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Author Meriggi,A.; Lovari, S.
Title A Review of Wolf Predation in Southern Europe: Does the Wolf Prefer Wild Prey to Livestock? Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1996 Publication Journal of Applled Ecology Abbreviated Journal J. Appl. Ecol
Volume 33 Issue Pages 1561-1571
Keywords Canis lupus, conservation, food habits, prey abundance, prey availability.
Abstract 1. The recent recovery of the wolf in southern Europe has not yet removed the risk

of local extinction. Wolf populations are fragmented and often comprise fewer than

500 individuals. In North America, northern and eastern Europe, wolves feed maiiily

on wild herbivores. In southern Europe, this canid has apparently adapted to feed

also on fruit, rubbish, livestock, small and medium-size mammals.

2. The main conservation problem lies with predation o n domestic ~ingulates,w liich

leads to extensive killing of wolves. The reintroduction of wild large herbivores has

been advocated as a means of reducing attacks on livestock, but predatiori on the

latter may remain high if domestic ungulates are locally abundant.

3. Our synthesis of 15 studies, published in the last 15 years, on food habits of the

wolf in southern Europe, has shown that ungulates have been the main diet component

overall. A significant inverse correlation was found between the occurrence (%) of

wild and domestic ungulates in the diet. The presence of relatively few wild ungulate

species was necessary to reduce predation on livestock.

4. Selection of wild and domestic ungulate prey was influenced mainly by their local

abundance, but also by their accessibility. Feeding dependence on rubbish was local

and rare. In Italy, the consumption of riibbish/fruit and that of ungulates was significantly

negatively correlated. Diet breadth increased as the presence of large prey

in tlie diet decreased.

5. The simultaneous reintroduction of severa1 wild ungulate species is likely to reduce

predation on livestock and may prove to be one of the most effective conservation

