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| Author | Leiner, L. | ||||
| Title | Vergleich verschiedener Methoden zur Angstextinktion bei Pferden | Type | Manuscript | ||
| Year | 2006 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
| Volume | Issue | Pages | |||
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| Abstract | Pferde sind Fluchttiere. Ihr Fluchtinstinkt bewirkt, dass sie sich leicht erschrecken und auch in diversen Situationen mit Flucht reagieren. Diese Tatsache ist den meisten Reitern bekannt, nur ist es für den Menschen teilweise schwer, mit dieser Eigenschaft auszukommen und sie zu verstehen oder gar nachzuvollziehen. So kommt es häufig zu Unfällen, die aus der Angst der Pferde resultieren, jedoch vermeidbar gewesen wären, hätte man ankündigende Signale früher erkannt. Des Weiteren kann die Angst eines Pferdes auch durch eine (Ver-) Weigerung, bestimmte Dinge zu tun, sichtbar werden. Diese Weigerung wird in der Reiterei gerne als „Bockigkeit“ und „Ungehorsam“ des Pferdes interpretiert und führt nicht selten zu einer Bestrafung. Insgesamt kann man sagen, dass angstauslösende Reize und die Reaktionen des Pferdes darauf oft falsch eingeschätzt oder falsch interpretiert werden und in der Folge auch falsch damit umgegangen wird. Ein Grund dafür ist sicher das fehlende Wissen über das Verhalten des Pferdes. Mit der vorliegenden Diplomarbeit soll ein Beitrag geleistet werden, das Pferd in seinem Angstverhalten besser zu verstehen. Ziel der Arbeit war es, das Verhalten des Pferdes bei verschiedenen Intensitäten von Angst zu untersuchen. Des Weiteren wurden Methoden untersucht, mit denen man die Angst von Pferden vor bestimmten Reizen und Situationen potentiell lindern kann, was letztendlich auch der Unfallvorbeugung dient. Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit wurde am Haupt- und Landesgestüt Marbach durchgeführt; 24 Junghengste standen hierfür zur Verfügung. Darunter waren 18 Deutsche Warmblüter, 3 Vollblutaraber und 3 Schwarzwälder Füchse (Kaltblüter), somit war auch ein Rassenvergleich möglich. In einem ersten Teil der Arbeit wurde untersucht, wie sich Angst bei Pferden äußert. Hierfür wurde ausgenutzt, dass Pferde ganz generell vor unbekannten, neuen Gegenständen Angst haben (= Neophobie). Zur Angstauslösung dienten als Konfrontationsgegenstände ein Sonnenschirm und eine Plastikplane. Beide Gegenstände waren für die Testpferde unbekannt. Das Verhalten sowie die Herzrate der Tiere wurden während aller Versuche beobachtet und quantifiziert. Nacheiner ersten Konfrontation wurden die Pferde an die Objekte gewöhnt (Extinktionstraining = Angstlöschung) und beobachtet welche Verhaltensymptome sich während dieser Gewöhnung (= Verlust der Neophobie) verändern. Die Hypothese war, dass tatsächliche Angstsymptome während der Gewöhnung immer seltener zu beobachten sind. Zusammenfassung III Als Verhaltensweisen für Angst konnten Ausweichbewegungen und Flucht, Lautäußerungen (Prusten und Schnauben), das Anspannen der Halsmuskulatur sowie das Vordrücken der Oberlippe identifiziert werden. Darüber hinaus wurde gezeigt, dass Abstufungen im Angstverhalten möglich sind: Bei sehr hohem Angstlevel sind Fluchtreaktionen zu beobachten. Bei mittlerem Angstlevel treten Ausweichbewegungen im Schritt und Lautäußerungen (Prusten und Schnauben) auf, bei geringem Angstlevel wird die Halsmuskulatur angespannt und die Oberlippe vorgedrückt. Im Zweiten Teil der Arbeit sollten verschiedene Methoden zur Angst-Extinktionauf ihre Wirksamkeit hin untersucht werden. Verwendet wurde in verschiedenen Testgruppen die Methode der Desensibilisierung (d.h. leichte, schrittweise stärker werdende Exposition gegenüber dem angstauslösenden Reiz), die Desensibilisierung mit Gegenkonditionierung (positive Verstärkung) durch Streicheln bzw. Reiben des Halses und die Desensibilisierung mit Gegenkonditionierung durch Futterbelohnung. Als Kontrollgruppe dienten Pferde, die ohne eine Konfrontation mit dem angstauslösenden Reiz nur über den Versuchplatz geführt wurden. Während des Extinktionstrainings konnte beobachtet werden, dass die Desensibilisierung mit Gegenkonditionierung zu einer schnelleren Extinktion führt als ohne Gegenkonditionierung. Allerdings zeigte ein Vergleich mit der Kontrollgruppe, die das Extinktionstraining nicht erfahren hatte, den gleichen Verlust an Angstverhalten wie die Gruppen mit Extinktionstraining. Dieses Ergebnis wurde so interpretiert, dass die wiederholte Exposition gegenüber angstauslösenden Reizen bei den durchgeführten Verhaltenstests zwar eine Rolle spielt, doch dass auch allein die Beschäftigung mit den Tieren zu einem Verlust von Angstverhalten führt (wahrscheinlich auch aufgrund eines wachsenden Vertrauens zur Führperson, die über das komplette Experiment hin die Gleiche blieb). |
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | Diploma thesis | |||
| Publisher | Place of Publication | Editor | |||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| ISSN | ISBN | Medium | |||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial  |
6205 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Kiliç, S.; Cantürk, G. | ||||
