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Author de Waal, F.B. openurl 
  Title The integration of dominance and social bonding in primates Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication The Quarterly review of biology Abbreviated Journal Q Rev Biol  
  Volume 61 Issue 4 Pages 459-479  
  Keywords Animals; Female; Humans; Male; *Object Attachment; *Primates; *Social Dominance  
  Abstract Social dominance is usually viewed from the perspective of intragroup competition over access to limited resources. The present paper, while not denying the importance of such competition, discusses the dominance concept among monkeys and apes in the context of affiliative bonding, social tolerance, and the reconciliation of aggressive conflicts. Two basic proximate mechanisms are supposed to provide a link between dominance and interindividual affiliation, namely, formalization of the dominance relationship (i.e., unequivocal communication of status), and conditional reassurance (i.e., the linkage of friendly coexistence to formalization of the relationship). Ritualized submission is imposed upon losers of dominance struggles by winners; losers are offered a “choice” between continued hostility or a tolerant relationship with a clearly signalled difference in status. If these two social mechanisms are lacking, aggression is bound to have dispersive effects. In their presence, aggression becomes a well-integrated, even constructive component of social life. In some higher primates this process of integration has reached the stage where status differences are strongly attenuated. In these species, sharing and trading can take the place of overt competition. The views underlying this “reconciled hierarchy” model are only partly new, as is evident from a review of the ethological literature. Many points are illustrated with data on a large semi-captive colony of chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes), particularly data related to striving for status, reconciliation behavior, and general association patterns. These observations demonstrate that relationships among adult male chimpanzees cannot be described in terms of a dichotomy between affiliative and antagonistic tendencies. Male bonding in this species has not been achieved by an elimination of aggression, but by a set of powerful buffering mechanisms that mitigate its effects. Although female chimpanzees do exhibit a potential for bonding under noncompetitive conditions, they appear to lack the buffering mechanisms of the males.  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0033-5770 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:3543991 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 210  
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Author Knoll, H.; Horschak, R. openurl 
  Title [Ecology of fermentation sarcinas Sarcina ventriculi and Sarcina maxima] Type Journal Article
  Year 1973 Publication Zeitschrift fur Allgemeine Mikrobiologie Abbreviated Journal Z Allg Mikrobiol  
  Volume 13 Issue 5 Pages 449-451  
  Keywords Animals; Digestive System; Ecology; Haplorhini; Horses; Primates; *Sarcina  
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  Language German Summary Language Original Title Zur Okologie der Garungssarcinen Sarcina ventriculi und Sarcina maxima  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0044-2208 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:4203565 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2717  
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Author Nelson, G.S. openurl 
  Title Onchocerciasis Type Journal Article
  Year 1970 Publication Advances in Parasitology Abbreviated Journal Adv Parasitol  
  Volume 8 Issue Pages 173-224  
  Keywords Africa; Animals; Anthelmintics/therapeutic use; Artiodactyla; Blindness/etiology; Cattle; Circadian Rhythm; Ddt; Diethylcarbamazine/therapeutic use; Diptera/anatomy & histology/growth & development; Dwarfism/etiology; Ecology; Eye/pathology; Feeding Behavior; Female; Geography; Haplorhini; Hernia, Femoral/etiology; Horses; Humans; Insect Vectors/growth & development; Larva/growth & development; Male; Onchocerca/classification/growth & development; *Onchocerciasis/diagnosis/drug therapy/epidemiology/immunology/pathology/prevention & control/veterinary; Primates; Serologic Tests; Skin/pathology; Skin Tests; Suramin/therapeutic use  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0065-308X ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:4997515 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2738  
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Author Pennisi, E. openurl 
  Title Are out primate cousins 'conscious'? Type
  Year 1999 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 284 Issue 5423 Pages 2073-2076  
  Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Cebus; *Consciousness; Empathy; Humans; Instinct; Intelligence; Learning; *Mental Processes; Pan troglodytes; *Primates  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0036-8075 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:10409060 Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2843  
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Author Cantlon, J.F.; Brannon, E.M. url  openurl
  Title How Much Does Number Matter to a Monkey (Macaca mulatta)? Type Journal Article
  Year 2007 Publication Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes Abbreviated Journal  
  Volume 33 Issue 1 Pages 32-41  
  Keywords numerical cognition; Weber's law; nonhuman primates; numerosity  
  Abstract Although many animal species can represent numerical values, little is known about how salient number is relative to other object properties for nonhuman animals. In one hypothesis, researchers propose that animals represent number only as a last resort, when no other properties differentiate stimuli. An alternative hypothesis is that animals automatically, spontaneously, and routinely represent the numerical attributes of their environments. The authors compared the influence of number versus that of shape, color, and surface area on rhesus monkeys' (Macaca mulatta) decisions by testing them on a matching task with more than one correct answer: a numerical match and a nonnumerical (color, surface area, or shape) match. The authors also tested whether previous laboratory experience with numerical discrimination influenced a monkey's propensity to represent number. Contrary to the last-resort hypothesis, all monkeys based their decisions on numerical value when the numerical ratio was favorable.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2891  
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Author Bermudez, J.L. openurl 
  Title The moral significance of birth Type Journal Article
  Year 1996 Publication Ethics Abbreviated Journal Ethics  
  Volume 106 Issue 2 Pages 378-403  
  Keywords Abortion, Induced; Animal Rights; Animals; Beginning of Human Life; Embryonic and Fetal Development; *Ethical Analysis; *Ethics; *Fetus; Homicide; Humans; *Individuality; *Infant, Newborn; Infant, Premature; Infanticide; *Labor, Obstetric; Life; *Personhood; Philosophy; Primates; Psychology; *Self Concept; *Value of Life; Analytical Approach; Genetics and Reproduction; Philosophical Approach  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
  Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title  
  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0014-1704 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:11656645; KIE: 31 fn.; KIE: KIE BoB Subject Heading: fetuses; KIE: KIE BoB Subject Heading: personhood Approved no  
  Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4177  
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Author Cheney, D.; Seyfarth, R.; Smuts, B. doi  openurl
  Title Social relationships and social cognition in nonhuman primates Type Journal Article
  Year 1986 Publication Science (New York, N.Y.) Abbreviated Journal Science  
  Volume 234 Issue 4782 Pages 1361-1366  
  Keywords Animals; *Cognition; Female; Male; Pair Bond; Primates/*physiology; *Social Behavior; Social Dominance; Social Perception  
  Abstract Complex social relationships among nonhuman primates appear to contribute to individual reproductive success. Experiments with and behavioral observations of natural populations suggest that sophisticated cognitive mechanisms may underlie primate social relationships. Similar capacities are usually less apparent in the nonsocial realm, supporting the view that at least some aspects of primate intelligence evolved to solve the challenges of interacting with conspecifics.  
