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Author | Zentall, T.R.; Sutton, J.E.; Sherburne, L.M. | ||||
Title | True imitative learning in pigeons | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Psychol Sci | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 7 | Issue | Pages | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Zentall1996 | Serial | 6372 | ||
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Author | Meriggi,A.; Lovari, S. | ||||
Title | A Review of Wolf Predation in Southern Europe: Does the Wolf Prefer Wild Prey to Livestock? | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1996 | Publication | Journal of Applled Ecology | Abbreviated Journal | J. Appl. Ecol |
Volume | 33 | Issue | Pages | 1561-1571 | |
Keywords | Canis lupus, conservation, food habits, prey abundance, prey availability. | ||||
Abstract | 1. The recent recovery of the wolf in southern Europe has not yet removed the risk of local extinction. Wolf populations are fragmented and often comprise fewer than 500 individuals. In North America, northern and eastern Europe, wolves feed maiiily on wild herbivores. In southern Europe, this canid has apparently adapted to feed also on fruit, rubbish, livestock, small and medium-size mammals. 2. The main conservation problem lies with predation o n domestic ~ingulates,w liich leads to extensive killing of wolves. The reintroduction of wild large herbivores has been advocated as a means of reducing attacks on livestock, but predatiori on the latter may remain high if domestic ungulates are locally abundant. 3. Our synthesis of 15 studies, published in the last 15 years, on food habits of the wolf in southern Europe, has shown that ungulates have been the main diet component overall. A significant inverse correlation was found between the occurrence (%) of wild and domestic ungulates in the diet. The presence of relatively few wild ungulate species was necessary to reduce predation on livestock. 4. Selection of wild and domestic ungulate prey was influenced mainly by their local abundance, but also by their accessibility. Feeding dependence on rubbish was local and rare. In Italy, the consumption of riibbish/fruit and that of ungulates was significantly negatively correlated. Diet breadth increased as the presence of large prey in tlie diet decreased. 5. The simultaneous reintroduction of severa1 wild ungulate species is likely to reduce predation on livestock and may prove to be one of the most effective conservation measures. |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6387 | ||
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Author | Shmidt Mech, L.D. | ||||
Title | Wolf pack size and food acquisition | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Am Nat | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 150 | Issue | Pages | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Shmidt Mech1997 | Serial | 6482 | ||
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Author | Kräußlich, H.; Brem, G. | ||||
Title | Tierzucht und allgemeine Landwirtschaftslehre für Tiermediziner | Type | Book Whole | ||
Year | 1997 | Publication | Abbreviated Journal | ||
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Publisher | Enke | Place of Publication | Stuttgart | Editor | |
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6542 | ||
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Author | Cooper, J.J. | ||||
Title | Comparative learning theory and its application in the training of horses | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Equine veterinary journal. Supplement | Abbreviated Journal | Equine Vet J Suppl |
Volume | Issue | 27 | Pages | 39-43 | |
Keywords | Animals; *Behavior, Animal; Conditioning (Psychology); Horses/*psychology; *Learning; Reinforcement (Psychology) | ||||
Abstract | Training can best be explained as a process that occurs through stimulus-response-reinforcement chains, whereby animals are conditioned to associate cues in their environment, with specific behavioural responses and their rewarding consequences. Research into learning in horses has concentrated on their powers of discrimination and on primary positive reinforcement schedules, where the correct response is paired with a desirable consequence such as food. In contrast, a number of other learning processes that are used in training have been widely studied in other species, but have received little scientific investigation in the horse. These include: negative reinforcement, where performance of the correct response is followed by removal of, or decrease in, intensity of a unpleasant stimulus; punishment, where an incorrect response is paired with an undesirable consequence, but without consistent prior warning; secondary conditioning, where a natural primary reinforcer such as food is closely associated with an arbitrary secondary reinforcer such as vocal praise; and variable or partial conditioning, where once the correct response has been learnt, reinforcement is presented according to an intermittent schedule to increase resistance to extinction outside of training. | ||||
Address | Department of Zoology, University of Oxford, UK | ||||
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Language | English | Summary Language | Original Title | ||
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Notes | PMID:10485003 | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | refbase @ user @ | Serial | 846 | ||
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Author | Dunbar, Robin I. M. | ||||
Title | The social brain hypothesis | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Evolutionary Anthropology: Issues, News, and Reviews | Abbreviated Journal | Evol. Anthropol. |
Volume | 6 | Issue | 5 | Pages | 178-190 |
Keywords | brain size – neocortex – social brain hypothesis – social skills – mind reading – primates | ||||
Abstract | Conventional wisdom over the past 160 years in the cognitive and neurosciences has assumed that brains evolved to process factual information about the world. Most attention has therefore been focused on such features as pattern recognition, color vision, and speech perception. By extension, it was assumed that brains evolved to deal with essentially ecological problem-solving tasks. © 1998 Wiley-Liss, Inc. | ||||
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Notes | Robin Dunbar is Professor of Evolutionary Psychology and Behavioural Ecology at the University of Liverpool, England. His research primarily focuses on the behavioral ecology of ungulates and human and nonhuman primates, and on the cognitive mechanisms and brain components that underpin the decisions that animals make. He runs a large research group, with graduate students working on many different species on four continents. | Approved | no | ||
Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 4371 | ||
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Author | Mench, J.A.; Morrow-Tesch, J.; Chu, L.-R. | ||||
Title | Environmental enrichment for farm animals | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Lab Animal | Abbreviated Journal | Lab Anim. |
Volume | 27 | Issue | Pages | 32-36 | |
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ISSN | ISBN | ISSN : 0093-7355 | Medium | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ | Serial | 6188 | ||
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Author | Zohary, D.; Tchernov, E.; Horwitz, L.K. | ||||
Title | The role of unconscious selection in the domestication of sheep and goats | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | J Zool | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 245 | Issue | Pages | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Zohary1998 | Serial | 6240 | ||
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Author | Whiten, A. | ||||
Title | Imitation of the sequential structure of actions by chimpanzees | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | J Comp Psychol | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 11 | Issue | Pages | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Whiten1998 | Serial | 6291 | ||
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Author | Breitenmoser, U. | ||||
Title | Large predators in the Alps: the fall and rise of man's competitors | Type | Journal Article | ||
Year | 1998 | Publication | Biol Conserv | Abbreviated Journal | |
Volume | 83 | Issue | Pages | ||
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Call Number | Equine Behaviour @ team @ Breitenmoser1998 | Serial | 6450 | ||
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