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Author |
Morgan, T.W.; Elliott, C.L. |
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Comparison of remotely-triggered cameras vs. howling surveys for estimating coyote (Canis latrans) Abundance in central Kentucky |
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2011 |
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J Ky Acad Science |
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72 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Morgan2011 |
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6492 |
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Clayton, H.M.; Hampson, A.; Fraser, P.; White, A.; Egenvall, A. |
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Title |
Comparison of rider stability in a flapless saddle versus a conventional saddle |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2018 |
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Plos One |
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Plos One |
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13 |
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6 |
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e0196960 |
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The purpose of a saddle is to improve the rider's safety, security, and comfort, while distributing the forces exerted by the rider and saddle over a large area of the horse's back without focal pressure points. This study investigates the effects on rider stability of an innovative saddle design that differs from a conventional saddle in having no flaps. Five horses were ridden by their regular rider in their usual saddle and in a flapless saddle. A pressure mat (60 Hz) placed between the saddle and the horse's back was used to determine the position of the center of pressure, which represents the centroid of pressure distribution on the horse's back. Data were recorded as five horses were ridden at collected and extended walk, trot and canter in a straight line. Data strings were split into strides with 5 strides analysed per horse/gait/type. For each stride the path of the rider's center of pressure was plotted, maximal and minimal values in the anteroposterior and mediolateral directions were extracted, and ranges of motion in anteroposterior and mediolateral directions were calculated. Differences between the conventional and flapless saddles were analysed using mixed models ANOVA. Speed and stride length of each gait did not differ between saddles. Compared with the conventional saddle, the flapless saddle was associated with significant reductions in range of motion of the rider's center of pressure in the mediolateral direction in all gaits and in the anteroposterior direction in collected trot, extended trot and extended canter. The improved stability was thought to result from the absence of saddle flaps allowing the rider's thighs to lie in more adducted positions, which facilitated the action of the lumbopelvic-hip musculature in stabilizing and controlling translations and rotations of the pelvis and trunk. The closer contact between rider and horse may also have augmented the transfer of haptic information. |
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Public Library of Science |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6423 |
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Werhahn, H.; Hessel, E.F.; Van den Weghe, H.F.A. |
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Title |
Competition Horses Housed in Single Stalls (II): Effects of Free Exercise on the Behavior in the Stable, the Behavior during Training, and the Degree of Stress |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2012 |
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Journal of Equine Veterinary Science |
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32 |
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1 |
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22-31 |
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Horse; Turnout; Single stall; Behavior; Hrv |
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Although housing horses in single stalls limits their natural behavior to a great extent, this housing system is widespread in Germany, especially for competition horses. To improve the welfare of this system, free exercise on pastures or paddocks is deemed suitable, but it is also feared because of injuries and decreased willingness or motivation to perform. In the present study, three treatments were investigated with regard to their effect on the behavior of six competition horses in the stable, behavior during training, and on their degree of stress: daily training without free exercise (no turnout [NT]), solitary turnout for 2 hours after training, and 2-hour turnout in groups of two after training (group turnout). The horses' behavior in the stable was continuously analyzed through video recordings (2 pm to 6 am) on 3 days at the end of each treatment. The degree of stress was evaluated daily by heart rate variability at rest. The behavior during training was evaluated by a questionnaire answered by the riders, and the distance covered during training was measured by global positioning system. When NT was allowed, the horses showed less lying in the stable compared with the treatments with turnout. Heart rate variability measurements resulted in great individual differences, but generally, there was a higher degree of stress shown with the treatment NT according to the following parameters: standard deviation of inter-beat-intervals (SDNN), square root of the mean of the sum of the squares of differences between successive inter-beat-intervals (RMSSD), and ratio between low frequency and high frequency (LF/HF). The willingness to perform was evaluated as being slightly better in the treatments with turnout than in the treatment without turnout. |
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0737-0806 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6626 |
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Treichler, F.R.; Van Tilburg, D. |
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Concurrent Conditional Discrimination Tests of Transitive Inference by Macaque Monkeys: List Linking |
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1996 |
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Journal of Experimental Psychology: Animal Behavior Processes |
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J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
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22 |
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1 |
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105-117 |