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  Language English Summary Language Original Title  
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  Series Volume Series Issue Edition  
  ISSN 0036-8075 ISBN Medium  
  Area Expedition Conference  
  Notes PMID:3538419 Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 349  
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Author Chalmeau, R.; Gallo, A. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Cooperation in primates: Critical analysis of behavioural criteria Type Journal Article
  Year 1995 Publication Behavioural Processes Abbreviated Journal Behav. Process.  
  Volume 35 Issue 1-3 Pages 101-111  
  Keywords Cognition; Communication; Cooperation; Evolution; Primates  
  Abstract Concerning hunting in chimpanzees, cooperation has generally been attributed to the behaviour of two or more individuals acting together to achieve a common goal (Boesch and Boesch, 1989). The common goal is often considered as the concrete result of a common action by two or several individuals. Although this result could be used as a criterion for cooperation, it could also be an outcome due to chance. We suggest that the goal, viewed as a concrete benefit shared by the partners, is not a requisite of cooperation but rather a possible consequence of a common action largely submitted to social constraints. Individuals engaged in a cooperative task in order to solve a problem have to exchange information to adjust to each other's behaviour. However, evidence of communication between partners during simultaneous cooperation is rare. An experiment in which two chimpanzees each had to simultaneously pull a handle to get a fruit was performed. We analysed not only the concrete result of the partners' activity but also what the individuals took into account before pulling a handle. We tried to specify what the chimpanzees learned by means of a series of logical propositions which we were able to confront the experimental results.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 570  
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Author Kendrick, K.M. url  doi
openurl 
  Title Intelligent perception Type Journal Article
  Year 1998 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.  
  Volume 57 Issue 3-4 Pages 213-231  
  Keywords Intelligent perception; Environmental changes; Primates  
  Abstract For an animal from any species to exhibit intelligent perception it must be capable of being consciously aware of what it perceives and capable of learning from this experience. Although many organisms, and for that matter machines, are capable of rapid adaptive learning in response to perception of environmental changes, such adaptations can occur without them being consciously aware either of external stimuli or their response to them. While behavioural and neurophysiological evidence suggests that, apart from ourselves, other higher primates must also be capable of such awareness, an important central question is whether such awareness is a characteristic of primate evolution or if it also occurs in sub-primate mammals as well. In this review I will examine our behavioural and neurophysiological evidence from visual and olfactory recognition studies in the sheep to support the argument that they are likely to be aware of and learn about both social and non-social objects and that they are therefore capable of intelligent perception. However, the impact of motivational changes on these perceptual processes suggests that they may be limited in terms of both prospection and retrospection and dealing with symbolic associations.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 796  
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Author Meunier, H.; Leca, J.B.; Deneubourg, J.L.; Petit, O. doi  openurl
  Title Group movement decisions in capuchin monkeys: the utility of an experimental study and a mathematical model to explore the relationship between individual and collective behaviours Type Journal Article
  Year 2006 Publication Behaviour Abbreviated Journal Behaviour  
  Volume 143 Issue Pages 1511-1527  
  Keywords animal society – collective decision-making – primates – group movement – mathematical modeling  
  Abstract In primate groups, collective movements are typically described as processes dependent on leadership mechanisms. However, in some species, decision-making includes negotiations and distributed leadership. These facts suggest that simple underlying processes may explain certain decision mechanisms during collective movements. To study such processes, we have designed experiments on white-faced capuchin monkeys (Cebus capucinus) during which we provoked collective movements involving a binary choice. These experiments enabled us to analyse the spatial decisions of individuals in the group. We found that the underlying process includes anonymous mimetism, which means that each individual may influence all members of the group. To support this result, we created a mathematical model issued from our experimental data. A totally anonymous model does not fit perfectly with our experimental distribution. A more individualised model, which takes into account the specific behaviour of social peripheral individuals, revealed the validity of the mimetism hypothesis. Even though white-faced capuchins have complex cognitive abilities, a coexistence of anonymous and social mechanisms appears to influence their choice of direction during collective movements. The present approach may offer vital insights into the relationships between individual behaviours and their emergent collective acts.  
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  Notes Approved no  
  Call Number Serial 2066  
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