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	Author	Meriggi, A.; Dagradi, V.; Dondina, O.; Perversi, M.; Milanesi, P.; Lombardini, M.; Raviglione, S.; Repossi, A.
	Title	Short-term responses of wolf feeding habits to changes of wild and domestic ungulate abundance in Northern Italy			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2014	Publication	Ethology Ecology & Evolution	Abbreviated Journal	Ethology Ecology & Evolution
	Volume	27	Issue	4	Pages	389-411
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Taylor & Francis	Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0394-9370	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	doi: 10.1080/03949370.2014.986768			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	6688
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	Author	Brinkmann, L.; Gerken, M.; Hambly, C.; Speakman, J.R.; Riek, A.
	Title	Saving energy during hard times: Energetic adaptations of Shetland pony mares			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2014	Publication	The Journal of Experimental Biology	Abbreviated Journal	J. Exp. Biol.
	Volume	217	Issue		Pages	4320-4327
	Keywords
	Abstract	Recent results suggest that wild Northern herbivores reduce their metabolism during times of low ambient temperatures and food shortage in order to reduce their energetic needs. It is however not known if domesticated animals are also able to reduce their energy expenditure. We exposed ten Shetland pony mares to different environmental conditions (summer and winter) and to two food quantities (60 and 100% of maintenance energy requirement, respectively) during low winter temperatures to examine energetic and behavioural responses. In summer ponies showed a considerably higher field metabolic rate (FMR) (63.4±15.0 MJ d-1) compared to restrictively fed and control animals in winter (24.6±7.8 MJ d-1 and 15.0±1.1 MJ d-1, respectively). During summer conditions locomotor activity, resting heart rates and total water turnover were considerably elevated (P<0.001) compared to winter. Restrictively fed animals (N=5) compensated for the decreased energy supply by reducing their FMR by 26% compared to control animals (N=5). Furthermore, resting heart rate, body mass and body condition score were lower (29.2±2.7 beats min-1; 140±22 kg; 3.0±1.0 points) than in control animals (36.8±41 beats min-1; 165 ±31 kg; 4.4±0.7 points; P<0.05). While the observed behaviour did not change, nocturnal hypothermia was elevated. We conclude that ponies acclimatize to different climatic conditions by changing their metabolic rate, behaviour and some physiological parameters. When exposed to energy challenges, ponies, like wild herbivores, exhibited hypometabolism and nocturnal hypothermia.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes	10.1242/jeb.111815			Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5836
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	Author	Nuñez, C.M.V.; Adelman, J.S.; Smith, J.; Gesquiere, L.R.; Rubenstein, D.I.
	Title	Linking social environment and stress physiology in feral mares (Equus caballus): Group transfers elevate fecal cortisol levels			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2014	Publication	General and Comparative Endocrinology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	196	Issue		Pages	26-33
	Keywords	Equus caballus; Fecal cortisol; Feral mare; Group transfer; Stress; Social instability
	Abstract	Abstract Feral horses (Equus caballus) have a complex social structure, the stability of which is important to their overall health. Behavioral and demographic research has shown that decreases in group (or band) stability reduce female fitness, but the potential effects on the physiological stress response have not been demonstrated. To fully understand how band stability affects group-member fitness, we need to understand not only behavioral and demographic, but also physiological consequences of decreases to that stability. We studied group changes in feral mares (an activity that induces instability, including both male and female aggression) on Shackleford Banks, NC. We found that mares in the midst of changing groups exhibit increased fecal cortisol levels. In addition, mares making more group transfers show higher levels of cortisol two weeks post-behavior. These results offer insights into how social instability is integrated into an animal’s physiological phenotype. In addition, our results have important implications for feral horse management. On Shackleford Banks, mares contracepted with porcine zona pellucida (PZP) make approximately 10 times as many group changes as do untreated mares. Such animals may therefore be at higher risk of chronic stress. These results support the growing consensus that links between behavior and physiological stress must be taken into account when managing for healthy, functional populations.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0016-6480	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5743
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	Author	Krueger, K.; Koenig von Borstel, U.