measures.
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6387
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Author Whiten A.; Byrne, R. W. (eds)
Title Machiavellian Intelligence II – Extensions and Evaluations Type Book Whole
Year (up) 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal
Volume Issue Pages
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Publisher Cambridge University Press Place of Publication Cambridge Editor Whiten A.; Byrne, R. W.
Language Summary Language Original Title
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5233
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Author Russell, C.L.; Bard, K.A.; Adamson, L.B.
Title Social referencing by young chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1997 Publication Journal of Comparative Psychology Abbreviated Journal J. Comp. Psychol.
Volume 111 Issue 2 Pages 185-191
Keywords happy & fear messages concerning novel objects from familiar human caregiver, social referencing, 14–41 mo old chimpanzees
Abstract Social referencing is the seeking of information from another individual and the use of that information to evaluate a situation. It is a well-documented ability in human infants but has not been studied experimentally in nonhuman primates. Seventeen young nursery-reared chimpanzees (14 to 41 months old) were observed in a standard social referencing paradigm in which they received happy and fear messages concerning novel objects from a familiar human caregiver. Each chimpanzee looked referentially at their caregiver, and the emotional messages that they received differentially influenced their gaze behavior and avoidance of the novel objects. It is concluded that chimpanzees can acquire information about their complex social and physical environments through social referencing and can use emotional information to alter their own behavior. (PsycINFO Database Record (c) 2010 APA, all rights reserved)
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Publisher US: American Psychological Association Place of Publication Editor
Language Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 1939-2087(Electronic);0735-7036(Print) ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ 1997-06365-008 Serial 5603
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Author Shmidt Mech, L.D.
Title Wolf pack size and food acquisition Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1997 Publication Am Nat Abbreviated Journal
Volume 150 Issue Pages
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Shmidt Mech1997 Serial 6482
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Author Kräußlich, H.; Brem, G.
Title Tierzucht und allgemeine Landwirtschaftslehre für Tiermediziner Type Book Whole
Year (up) 1997 Publication Abbreviated Journal
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Publisher Enke Place of Publication Stuttgart Editor
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 6542
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Author Cooper, J.J.
Title Comparative learning theory and its application in the training of horses Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1998 Publication Equine veterinary journal. Supplement Abbreviated Journal Equine Vet J Suppl
Volume Issue 27 Pages 39-43
Keywords Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Conditioning (Psychology); Horses/*psychology; *Learning; Reinforcement (Psychology)
Abstract Training can best be explained as a process that occurs through stimulus-response-reinforcement chains, whereby animals are conditioned to associate cues in their environment, with specific behavioural responses and their rewarding consequences. Research into learning in horses has concentrated on their powers of discrimination and on primary positive reinforcement schedules, where the correct response is paired with a desirable consequence such as food. In contrast, a number of other learning processes that are used in training have been widely studied in other species, but have received little scientific investigation in the horse. These include: negative reinforcement, where performance of the correct response is followed by removal of, or decrease in, intensity of a unpleasant stimulus; punishment, where an incorrect response is paired with an undesirable consequence, but without consistent prior warning; secondary conditioning, where a natural primary reinforcer such as food is closely associated with an arbitrary secondary reinforcer such as vocal praise; and variable or partial conditioning, where once the correct response has been learnt, reinforcement is presented according to an intermittent schedule to increase resistance to extinction outside of training.
Address Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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Notes PMID:10485003 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 846
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Author Blunden, A.S.; Smith, K.C.; Whitwell, K.E.; Dunn, K.A.
Title Systemic infection by equid herpesvirus-1 in a Grevy's zebra stallion (Equus grevyi) with particular reference to genital pathology Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1998 Publication Journal of Comparative Pathology Abbreviated Journal J Comp Pathol
Volume 119 Issue 4 Pages 485-493
Keywords Animals; Animals, Zoo; Epididymis/pathology/virology; Equidae/*virology; Herpesviridae Infections/diagnosis/pathology/*veterinary; Herpesvirus 1, Equid/isolation & purification/*pathogenicity; Lymph Nodes/pathology/virology; Male; Nasal Mucosa/pathology/virology; Pulmonary Edema/pathology; Spleen/virology; Testis/*pathology/virology
Abstract A severe multi-systemic form of equid herpesvirus-1 infection is described in an adult zebra stallion. There was multifocal necrotizing rhinitis, marked hydrothorax and pulmonary oedema, with viral antigen expression in degenerating epithelial cells, local endothelial cells and intravascular leucocytes of the nasal mucosa and lung. Specific localization of EHV-1 infection was seen in the testes and epididymides, including infection of Leydig cells and germinal epithelium, which would have facilitated venereal shedding of virus in life. The case provided a unique opportunity to study hitherto undescribed aspects of the pathogenesis of naturally occurring EHV-1 infection in the male equine genital tract. Restriction digests of the isolate demonstrated a pattern similar to that of EHV-1 isolates previously recovered from aborted zebra and onager fetuses.
Address Animal Health Trust Centre for Preventive Medicine, Newmarket, Suffolk, UK
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
Series Editor Series Title Abbreviated Series Title
Series Volume Series Issue Edition
ISSN 0021-9975 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:9839210 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 2239
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Author Dunbar, Robin I. M.
Title The social brain hypothesis Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1998 Publication Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews Abbreviated Journal Evol. Anthropol.
Volume 6 Issue 5 Pages 178-190
Keywords brain size – neocortex – social brain hypothesis – social skills – mind reading – primates
Abstract Conventional wisdom over the past 160 years in the cognitive and neurosciences has assumed that brains evolved to process factual information about the world. Most attention has therefore been focused on such features as pattern recognition, color vision, and speech perception. By extension, it was assumed that brains evolved to deal with essentially ecological problem-solving tasks. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc.
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Notes Robin Dunbar is Professor of Evolutionary Psychology and Behavioural Ecology at the University of Liverpool, England. His research primarily focuses on the behavioral ecology of ungulates and human and nonhuman primates, and on the cognitive mechanisms and brain components that underpin the decisions that animals make. He runs a large research group, with graduate students working on many different species on four continents. Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4371
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Author Byrne, R. W.; Russon, A. E.
Title Learning by imitation: a hierachical approach Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1998 Publication Abbreviated Journal Behav. Brain Sci.
Volume 21 Issue Pages 667-721
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5598
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Author Vetvik, H.; Grewal, H.M.S.; Haugen, I.L.; Åhrén, C.; Haneberg, B.
Title Mucosal antibodies can be measured in air-dried samples of saliva and feces Type Journal Article
Year (up) 1998 Publication Journal of Immunological Methods Abbreviated Journal
Volume 215 Issue 1–2 Pages 163-172
Keywords Saliva; Feces; IgA; IgG; Air-drying
Abstract IgA antibodies reflecting airways or intestinal mucosal immune responses can be found in saliva and feces, respectively, and IgG antibodies reflecting serum antibodies can be found in saliva. In this study, antibodies were detected in samples of saliva and feces which had been air-dried at room temperature (+20°C) or +37°C, and stored at these temperatures for up to 6 months. In saliva the antibody levels increased, while the antibodies in feces decreased upon storage. The individual IgA antibody concentrations which were adjusted by using the ratios of specific IgA/total IgA were relatively stable in both saliva and feces, and correlated with corresponding antibody levels in samples which had been stored at -20°C. The results indicate that air-dried saliva and feces can be used for semiquantitative measurements of mucosal antibodies, even after prolonged storage at high temperatures and lack of refrigeration.
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ISSN 0022-1759 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5996
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