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| Author |
Lansade, L.; Colson, V.; Parias, C.; Trösch, M.; Reigner, F.; Calandreau, L. |
| Title |
Female horses spontaneously identify a photograph of their keeper, last seen six months previously |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2020 |
Publication  |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
10 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
6302 |
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| Abstract |
Horses are capable of identifying individual conspecifics based on olfactory, auditory or visual cues. However, this raises the questions of their ability to recognize human beings and on the basis of what cues. This study investigated whether horses could differentiate between a familiar and unfamiliar human from photographs of faces. Eleven horses were trained on a discrimination task using a computer-controlled screen, on which two photographs were presented simultaneously (32 trials/session): touching one was rewarded (S+) and the other not (S-). In the training phase, the S+ faces were of four unfamiliar people which gradually became familiar over the trials. The S- faces were novel for each trial. After the training phase, the faces of the horses' keepers were presented opposite novel faces to test whether the horses could identify the former spontaneously. A reward was given whichever face was touched to avoid any possible learning effect. Horses touched the faces of keepers significantly more than chance, whether it was their current keeper or one they had not seen for six months (t = 3.65; p < 0.004 and t = 6.24; p < 0.0001). Overall, these results show that horses have advanced human face-recognition abilities and a long-term memory of those human faces. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Lansade2020 |
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6623 |
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Camerlink, I.; Menneson, S.; Turner, S.P.; Farish, M.; Arnott, G. |
| Title |
Lateralization influences contest behaviour in domestic pigs |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Scientific Reports |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
8 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
12116 |
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Cerebral lateralization, i.e. hemispheric asymmetries in structure and function, relates in many species to a preference to attack from their left. Lateralization increases cognitive capacity, enabling the simultaneous processing of multiple sources of information. Therefore, lateralization may constitute a component of fighting ability (Resource Holding Potential), and/or influence the efficiency of information-gathering during a contest. We hypothesized that lateralization will affect contest outcome and duration, with an advantage for more strongly lateralized individuals. In 52 dyadic contests between weight-matched pigs (Sus scrofa; n = 104; 10 wk age), the direction of orientation towards the opponent was scan sampled every 10 s. Laterality indexes (LI) were calculated for the direction and strength of lateralization. Up to 12.5% of the individuals showed significant lateralization towards either the right or left but lateralization was absent at the population level. In line with our hypothesis, animals showing strong lateralization (irrespective of direction) had a shorter contest duration than animals showing weak lateralization. Winners did not differ from losers in their strength or direction of lateralization. Overall the results suggest that cerebral lateralization may aid in conflict resolution, but does not directly contribute to fighting ability, and will be of value in the study of animal contests. |
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2045-2322 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Camerlink2018 |
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6700 |
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Gaunitz, C.; Fages, A.; Hanghøj, K.; Albrechtsen, A.; Khan, N.; Schubert, M.; Seguin-Orlando, A.; Owens, I.J.; Felkel, S.; Bignon-Lau, O.; de Barros Damgaard, P.; Mittnik, A.; Mohaseb, A.F.; Davoudi, H.; Alquraishi, S.; Alfarhan, A.H.; Al-Rasheid, K.A.S.; Crubézy, E.; Benecke, N.; Olsen, S.; Brown, D.; Anthony, D.; Massy, K.; Pitulko, V.; Kasparov, A.; Brem, G.; Hofreiter, M.; Mukhtarova, G.; Baimukhanov, N.; Lõugas, L.; Onar, V.; Stockhammer, P.W.; Krause, J.; Boldgiv, B.; Undrakhbold, S.; Erdenebaatar, D.; Lepetz, S.; Mashkour, M.; Ludwig, A.; Wallner, B.; Merz, V.; Merz, I.; Zaibert, V.; Willerslev, E.; Librado, P.; Outram, A.K.; Orlando, L. |
| Title |
Ancient genomes revisit the ancestry of domestic and Przewalski's horses |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
2018 |
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Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
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| Volume |
360 |
Issue |
6384 |
Pages |
111-114 |
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The Eneolithic Botai culture of the Central Asian steppes provides the earliest archaeological evidence for horse husbandry, ~5,500 ya, but the exact nature of early horse domestication remains controversial. We generated 42 ancient horse genomes, including 20 from Botai. Compared to 46 published ancient and modern horse genomes, our data indicate that Przewalski's horses are the feral descendants of horses herded at Botai and not truly wild horses. All domestic horses dated from ~4,000 ya to present only show ~2.7% of Botai-related ancestry. This indicates that a massive genomic turnover underpins the expansion of the horse stock that gave rise to modern domesticates, which coincides with large-scale human population expansions during the Early Bronze Age. |
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Admin @ knut @ |
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6212 |
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John, E.R.; Chesler, P.; Bartlett, F.; Victor, I. |
| Title |
Observation Learning in Cats |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1968 |
Publication |
Science |
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Science |
| Volume |
159 |
Issue |
3822 |
Pages |
1489-1491 |
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In two experiments cats acquired a stimulus-controlled approach or avoidance response by observational or conventional shaping procedures. Observer cats acquired the avoidance response (hurdle jumping in response to a buzzer stimulus) significantly faster and made fewer errors than cats that were conventionally trained. Observer cats acquired the approach response (lever pressing for food in response to a light stimulus) with significantly fewer errors than cats that were conventionally trained. In some cases, observer cats committed one or no errors while reaching criterion. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6422 |
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Ripple, W.J.; Estes, J.A.; Beschta, R.L.; Wilmers, C.C.; Ritchie, E.G.; Hebblewhite, M. |