| Title | Car Accident Due to Horse Crossing the Motorway: Two Case Reports | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | The Bulletin of Legal Medicine | Abbreviated Journal | Bull. Leg. Med. |
| Volume | 22 | Issue | Pages | ||
| Keywords | animal vehicle collision, death, disability, horse, injury, motorway | ||||
| Abstract | Basic Commercial Court in Ankara wanted a report from our department of forensic medicine about two injury cases due to animal vehicle collision. The reports should include the disability rate and the duration of unfunctionality. After the examination we prepared the reports. Both vehicle collisions happened due to free ranging horse crossing the motorway. Both cases had different types of injury due to trauma. Vehicle collision due to horse crossing the motorway is rarely met in Turkey. Our first case is a man that had upper extremity and facial injury. He uses prothesis due to ear amputation. He has a scar tissue on the right side of his face and left forearm. The other case is three-years-old boy that had cranial bone fracture and cranial hematoma. He has also hemiparesis of the right side of body. Both cases have neurologic sequels but they have no psychiatric sequels. In literature, animal vehicle collisions involve lots of animal species such as kangaroo, deer, camel and moose. Animal vehicle collision involving the horses is rarely met. Forensic medicine specialists should state the causal link between traumatic events and disabilities in order to help justice. Our aim to present the current two cases is investigation of injuries of animal related collision and makes forensic medicine specialists pay attention to the subject of preparing reports about such cases. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial |
6206 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Schwenk, B.K.; Fürst, A.E.; Bischhofberger, A.S. | ||||
| Title | Traffic accident-related injuries in horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2016 | Publication | Pferdeheilkunde – Equine Medicine | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Med. |
| Volume | 32 | Issue | 3 | Pages | 192-199 |
| Keywords | traffic / horse / injury / body site / accident / trauma | ||||
| Abstract | Horses involved in road traffic accidents (RTAs) are commonly presented to veterinarians with varying types of injuries. The aim of this study was describe the pattern and severity of traffic accident-related injuries in horses in a single hospital population. Medical records of horses either hit by a motorized vehicle or involved in RTAs whilst being transported from 1993 to 2015 were retrospectively reviewed and the following data was extracted: Signalement, hospitalisation time, month in which the accident happened, cause of the accident, place of the accident and type of vehicle hitting the horse. Further the different body sites injured (head, neck, breast, fore limb, abdomen, back and spine, pelvis and ileosacral region, hind limb, tail and genital region), the type of injury (wounds, musculoskeletal lesions and internal lesions) and the presence of neurological signs were retrieved from the medical records. 34 horses hit by motorized vehicles and 13 horses involved in RTAs whilst being transported were included in the study. Most of the accidents where horses were hit by motorized vehicles occurred during December (14.7%) and October (14.7%), horses were most commonly hit by cars (85.3%) and the majority of accidents occurred on main roads (26.5%). In 29.4% of the cases, horses had escaped from their paddock and then collided with a motorized vehicle. Most of the accidents with horses involved in RTAs whilst being transported occurred during April (30.8%) and June (23.1%). In 76.9% of the cases the accident happened on a freeway. In the horses hit by motorized vehicles the proximal hind limbs were the body site most commonly affected (44.1%), followed by the proximal front limbs (38.2%) and the head (32.4%). When horses were involved in RTAs whilst being transported the proximal fore limbs (61.5%), the proximal hind limbs (53.8%) and the distal hind limbs, back and head (38.5% each) were the most common injured body sites. Wounds were the most common type of injury in both groups (85.3% hit by motorized vehicle, 76.9% transported ones). In horses hit by a motorized vehicle 35.3% suffered from fractures, in 20.6% a synovial structure was involved and in 5.9% a tendon lesion was present. 14.7% suffered from internal lesions and 14.7% showed neurologic symptoms (40% peripheral, 60% central neurologic deficits). On the other hand, in horses involved in a RTA whilst being transported 30.8% suffered from fractures. There were no synovial structures injured and no tendon injuries were present. Furthermore there were no internal lesions present and only one horse involved in a RTA showed central neurologic symptoms. Injuries of horses being hit by a motorized vehicle were more severe than when horses were protected by a trailer and involved in a RTA whilst being transported. The study has been able to identify the different injury types of traffic accident-related injuries in horses. Awareness of the nature of these injuries is important, to avoid underestimation of their severity. |
