergence in social behavior, artificial 'language' comprehension, and self-recognition ability. Taken together, these findings have important implications for understanding the generality and specificity of those processes that underlie cognition in different species and the nature of the evolution of intelligence.
	Address	Neuroscience and Behavioral Biology Program, Emory University, Atlanta, Ga. 30322, USA. lmarino@emory.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0006-8977	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:12097858			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	4158
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	Author	Chalmeau, R.; Gallo, A.
	Title	Cooperation in primates: Critical analysis of behavioural criteria			Type	Journal Article
	Year	1995	Publication	Behavioural Processes	Abbreviated Journal	Behav. Process.
	Volume	35	Issue	1-3	Pages	101-111
	Keywords	Cognition; Communication; Cooperation; Evolution; Primates
	Abstract	Concerning hunting in chimpanzees, cooperation has generally been attributed to the behaviour of two or more individuals acting together to achieve a common goal (Boesch and Boesch, 1989). The common goal is often considered as the concrete result of a common action by two or several individuals. Although this result could be used as a criterion for cooperation, it could also be an outcome due to chance. We suggest that the goal, viewed as a concrete benefit shared by the partners, is not a requisite of cooperation but rather a possible consequence of a common action largely submitted to social constraints. Individuals engaged in a cooperative task in order to solve a problem have to exchange information to adjust to each other's behaviour. However, evidence of communication between partners during simultaneous cooperation is rare. An experiment in which two chimpanzees each had to simultaneously pull a handle to get a fruit was performed. We analysed not only the concrete result of the partners' activity but also what the individuals took into account before pulling a handle. We tried to specify what the chimpanzees learned by means of a series of logical propositions which we were able to confront the experimental results.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	570
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	Author	de Waal, F.B.; Aureli, F.; Judge, P.G.
	Title	Coping with crowding			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2000	Publication	Scientific American	Abbreviated Journal	Sci Am
	Volume	282	Issue	5	Pages	76-81
	Keywords	Adaptation, Psychological; Animals; Behavior, Animal; Emotions; Female; Grooming; Homicide; Humans; Macaca mulatta; Male; Pan troglodytes; Population Density; Primates; Rodentia; Rural Population; Territoriality; Urban Population; Violence
	Abstract
	Address	Living Links Center, Yerkes Regional Primate Research Center, Atlanta, USA
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0036-8733	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:11056991			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	184
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	Author	de Waal, F.B.M.
	Title	Darwin's legacy and the study of primate visual communication			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2003	Publication	Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences	Abbreviated Journal	Ann N Y Acad Sci
	Volume	1000	Issue		Pages	7-31
	Keywords	Affect; Aggression/psychology; Animals; Culture; Evolution; Facial Expression; Gestures; Grooming; Humans; Laughter; Nonverbal Communication; Primates/physiology; Smiling; *Visual Perception
	Abstract	After Charles Darwin's The Expression of the Emotions in Man and Animals, published in 1872, we had to wait 60 years before the theme of animal expressions was picked up by another astute observer. In 1935, Nadezhda Ladygina-Kohts published a detailed comparison of the expressive behavior of a juvenile chimpanzee and of her own child. After Kohts, we had to wait until the 1960s for modern ethological analyses of primate facial and gestural communication. Again, the focus was on the chimpanzee, but ethograms on other primates appeared as well. Our understanding of the range of expressions in other primates is at present far more advanced than that in Darwin's time. A strong social component has been added: instead of focusing on the expressions per se, they are now often classified according to the social situations in which they typically occur. Initially, quantitative analyses were sequential (i.e., concerned with temporal associations between behavior patterns), and they avoided the language of emotions. I will discuss some of this early work, including my own on the communicative repertoire of the bonobo, a close relative of the chimpanzee (and ourselves). I will provide concrete examples to make the point that there is a much richer matrix of contexts possible than the common behavioral categories of aggression, sex, fear, play, and so on. Primate signaling is a form of negotiation, and previous classifications have ignored the specifics of what animals try to achieve with their exchanges. There is also increasing evidence for signal conventionalization in primates, especially the apes, in both captivity and the field. This process results in group-specific or “cultural” communication patterns.
	Address	Yerkes Primate Center, and Psychology Department, Emory University, Atlanta, Georgia 30322, USA. dewaal@emory.edu
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0077-8923	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	PMID:14766618			Approved	no
	Call Number	refbase @ user @			Serial	177
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	Author	Pelé, M.; Sueur, C.
	Title	Decision-making theories: linking the disparate research areas of individual and collective cognition			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2013	Publication		Abbreviated Journal	Animal Cognition
	Volume	16	Issue	4	Pages	543-556
	Keywords	Optimality; Primates; Insects; Diffusion Model; Delay; Risk; Speed-accuracy; Trade-off
	Abstract	In order to maximize their fitness, animals have to deal with different environmental and social factors that affect their everyday life. Although the way an animal behaves might enhance its fitness or survival in regard to one factor, it could compromise them regarding another. In the domain of decision sciences, research concerning decision making focuses on performances at the individual level but also at the collective one. However, between individual and collective decision making, different terms are used resulting in little or no connection between both research areas. In this paper, we reviewed how different branches of decision sciences study the same concept, mainly called speed-accuracy trade-off, and how the different results are on the same track in terms of showing the optimality of decisions. Whatever the level, individual or collective, each decision might be defined with three parameters: time or delay to decide, risk and accuracy. We strongly believe that more progress would be possible in this domain of research if these different branches were better linked, with an exchange of their results and theories. A growing amount of literature describes economics in humans and eco-ethology in birds making compromises between starvation, predation and reproduction. Numerous studies have been carried out on social cognition in primates but also birds and carnivores, and other publications describe market or reciprocal exchanges of commodities. We therefore hope that this paper will lead these different areas to a common decision science.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Springer-Verlag	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language	English	Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	1435-9448	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5692
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