Records |
Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Russell, A.F.; Sharpe, L.L.; Brotherton, P.N.; McIlrath, G.M.; White, S.; Cameron, E.Z. |
Title |
Effects of helpers on juvenile development and survival in meerkats |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2001 |
Publication |
Science (New York, N.Y.) |
Abbreviated Journal |
Science |
Volume |
293 |
Issue |
5539 |
Pages |
2446-2449 |
Keywords |
Animals; Breeding; Carnivora/growth & development/*physiology; *Cooperative Behavior; Feeding Behavior; Female; Male; Survival Rate; *Weight Gain |
Abstract |
Although breeding success is known to increase with group size in several cooperative mammals, the mechanisms underlying these relationships are uncertain. We show that in wild groups of cooperative meerkats, Suricata suricatta, reductions in the ratio of helpers to pups depress the daily weight gain and growth of pups and the daily weight gain of helpers. Increases in the daily weight gain of pups are associated with heavier weights at independence and at 1 year of age, as well as with improved foraging success as juveniles and higher survival rates through the first year of life. These results suggest that the effects of helpers on the fitness of pups extend beyond weaning and that helpers may gain direct as well as indirect benefits by feeding pups. |
Address |
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge CB2 3EJ, UK. thcb@hermes.cam.ac.uk |
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0036-8075 |
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PMID:11577235 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
414 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Guinness, F.E.; Albon, S.D. |
Title |
Red Deer: The Behavior and Ecology of Two Sexes |
Type |
Miscellaneous |
Year |
1982 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4886 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Greenwood, P.J.; Powell, R.P. |
Title |
Ranks and relationships in Highland ponies and Highland Cows |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1976 |
Publication |
Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie |
Abbreviated Journal |
Z. Tierpsychol. |
Volume |
41 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
202-216 |
Keywords |
Agonistic Behavior; Animals; *Cattle; Female; Grooming; *Horses; Male; *Social Dominance; Spatial Behavior |
Abstract |
Recent studies of primates have questioned the importance of dominance hierarchies in groups living under natural conditions. In a herd of Highland ponies and one of Highland cattle grazing under free-range conditions on the Isle of Rhum (Inner Hebrides) well defined hierarchies were present. The provision of food produced a marked increase in the frequency of agonistic interactions but had no effect on the rank systems of the two herds. While rank was clearly important in affecting the distribution of agonistic interactions, it was poorly related to behaviour in non-agonistic situations. |
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ISSN |
0044-3573 |
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PMID:961125 |
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no |
Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
661 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Parker, G.A. |
Title |
Sexual coercion in animal societies |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1995 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
Volume |
49 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
1345-1365 |
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Abstract |
In a wide range of animal species, males coerce females to mate with them, either by physically forcing them to mate, by harassing them until they mate or by punishing persistent refusal to mate. The first section of this paper argues that the possibility of forced copulation can generate arms races between males and females that may have substantial costs to both sexes. In the second section, it is suggested that sexual harassment commonly represents a `war of attrition' between the sexes; existing game theory models that may apply to sexual conflict over mating decisions are reviewed. The third section develops a simple prospective model for the evolution of intimidation by punishment in situations where males can raise the probability that females will accept their advances in future by punishing them for refusal to mate. Where the benefits of sexual coercion to males are high, all three male strategies may develop to a point where they have substantial costs to females. In the final section, evidence that female behaviour is adapted to minimizing these costs is reviewed. |
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no |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
757 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Albon, S.D.; Gibson, R.M.; Guinness, F.E. |
Title |
The logical stag: Adaptive aspects of fighting in red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1979 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour. |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anim. Behav. |
Volume |
27 |
Issue |
Part 1 |
Pages |
211-225 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
For red deer stags, fighting both has appreciable costs and yields considerable benefits. Up to 6% of rutting stags are permanently injured each year, while fighting success and reproductive success are closely related, within age groups as well as across them. Fighting behaviour is sensitive to changes in the potential benefits of fighting: stags fight most frequently and most intensely where potential benefits are high and tend to avoid fighting with individuals they are unlikely to beat. The relevance of these findings to theoretical models of fighting behaviour is discussed. |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
860 |
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Author |
McComb, K.; Clutton-Brock, T. |
Title |
Is mate choice copying or aggregation responsible for skewed distributions of females on leks? |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Proceedings. Biological sciences / The Royal Society |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proc Biol Sci |
Volume |
255 |
Issue |
1342 |
Pages |
13-19 |
Keywords |
Animals; Deer/*physiology; Estrus/physiology; Female; Male; Phenotype; Sexual Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Territoriality |
Abstract |