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial |
6207 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Siniscalchi, M.; Padalino, B.; Aubé, L.; Quaranta, A. | ||||
| Title | Right-nostril use during sniffing at arousing stimuli produces higher cardiac activity in jumper horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2015 | Publication | Laterality: Asymmetries of Body, Brain and Cognition | Abbreviated Journal | Laterality |
| Volume | 20 | Issue | 4 | Pages | 483-500 |
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| Abstract | Lateralization in horses, Equus caballus, has been reported at both motor and sensory levels. Here we investigated left- and right-nostril use in 12 jumper horses freely sniffing different emotive stimuli. Results revealed that during sniffing at adrenaline and oestrus mare urine stimuli, horses showed a clear right-nostril bias while just a tendency in the use of the right nostril was observed during sniffing of other odours (food, cotton swab and repellent). Sniffing at adrenaline and urine odours was also accompanied by increasing cardiac activity and behavioural reactivity strengthening the role of the right hemisphere in the analysis of intense emotion and sexual behaviour. | ||||
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| Publisher | Routledge | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1357-650x | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | doi: 10.1080/1357650X.2015.1005629 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial |
6208 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Collins, G.H.; Petersen, S.L.; Carr, C.A.; Pielstick, L. | ||||
| Title | Testing VHF/GPS Collar Design and Safety in the Study of Free-Roaming Horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2014 | Publication | Plos One | Abbreviated Journal | Plos One |
| Volume | 9 | Issue | 9 | Pages | e103189 |
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| Abstract | Effective and safe monitoring techniques are needed by U.S. land managers to understand free-roaming horse behavior and habitat use and to aid in making informed management decisions. Global positioning system (GPS) and very high frequency (VHF) radio collars can be used to provide high spatial and temporal resolution information for detecting free-roaming horse movement. GPS and VHF collars are a common tool used in wildlife management, but have rarely been used for free-roaming horse research and monitoring in the United States. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the design, safety, and detachment device on GPS/VHF collars used to collect free-roaming horse location and movement data. Between 2009 and 2010, 28 domestic and feral horses were marked with commercial and custom designed VHF/GPS collars. Individual horses were evaluated for damage caused by the collar placement, and following initial observations, collar design was modified to reduce the potential for injury. After collar modifications, which included the addition of collar length adjustments to both sides of the collar allowing for better alignment of collar and neck shapes, adding foam padding to the custom collars to replicate the commercial collar foam padding, and repositioning the detachment device to reduce wear along the jowl, we observed little to no evidence of collar wear on horses. Neither custom-built nor commercial collars caused injury to study horses, however, most of the custom-built collars failed to collect data. During the evaluation of collar detachment devices, we had an 89% success rate of collar devices detaching correctly. This study showed that free-roaming horses can be safely marked with GPS and/or VHF collars with minimal risk of injury, and that these collars can be a useful tool for monitoring horses without creating a risk to horse health and wellness. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Public Library of Science | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial |
6209 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Hampson, B.A.; Zabek, M.A.; Pollitt, C.C.; Nock, B. | ||||
| Title | Health and behaviour consequences of feral horse relocation | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2011 | Publication | Rangel. J. | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 33 | Issue | 2 | Pages | 173-180 |
| Keywords | equine, GPS, movement, range. | ||||
