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Author |
Meriggi,A.; Lovari, S. |
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Title |
A Review of Wolf Predation in Southern Europe: Does the Wolf Prefer Wild Prey to Livestock? |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1996 |
Publication |
Journal of Applled Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Appl. Ecol |
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33 |
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1561-1571 |
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Keywords |
Canis lupus, conservation, food habits, prey abundance, prey availability. |
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Abstract |
1. The recent recovery of the wolf in southern Europe has not yet removed the risk
of local extinction. Wolf populations are fragmented and often comprise fewer than
500 individuals. In North America, northern and eastern Europe, wolves feed maiiily
on wild herbivores. In southern Europe, this canid has apparently adapted to feed
also on fruit, rubbish, livestock, small and medium-size mammals.
2. The main conservation problem lies with predation o n domestic ~ingulates,w liich
leads to extensive killing of wolves. The reintroduction of wild large herbivores has
been advocated as a means of reducing attacks on livestock, but predatiori on the
latter may remain high if domestic ungulates are locally abundant.
3. Our synthesis of 15 studies, published in the last 15 years, on food habits of the
wolf in southern Europe, has shown that ungulates have been the main diet component
overall. A significant inverse correlation was found between the occurrence (%) of
wild and domestic ungulates in the diet. The presence of relatively few wild ungulate
species was necessary to reduce predation on livestock.
4. Selection of wild and domestic ungulate prey was influenced mainly by their local
abundance, but also by their accessibility. Feeding dependence on rubbish was local
and rare. In Italy, the consumption of riibbish/fruit and that of ungulates was significantly
negatively correlated. Diet breadth increased as the presence of large prey
in tlie diet decreased.
5. The simultaneous reintroduction of severa1 wild ungulate species is likely to reduce
predation on livestock and may prove to be one of the most effective conservation
measures. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6387 |
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Author |
Palme, R.; Moestl, E. |
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Title |
Measurement of cortisol metabolites in faeces of sheep as a parameter of cortisol concentration in blood |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1997 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift für Säugetierkunde |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Mammal. Biol. |
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62 |
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Pages |
192-197 |
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Keywords |
glucocorticoids, metabolites, animal biology, sheep, immunoenzyme techniques, |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6044 |
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Author |
Shmidt Mech, L.D. |
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Title |
Wolf pack size and food acquisition |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1997 |
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Am Nat |
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150 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Shmidt Mech1997 |
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6482 |
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Author |
Kräußlich, H.; Brem, G. |
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Title |
Tierzucht und allgemeine Landwirtschaftslehre für Tiermediziner |
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Book Whole |
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1997 |
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Enke |
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Stuttgart |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6542 |
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Author |
Daniel, J.C.; Mikulka, P.J. |
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Title |
Discrimination learning in the white rhinoceros |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci. |
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Volume |
58 |
Issue |
1–2 |
Pages |
197-202 |
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Keywords |
Rhinoceros; Learning |
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Abstract |
This study examined the ability of two adult white rhinoceroses (Ceratotherium simum simum) to develop a visual discrimination between an open circle and a triangle. These stimuli were presented as black symbols on large white cards. The cards were presented 4.6 m apart and a food reward was given if the subject approached the open circle. Ten discrimination choices were given daily until each subject reached the criterion of 80% correct responding over a block of 50 trials. The female reached the criterion over trials 151–200, while the male required considerably longer (trials 501–550). The male's discrimination was dramatically affected by a shift in the food reward. This study demonstrates that these rhinos were able to develop a successful discrimination and this protocol could be used to further examine their visual acuity. |
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0168-1591 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6145 |
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Author |
Klingel, H. |
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Title |
Observations on social organization and behaviour of African and Asiatic Wild Asses (Equus africanus and Equus hemionus) |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
Publication |
Applied Animal Behaviour Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Appl Anim Behav Sci |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
103-113 |
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Keywords |
Equus africanus Equus hemionus Territoriality |
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Abstract |
1This paper appears with kind permission of Verlag Paul Parey, Berlin and Hamburg. It was originally published in Z. Tierpsychol., 44, 323-331 (1977), ISSN 0044-3573/ASTM-Coden: ZETIAG.1
Abstract
African and Asiatic Wild Asses (Equus africanus and Equus hemionus) live in unstable groups or herds of variable composition. Some of the adult stallions are territorial in large territories in which they tolerate other ♂♂. The territorial ♂♂ are dominant over all their conspecifics |
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0168-1591 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6173 |
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Author |
Mench, J.A.; Morrow-Tesch, J.; Chu, L.-R. |
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Title |
Environmental enrichment for farm animals |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1998 |
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Lab Animal |
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Lab Anim. |
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27 |
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32-36 |
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ISSN : 0093-7355 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6188 |
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Author |
Zohary, D.; Tchernov, E.; Horwitz, L.K. |
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Title |
The role of unconscious selection in the domestication of sheep and goats |
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Year |
1998 |
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J Zool |
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245 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Zohary1998 |
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6240 |
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Author |
Whiten, A. |
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Title |
Imitation of the sequential structure of actions by chimpanzees |
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Year |
1998 |
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J Comp Psychol |
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11 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Whiten1998 |
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6291 |
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Author |
Breitenmoser, U. |
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Title |
Large predators in the Alps: the fall and rise of man's competitors |
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1998 |
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Biol Conserv |
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83 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Breitenmoser1998 |
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6450 |
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