| Records |
| Author |
von Bayern, A.M.P. |
| Title |
The role of experience in problem solving and innovative tool use in crows |
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Journal Article |
Year  |
2009 |
Publication |
Curr Biol |
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| Volume |
19 |
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| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ von Bayern2009 |
Serial |
6290 |
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| Author |
Reader, S.M.; Laland, K.N. |
| Title |
Animal Innovation |
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Book Whole |
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2009 |
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Oxford University Press |
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Oxford |
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978-0-19-852622 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6381 |
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| Author |
Szabó, L.; Heltai, M.; Szucs, E.; Lanszki, J.; Lehoczki, R. |
| Title |
Expansion range of the golden jackal in Hungary between 1997 and 2006 |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Mammalia |
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| Volume |
73 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Szabó2009 |
Serial |
6461 |
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| Author |
Boersma, P.; Weenink, D. |
| Title |
Praat: doing phonetics by computer |
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Book Whole |
| Year |
2009 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Boersma2009 |
Serial |
6496 |
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| Author |
Liker, A.; Bókony, V. |
| Title |
Larger groups are more successful in innovative problem solving in house sparrows |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Natl Acad Sci USA |
| Volume |
106 |
Issue |
19 |
Pages |
7893-7898 |
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| Abstract |
Group living offers well-known benefits to animals, such as better predator avoidance and increased foraging success. An important additional, but so far neglected, advantage is that groups may cope more effectively with unfamiliar situations through faster innovations of new solutions by some group members. We tested this hypothesis experimentally by presenting a new foraging task of opening a familiar feeder in an unfamiliar way to house sparrows in small and large groups (2 versus 6 birds). Group size had strong effects on problem solving: sparrows performed 4 times more and 11 times faster openings in large than in small groups, and all members of large groups profited by getting food sooner (7 times on average). Independently from group size, urban groups were more successful than rural groups. The disproportionately higher success in large groups was not a mere consequence of higher number of attempts, but was also related to a higher effectiveness of problem solving (3 times higher proportion of successful birds). The analyses of the birds' behavior suggest that the latter was not explained by either reduced investment in antipredator vigilance or reduced neophobia in large groups. Instead, larger groups may contain more diverse individuals with different skills and experiences, which may increase the chance of solving the task by some group members. Increased success in problem solving may promote group living in animals and may help them to adapt quickly to new situations in rapidly-changing environments. |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6538 |
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| Author |
Dunbar, R.I.M. |
| Title |
The social brain hypothesis and its implications for social evolution |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Annals of Human Biology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Annals of Human Biology |
| Volume |
36 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
562-572 |
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| Abstract |
The social brain hypothesis was proposed as an explanation for the fact that primates have unusually large brains for body size compared to all other vertebrates: Primates evolved large brains to manage their unusually complex social systems. Although this proposal has been generalized to all vertebrate taxa as an explanation for brain evolution, recent analyses suggest that the social brain hypothesis takes a very different form in other mammals and birds than it does in anthropoid primates. In primates, there is a quantitative relationship between brain size and social group size (group size is a monotonic function of brain size), presumably because the cognitive demands of sociality place a constraint on the number of individuals that can be maintained in a coherent group. In other mammals and birds, the relationship is a qualitative one: Large brains are associated with categorical differences in mating system, with species that have pairbonded mating systems having the largest brains. It seems that anthropoid primates may have generalized the bonding processes that characterize monogamous pairbonds to other non-reproductive relationships (?friendships?), thereby giving rise to the quantitative relationship between group size and brain size that we find in this taxon. This raises issues about why bonded relationships are cognitively so demanding (and, indeed, raises questions about what a bonded relationship actually is), and when and why primates undertook this change in social style. |
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Taylor & Francis |
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0301-4460 |
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doi: 10.1080/03014460902960289 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6546 |
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| Author |
Veen, P.; Jefferson, R.; de Smidt, J.; van der Straaten, J. |
| Title |
Grasslands in Europe of high nature value |
Type |
Book Whole |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
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Brill |
Place of Publication |
The Netherlands |
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No Linguistic Content |
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9789050113168 9050113168 9789004278103 9004278109 |
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no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ 6066883015 |
Serial |
6561 |
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| Author |
Iliopoulos, Y.; Sgardelis, S.; Koutis, V.; Savaris, D. |
| Title |
Wolf depredation on livestock in central Greece |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Mammal Research |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mamm. Reas. |
| Volume |
54 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
11-22 |
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| Abstract |
We studied wolfCanis lupus Linnaeus, 1758 -- livestock conflict in central Greece by investigating patterns of 267 verified wolf attacks on livestock for 21 months. Wolves attacked adult goats 43% and cattle 218% more than expected, whereas sheep 41% less than expected from their availability. Wolves killed less than four sheep or goats in 79%, and one cow or calf in 74% of depredation events, respectively. We recorded higher attack rates during wolf post-weaning season. Wolf attacks on strayed, or kept inside non predator-proof enclosures, sheep and goats, were on average two to four times respectively more destructive than those when livestock was guarded by a shepherd. Sheepdog use reduced losses per attack. Optimal sheepdog number ranged from 3 to 9 animals depending on flock size. Losses per attack were positively related to the number of wolves involved. Total losses per farm were positively correlated with the size of livestock unit but percentage losses per capita increased with decreasing flock size. Management implications to mitigate livestock depredation are discussed. |
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2199-241x |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Iliopoulos2009 |
Serial |
6576 |
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| Author |
Ruid, D.B.; Paul, W.J.; Roell, B.J.; Wydeven, A.P.; Willging, R.C.; Jurewicz, R.L.; Lonsway, D.H. |
| Title |
Wolf-Human Conflicts and Management in Minnesota, Wisconsin, and Michigan |
Type |
Book Chapter |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Recovery of Gray Wolves in the Great Lakes Region of the United States: An Endangered Species Success Story |
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Pages |
279-295 |
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Springer New York |
Place of Publication |
New York, NY |
Editor |
Wydeven, A.P.; Van Deelen, T.R.; Heske, E.J. |
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978-0-387-85952-1 |
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Approved |
no |
| Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ Ruid2009 |
Serial |
6577 |
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| Author |
McGreevy, P.D.; McLean, A.N. |
| Title |
Punishment in horse-training and the concept of ethical equitation |
Type |
Journal Article |
| Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Journal of Veterinary Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Vet. Behav. |
| Volume |
4 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
193-197 |
| Keywords |
conditioning; welfare; ethical equitation; horse; punishment; training |
| Abstract |
By definition, punishment makes a response less likely in the future. Because horses are largely trained by negative reinforcement, they are susceptible to inadvertent punishment. Delays in the release of pressure can make desirable responses less likely and thus punish them. This study examines the correct use of negative reinforcement and identifies a continuum between poorly timed negative reinforcement and punishment. It explores some of the problems of non-contingent punishment and the prospect of learned helplessness and experimental neurosis. It concludes by introducing the concept of ethical equitation. |
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1558-7878 |
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no |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6599 |
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