| Abstract | Despite ongoing projects involving the breeding and release of equids into semi-wild and wild environments, insufficient information is available in the literature that describes strategies used by equids to adapt and survive in a novel environment. The aim of this study was to assess the ability of naïve, feral Equus caballus (horse) mares to cope in a novel feral horse environment and investigate possible reasons why some may not survive this challenge. Four mares taken from a semi-arid desert environment remained in good health but significantly changed their movement behaviour pattern when surrounded by prime grazing habitat in a mesic temperate grassland. Three of the four mares captured from the prime grazing habitat and released in the semi-arid desert habitat died, apparently due to stress and/or starvation, within 8 weeks of release. The fourth mare survived 4 months but lost considerable weight.The group of mares relocated to the semi-arid desert environment had difficulty adapting to relocation and did not take up the movement behaviour strategy of local horses, which required long distance treks from a central water hole to distant feeding areas at least 15 km away. The movement behaviour, range use and health consequences of relocating equids may be of interest to wildlife ecologists, animal behaviourists and horse welfare groups. The observations may be used to guide those intending on relocating managed domestic and native horses to novel habitats. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial |
6210 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | López-Bao, J.V.; Sazatornil, V.; Llaneza, L.; Rodríguez, A. | ||||
| Title | Indirect Effects on Heathland Conservation and Wolf Persistence of Contradictory Policies that Threaten Traditional Free-Ranging Horse Husbandry | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Conservation Letters | Abbreviated Journal | Conservation Letters |
| Volume | 6 | Issue | 6 | Pages | 448-455 |
| Keywords | Farmland biodiversity; heathlands; integration of environmental policies; management of livestock carcasses; traditional land uses; wolf conservation | ||||
| Abstract | Conservation agencies within the European Union promote the restoration of traditional land uses as a cost-effective way to preserve biodiversity outside reserves. Although the European Union pursues the integration of the environment into strategic decision-making, it also dictates sectoral policies that may damage farmland biodiversity. We illustrate this point by outlining the socioeconomic factors that allow the persistence of traditional free-ranging horse husbandry in Galicia, northwestern Spain. Free-ranging Galician mountain ponies provide ecological and socioeconomic services including the prevention of forest fires, the maintenance of heathlands and wolves, and the attenuation of wolf-human conflicts. This traditional livestock system may have persisted because it entails negligible costs for farmers. Wolf predation upon Galician mountain ponies does not threaten farmer's economies and seems to be tolerated better than attacks to more valuable stock. Recently, European Union's regulations on animal welfare, carcass management, or meat production put new economic and administrative burdens on farmers, make free-ranging horse rearing economically unsustainable, and incentivize its abandonment. The aim of the European Union to integrate environmental policies may be successful to preserve farmland biodiversity only through careful anticipation of the side effects of apparently unrelated regulations on the fragile equilibrium that sustain traditional land uses. | ||||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1755-263x | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial |
6211 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Gaunitz, C.; Fages, A.; Hanghøj, K.; Albrechtsen, A.; Khan, N.; Schubert, M.; Seguin-Orlando, A.; Owens, I.J.; Felkel, S.; Bignon-Lau, O.; de Barros Damgaard, P.; Mittnik, A.; Mohaseb, A.F.; Davoudi, H.; Alquraishi, S.; Alfarhan, A.H.; Al-Rasheid, K.A.S.; Crubézy, E.; Benecke, N.; Olsen, S.; Brown, D.; Anthony, D.; Massy, K.; Pitulko, V.; Kasparov, A.; Brem, G.; Hofreiter, M.; Mukhtarova, G.; Baimukhanov, N.; Lõugas, L.; Onar, V.; Stockhammer, P.W.; Krause, J.; Boldgiv, B.; Undrakhbold, S.; Erdenebaatar, D.; Lepetz, S.; Mashkour, M.; Ludwig, A.; Wallner, B.; Merz, V.; Merz, I.; Zaibert, V.; Willerslev, E.; Librado, P.; Outram, A.K.; Orlando, L. | ||||
| Title | Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski's horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2018 | Publication | Science | Abbreviated Journal | |
| Volume | 360 | Issue | 6384 | Pages | 111-114 |
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| Abstract | The Eneolithic Botai culture of the Central Asian steppes provides the earliest archaeological evidence for horse husbandry, ~5,500 ya, but the exact nature of early horse domestication remains controversial. We generated 42 ancient horse genomes, including 20 from Botai. Compared to 46 published ancient and modern horse genomes, our data indicate that Przewalski's horses are the feral descendants of horses herded at Botai and not truly wild horses. All domestic horses dated from ~4,000 ya to present only show ~2.7% of Botai-related ancestry. This indicates that a massive genomic turnover underpins the expansion of the horse stock that gave rise to modern domesticates, which coincides with large-scale human population expansions during the Early Bronze Age. | ||||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Admin @ knut @ | Serial |
6212 | ||
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| Author | Guidi, A.; Lanata, A.; Valenza, G.; Scilingo, E.P.; Baragli, P. | ||||