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Processing of serial information was assessed by training six macaques on a five-item list of objects arranged into the four conditional pairs, A-B+, B-C+, C-D+, and D-E+. An analogous list (F through J) was similarly trained. Subsequently, both lists were linked by training on E-F+, a pair that provided adjacent elements from each list. Then, all unique and trained object pairs from both lists were presented as a test. Results indicated that the objects were retained as a single, linearly organized list with choice accuracy directly related to interitem distance between paired objects. A second experiment explored the consequences of incidence of conflicting information on list organization. In both experiments, selections depended on representational processes and supported the view that monkeys and pigeons retain serial lists in qualitatively different ways. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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718 |
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Langbein, J.; Siebert, K.; Nuernberg, G. |
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Title |
Concurrent recall of serially learned visual discrimination problems in dwarf goats (Capra hircus) |
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Journal Article |
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2008 |
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Behav Proc |
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79 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Langbein2008 |
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6363 |
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König, H.E.; Wissdorf, H.; Probst, A.; Macher, R.; Voß, S.; Polsterer, E. |
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Considerations about the function of the mimic muscles and the vomeronasal organ of horses during the Flehmen reaction |
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2005 |
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Pferdeheilkunde |
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21 |
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4 |
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297-300 |
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Anatomy; Behaviour; Flehmen reaction; Horse; Vomeronasal organ |
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Additional to the olfactory epithelium, the equine vomeronasal organ serves to the perception of odorous substances and specially for pheromones. In a middle-size horse this organ has an extension in length from an imaginary transverse plane about 10 cm caudally the nostrils to a transverse plane through the middle of the second premolar tooth. During the Flehmen reaction the levator labii superior, nasolabial, caninus and lateralis nasi muscles contract. The upper lip and the tip of the nose are lifted. The opening of the nostrils is narrowed, caused by the convergence of the plate and horn of the alar cartilage. In this manner in case of Flehmen reaction air is directly conducted towards the opening of the vomeronasal organ into the nasal cavity during inspiration. During the “Flehmen” horses assume a characteristic posture. |
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Department für Pathobiologie (Institut für Anatomie), Veterinärmedizinische Universität Wien, Veterinärplatz 1, A-1210 Wien, Austria |
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Export Date: 21 October 2008; Source: Scopus |
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yes |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4554 |
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Stanley, C.R.; Dunbar, R.I.M. |
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Consistent social structure and optimal clique size revealed by social network analysis of feral goats, Capra hircus |
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2013 |
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Anim Behav |
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85 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Stanley2013 |
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6253 |
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van de Waal, E.; Bshary, R. |
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Contact with human facilities appears to enhance technical skills in wild vervet monkeys (Chlorocebus aethiops) |
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2010 |
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Folia Primatol |
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81 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ van de Waal2010 |
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6265 |
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Van Horik, J.; Clayton, N.; Emery, N. |
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Convergent evolution of cognition in Corvids, Apes and other animals |
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2012 |
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Oxford Handbook of Comparative Evolutionary Psychology |
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Oxford University Press |
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New York |
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Vonk, J.; Shackelford, T. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Van Horik2012 |
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6284 |
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Author |
Smolla, M.; Alem, S.; Chittka, L.; Shultz, S. |
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Title |
Copy-when-uncertain: bumblebees rely on social information when rewards are highly variable |
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2016 |
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Biology letters |
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Biol. Lett. |
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12 |
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6 |
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To understand the relative benefits of social and personal information use in foraging decisions, we developed an agent-based model of social learning that predicts social information should be more adaptive where resources are highly variable and personal information where resources vary little. We tested our predictions with bumblebees and found that foragers relied more on social information when resources were variable than when they were not. We then investigated whether socially salient cues are used preferentially over non-social ones in variable environments. Although bees clearly used social cues in highly variable environments, under the same conditions they did not use non-social cues. These results suggest that bumblebees use a 'copy-when-uncertain' strategy. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6198 |
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