	Title	Grundlagen der Sinneswahrnehmung von Pferden			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2014	Publication	Pferde verstehen – Umgang und Bodenarbeit	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	38 - 54
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	FN Verlag der deutschen Reiterlichen Vereinigung GmbH	Place of Publication	Warendorf	Editor	Deutsche Reiterliche Vereinigung e.V.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-3-88542-793-3	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5942
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	Author	Krueger, K.; Koenig von Borstel, U.
	Title	Wie Pferde lernen			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2014	Publication	Pferde verstehen – Umgang und Bodenarbeit	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	56-82
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	FN Verlag der deutschen Reiterlichen Vereinigung GmbH	Place of Publication	Warendorf	Editor	Deutsche Reiterliche Vereinigung e.V.
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-3-88542-793-3	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5943
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	Author	Krueger, K.
	Title	“Pferdehaltung und Ethologie der Pferde” im Bachelorstudiengang Pferdewirtschaft			Type	Book Chapter
	Year	2014	Publication	Forschendes Lernen initiieren, umsetzen und reflektieren	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages	54-81
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	UniversitätsVerlag Webler	Place of Publication	Bielefeld	Editor	: S. Lepp und C. Niederdrenk-Felgner
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	10: 3-937026-91-6	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5944
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	Author	Krueger, K.
	Title	Die Bedeutung der Schiefe, Händigkeit und sensorische Lateralität der Pferde			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2014	Publication	Pferdetage Baden-Württemberg 2014	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Matthaes Medien	Place of Publication	Stuttgart	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-3-938053-11-9	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5952
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	Author	Wolter, R.; Pantel, N.; Möstl, E.; Küger, K.
	Title	Das Verhalten von Przewalski Pferden in Semi-Reservaten			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2014	Publication	Pferdetage Baden-Württemberg 2014	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Matthaes Medien	Place of Publication	Stuttgart	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-3-938053-11-9	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5953
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	Author	Lerbs, S.; Raue, T.; Krüger, K.
	Title	Gibt es einen Zusammenhang zwischen natürlicher Schiefe und motorischer und sensorischer Einseitigkeit der Fohlen (Equus caballus)?			Type	Conference Article
	Year	2014	Publication	Pferdetage Baden-Württemberg 2014	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume		Issue		Pages
	Keywords
	Abstract
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher	Matthaes Medien	Place of Publication	Stuttgart	Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN		ISBN	978-3-938053-11-9	Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5954
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	Author	Wathan, J.; McComb, K.
	Title	The eyes and ears are visual indicators of attention in domestic horses			Type	Journal Article
	Year	2014	Publication	Current Biology	Abbreviated Journal
	Volume	24	Issue	15	Pages	R677-R679
	Keywords
	Abstract	Summary Sensitivity to the attentional states of others has adaptive advantages [1], and in social animals, attending to others is important for predator detection, as well as a pre-requisite for normal social functioning and more complex socio-cognitive abilities [2]. Despite widespread interest in how social species perceive attention in others, studies of non-human animals have been inconclusive about the detailed cues involved [3]. Previous work has focused on head and eye direction, overlooking the fact that many mammals have obvious and mobile ears that could act as a visual cue to attention. Here we report that horses use the head orientation of a conspecific to locate food, but that this ability is disrupted when parts of the face (the eyes and ears) are covered up with naturalistic masks. The ability to correctly judge attention also interacted with the identity of the model horse, suggesting that individual differences in facial features may influence the salience of cues. Our results indicate that a combination of head orientation with facial expression, specifically involving both the eyes and ears, is necessary for communicating social attention. These findings emphasise that in order to understand how attention is communicated in non-human animals, it is essential to consider a broad range of cues.
	Address
	Corporate Author				Thesis
	Publisher		Place of Publication		Editor
	Language		Summary Language		Original Title
	Series Editor		Series Title		Abbreviated Series Title
	Series Volume		Series Issue		Edition
	ISSN	0960-9822	ISBN		Medium
	Area		Expedition		Conference
	Notes				Approved	no
	Call Number	Equine Behaviour @ team @			Serial	5929
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