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Status and ecological effects of the world's largest carnivores |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Science |
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343 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Ripple2014 |
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6445 |
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Chapron, G.; Kaczensky, P.; Linnell, J.D.C.; Arx, M.; Huber, D.; Andrén, H. |
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Recovery of large carnivores in Europe's modern human-dominated landscapes |
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Journal Article |
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2014 |
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Science |
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346 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Chapron2014 |
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6451 |
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Zajonc, R.B. |
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Social Facilitation |
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Journal Article |
| Year |
1965 |
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Science |
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Science |
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149 |
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3681 |
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269-274 |
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300 Multiple ChoicesThis is a pdf-only article and there is no markup to show you.full-text.pdf |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6565 |
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Outram, A.K.; Stear, N.A.; Bendrey, R.; Olsen, S.; Kasparov, A.; Zaibert, V.; Thorpe, N.; Evershed, R.P. |
| Title |
The Earliest Horse Harnessing and Milking |
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Journal Article |
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2009 |
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Science |
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323 |
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5919 |
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1332-1335 |
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Horse domestication revolutionized transport, communications, and warfare in prehistory, yet the identification of early domestication processes has been problematic. Here, we present three independent lines of evidence demonstrating domestication in the Eneolithic Botai Culture of Kazakhstan, dating to about 3500 B.C.E. Metrical analysis of horse metacarpals shows that Botai horses resemble Bronze Age domestic horses rather than Paleolithic wild horses from the same region. Pathological characteristics indicate that some Botai horses were bridled, perhaps ridden. Organic residue analysis, using δ13C and δD values of fatty acids, reveals processing of mare's milk and carcass products in ceramics, indicating a developed domestic economy encompassing secondary products. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6620 |
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Parisi, D.R.; Soria, S.A.; Josens, R. |
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Faster-is-slower effect in escaping ants revisited: Ants do not behave like humans |
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Journal Article |
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2015 |
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Safety Science |
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72 |
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274-282 |
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Emergency; Evacuation; Egress; Ant egress; Crowd egress; Faster is slower; Pedestrian evacuation; Pedestrian dynamics |
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In this work we studied the trajectories, velocities and densities of ants when egressing under controlled levels of stress produced by a chemical repellent at different concentrations. We found that, unlike other animals escaping under life-and-death conditions and pedestrian simulations, ants do not produce a higher density zone near the exit door. Instead, ants are uniformly distributed over the available space allowing for efficient evacuations. Consequently, the faster-is-slower effect observed in ants (Soria et al., 2012) is clearly of a different nature to that predicted by de social force model. In the case of ants, the minimum evacuation time is correlated with the lower probability of taking backward steps. Thus, as biological model ants have important differences that make their use inadvisable for the design of human facilities. |
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0925-7535 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6161 |
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Knolle, F.; Goncalves, R.P.; Morton, A.J. |
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Sheep recognize familiar and unfamiliar human faces from two-dimensional images |
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Journal Article |
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2017 |
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Royal Society Open Science |
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4 |
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11 |
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One of the most important human social skills is the ability to recognize faces. Humans recognize familiar faces easily, and can learn to identify unfamiliar faces from repeatedly presented images. Sheep are social animals that can recognize other sheep as well as familiar humans. Little is known, however, about their holistic face-processing abilities. In this study, we trained eight sheep (Ovis aries) to recognize the faces of four celebrities from photographic portraits displayed on computer screens. After training, the sheep chose the 'learned-familiar' faces rather than the unfamiliar faces significantly above chance. We then tested whether the sheep could recognize the four celebrity faces if they were presented in different perspectives. This ability has previously been shown only in humans. Sheep successfully recognized the four celebrity faces from tilted images. Interestingly, there was a drop in performance with the tilted images (from 79.22 ± 7.5% to 66.5 ± 4.1%) of a magnitude similar to that seen when humans perform this task. Finally, we asked whether sheep could recognize a very familiar handler from photographs. Sheep identified the handler in 71.8 ± 2.3% of the trials without pretraining. Together these data show that sheep have advanced face-recognition abilities, comparable with those of humans and non-human primates. |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6197 |
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