In several lek-breeding populations of birds and mammals, females arriving on leks tend to join males that already have females in their territories. This might occur either because females have an evolved preference for mating with males that are attractive to other females, or because they join groups of other females to obtain greater safety from predation or dangerous harassment by males. We have previously used controlled experiments to show that oestrous fallow deer females join males with established harems because they are attracted to female groups rather than to the males themselves. Here we demonstrate that the preference for males with females over males without females is specific to oestrous females and weak or absent in anoestrous ones, and that it is not associated with a preference for mating with males that have previously been seen to mate with other females. Furthermore, oestrous females given the choice between males that do not already have females with them show no significant preference for antlered over deantlered males or for older males over younger ones. We conclude that female attraction to other females on the lek is likely to be an adaptation to avoiding harassment in mixed-sex herds. In this situation, a male's ability to maintain the cohesion of his harem may be the principal cause of variation in mating success between males. |
Address |
Department of Zoology, University of Cambridge, U.K |
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English |
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0962-8452 |
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PMID:8153135 |
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no |
Call Number |
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Serial |
1823 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H. |
Title |
Primate social organisation and ecology |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1974 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
250 |
Issue |
5467 |
Pages |
539-542 |
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Abstract |
Attempts to relate interspecific differences in social organisation among primates to gross differences in habitat or diet type have been largely unsuccessful. This is probably partly because distantly related species have adapted to similar ecological situations in different ways and partly because much finer ecological differences are important. |
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10.1038/250539a0 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4730 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Parker, G.A. |
Title |
Punishment in animal societies |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1995 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
373 |
Issue |
6511 |
Pages |
209-216 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
Although positive reciprocity (reciprocal altruism) has been a focus of interest in evolutionary biology, negative reciprocity (retaliatory infliction of fitness reduction) has been largely ignored. In social animals, retaliatory aggression is common, individuals often punish other group members that infringe their interests, and punishment can cause subordinates to desist from behaviour likely to reduce the fitness of dominant animals. Punishing strategies are used to establish and maintain dominance relationships, to discourage parasites and cheats, to discipline offspring or prospective sexual partners and to maintain cooperative behaviour. |
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10.1038/373209a0 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4838 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Green, D.; Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M.; Albon, S.D. |
Title |
Passing the buck: resource defence, lek breeding and mate choice in fallow deer |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
1988 |
Publication |
Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. |
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23 |
Issue |
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Pages |
281-296 |
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Abstract |
lsquoLekrsquo breeding systems, where males defend small, clustered mating territories, are thought to occur where the distribution of females is heavily clumped but males are unable to defend resources used by females. In this paper, we describe a breeding system in fallow deer where males are able to defend resources used by females but the most successful bucks instead defend small territories on a traditional mating ground; where the lek is sited in an area not heavily used by females at other times of year and is visited primarily by females in or close to oestrus; and where mating success on the lek is related to territory position and to male phenotype but not to the resources available on different lek territories. Comparisons with other ungulates suggest that lek breeding species fall into two groups: those where leks are regularly visited by herds of females many of which are not in oestrus and those, like fallow deer, where leks are visited primarily by oestrous females. In the latter species, it is unlikely that females visit the lek for ecological reasons. |
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10.1007/Bf00300575 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
4882 |
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Author |
Clutton-Brock, T. |
Title |
Cooperation between non-kin in animal societies |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2009 |
Publication |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Nature |
Volume |
462 |
Issue |
7269 |
Pages |
51-57 |
Keywords |
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Abstract |
Explanations of cooperation between non-kin in animal societies often suggest that individuals exchange resources or services and that cooperation is maintained by reciprocity. But do cooperative interactions between unrelated individuals in non-human animals really resemble exchanges or are they a consequence of simpler mechanisms? Firm evidence of reciprocity in animal societies is rare and many examples of cooperation between non-kin probably represent cases of intra-specific mutualism or manipulation. |
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Macmillan Publishers Limited. All rights reserved |
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0028-0836 |
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10.1038/nature08366 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5270 |
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