| Title | Validation of smart textile electrodes for electrocardiogram monitoring in free-moving horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2017 | Publication | Journal of Veterinary Behavior: Clinical Applications and Research | Abbreviated Journal | J. Vet. Behav. |
| Volume | 17 | Issue | Pages | 19-23 | |
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| Abstract | This article focuses on the validation of smart textile electrodes used to acquire electrocardiogram (ECG) signals in horses in a comfortable and robust manner. The performance of smart textile electrodes is compared with standard Ag/AgCl electrodes in terms of the percentage of motion artifacts (MAs, the noise that results from the movement of electrodes against the skin) and signal quality. Seven healthy Standardbred mares were equipped with 2 identical electronic systems for the simultaneous collection of ECGs. One system was equipped with smart textile electrodes, whereas the second was equipped with standard Ag/AgCl electrodes. Each horse was then monitored individually in a stall for 1 hour, without any movement constraints. The ECGs were visually examined by an expert who blindly labeled the ECG segments that had been corrupted by MAs. Finally, the percentage of MAs (MA%) was computed as the number of samples of the corrupted segments over the whole length of the signal. The total MA% was found to be lower for the smart textiles than for the Ag/AgCl electrodes. Consistent results were also obtained by investigating MAs over time. These results suggest that smart textile electrodes are more reliable when recording artifact-free ECGs in horses at rest. Thus, improving the acquisition of important physiological information related to the activity of the autonomic nervous system, such as heart rate variability, could help to provide reliable information on the mood and state of arousal of horses. | ||||
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| Publisher | Elsevier | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
| Language | Summary Language | Original Title | |||
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| Series Volume | Series Issue | Edition | |||
| ISSN | 1558-7878 | ISBN | Medium | ||
| Area | Expedition | Conference | |||
| Notes | doi: 10.1016/j.jveb.2016.10.001 | Approved | no | ||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial |
6213 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||
| Author | Petersen, J.L.; Mickelson, J.R.; Cothran, E.G.; Andersson, L.S.; Axelsson, J.; Bailey, E.; Bannasch, D.; Binns, M.M.; Borges, A.S.; Brama, P.; da Câmara Machado, A.; Distl, O.; Felicetti, M.; Fox-Clipsham, L.; Graves, K.T.; Guérin, G.; Haase, B.; Hasegawa, T.; Hemmann, K.; Hill, E.W.; Leeb, T.; Lindgren, G.; Lohi, H.; Lopes, M.S.; McGivney, B.A.; Mikko, S.; Orr, N.; Penedo, M.C.T.; Piercy, R.J.; Raekallio, M.; Rieder, S.; Røed, K.H.; Silvestrelli, M.; Swinburne, J.; Tozaki, T.; Vaudin, M.; M. Wade, C.; McCue, M.E. | ||||
| Title | Genetic Diversity in the Modern Horse Illustrated from Genome-Wide SNP Data | Type | Journal Article | ||
| Year | 2013 | Publication | Plos One | Abbreviated Journal | Plos One |
| Volume | 8 | Issue | 1 | Pages | e54997 |
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| Abstract | Horses were domesticated from the Eurasian steppes 5,000-6,000 years ago. Since then, the use of horses for transportation, warfare, and agriculture, as well as selection for desired traits and fitness, has resulted in diverse populations distributed across the world, many of which have become or are in the process of becoming formally organized into closed, breeding populations (breeds). This report describes the use of a genome-wide set of autosomal SNPs and 814 horses from 36 breeds to provide the first detailed description of equine breed diversity. FST calculations, parsimony, and distance analysis demonstrated relationships among the breeds that largely reflect geographic origins and known breed histories. Low levels of population divergence were observed between breeds that are relatively early on in the process of breed development, and between those with high levels of within-breed diversity, whether due to large population size, ongoing outcrossing, or large within-breed phenotypic diversity. Populations with low within-breed diversity included those which have experienced population bottlenecks, have been under intense selective pressure, or are closed populations with long breed histories. These results provide new insights into the relationships among and the diversity within breeds of horses. In addition these results will facilitate future genome-wide association studies and investigations into genomic targets of selection. | ||||
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| Corporate Author | Thesis | ||||
| Publisher | Public Library of Science | Place of Publication | Editor | ||
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| Notes | Approved | no | |||
| Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial |
6214 | ||
| Permanent link to this record | |||||