Records |
Author |
Burla, J.-B.; Siegwart, J.; Nawroth, C. |
Title |
Human Demonstration Does Not Facilitate the Performance of Horses (Equus caballus) in a Spatial Problem-Solving Task |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2018 |
Publication |
Animal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Animal |
Volume |
8 |
Issue |
6 |
Pages |
96 |
Keywords |
detour task; equids; social cognition; social learning; spatial cognition |
Abstract |
Horses’ ability to adapt to new environments and to acquire new information plays an important role in handling and training. Social learning in particular would be very adaptive for horses as it enables them to flexibly adjust to new environments. In the context of horse handling, social learning from humans has been rarely investigated but could help to facilitate management practices. We assessed the impact of human demonstration on the spatial problem-solving abilities of horses during a detour task. In this task, a bucket with a food reward was placed behind a double-detour barrier and 16 horses were allocated to two test groups of 8 horses each. One group received a human demonstration of how to solve the spatial task while the other group received no demonstration. We found that horses did not solve the detour task more often or faster with human demonstration. However, both test groups improved rapidly over trials. Our results suggest that horses prefer to use individual rather than social information when solving a spatial problem-solving task |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6392 |
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Author |
Baragli, P.; Vitale, V.; Paoletti, E.; Sighieri, C.; Reddon, A.R. |
Title |
Detour behaviour in horses (Equus caballus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Journal of Ethology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Ethol. |
Volume |
29 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
227-234 |
Keywords |
Detour behaviour; Equus caballus; Horses; Lateralization; Spatial reasoning |
Abstract |
The objective of this study was to investigate the ability of horses (Equus caballus) to detour around symmetric and asymmetric obstacles. Ten female Italian saddle horses were each used in three detour tasks. In the first task, the ability to detour around a symmetrical obstacle was evaluated; in the second and third tasks subjects were required to perform a detour around an asymmetrical obstacle with two different degrees of asymmetry. The direction chosen to move around the obstacle and time required to make the detour were recorded. The results suggest that horses have the spatial abilities required to perform detour tasks with both symmetric and asymmetric obstacles. The strategy used to perform the task varied between subjects. For five horses, lateralized behaviour was observed when detouring the obstacle; this was consistently in one direction (three on the left and two on the right). For these horses, no evidence of spatial learning or reasoning was found. The other five horses did not solve this task in a lateralized manner, and a trend towards decreasing lateralization was observed as asymmetry, and hence task difficulty, increased. These non-lateralized horses may have higher spatial reasoning abilities. |
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Springer Japan |
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English |
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0289-0771 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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5686 |
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Author |
Bücheler, T.; Sieg, J.H. |
Title |
Understanding Science 2.0: Crowdsourcing and Open Innovation in the Scientific Method |
Type |
Journal Article |
Year |
2011 |
Publication |
Procedia Computer Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Proceedings of the 2nd European Future Technologies Conference and Exhibition 2011 (FET 11) |
Volume |
7 |
Issue |
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Pages |
327-329 |
Keywords |
Crowdsourcing; Open Innovation; Simulation; Agent-Based Modeling; Science 2.0; Citizen Science |
Abstract |
The innovation process is currently undergoing significant change in many industries. The World Wide Web has created a virtual world of collective intelligence and helped large groups of people connect and collaborate in the innovation process [1]. Von Hippel [2], for instance, states that a large number of users of a given technology will come up with innovative ideas. This process, originating in business, is now also being observed in science. Discussions around “Citizen Science” [3] and “Science 2.0” [4] suggest the same effects are relevant for fundamental research practices. “Crowdsourcing” [5] and “Open Innovation” [6] as well as other names for those paradigms, like Peer Production, Wikinomics, Swarm Intelligence etc., have become buzzwords in recent years. However, serious academic research efforts have also been started in many disciplines. In essence, these buzzwords all describe a form of collective intelligence that is enabled by new technologies, particularly internet connectivity. The focus of most current research on this topic is in the for-profit domain, i.e. organizations willing (and able) to pay large sums to source innovation externally, for instance through innovation contests. Our research is testing the applicability of Crowdsourcing and some techniques from Open Innovation to the scientific method and basic science in a non-profit environment (e.g., a traditional research university). If the tools are found to be useful, this may significantly change how some research tasks are conducted: While large, apriori unknown crowds of “irrational agents” (i.e. humans) are used to support scientists (and teams thereof) in several research tasks through the internet, the usefulness and robustness of these interactions as well as scientifically important factors like quality and validity of research results are tested in a systematic manner. The research is highly interdisciplinary and is done in collaboration with scientists from sociology, psychology, management science, economics, computer science, and artificial intelligence. After a pre-study, extensive data collection has been conducted and the data is currently being analyzed. The paper presents ideas and hypotheses and opens the discussion for further input. |
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1877-0509 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
6434 |
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Author |
Krueger, K.; Trager, L.; Farmer, K.; Byrne, R. |
Title |
Tool Use in Horses |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2022 |
Publication |
Animals |
Abbreviated Journal |
Animals |
Volume |
12 |
Issue |
15 |
Pages |
1876 |
Keywords |
crowdsourcing; horse; innovation; mule; management; tool use |
Abstract |
Tool use has not yet been confirmed in horses, mules or donkeys. As this subject is difficult to research with conventional methods, we used a crowdsourcing approach to gather data. We contacted equid owners and carers and asked them to report and video examples of �unusual� behaviour via a dedicated website. We also searched YouTube and Facebook for videos of equids showing tool use. From 635 reports, including 1014 behaviours, we found 20 cases of tool use, 13 of which were unambiguous in that it was clear that the behaviour was not trained, caused by reduced welfare, incidental or accidental. We then assessed (a) the effect of management conditions on tool use and (b) whether the animals used tools alone, or socially, involving other equids or humans. We found that management restrictions were associated with corresponding tool use in 12 of the 13 cases (p = 0.01), e.g., equids using sticks to scrape hay within reach when feed was restricted. Furthermore, 8 of the 13 cases involved other equids or humans, such as horses using brushes to groom others. The most frequent tool use was for foraging, with seven examples, tool use for social purposes was seen in four cases, and there was just one case of tool use for escape. There was just one case of tool use for comfort, and in this instance, there were no management restrictions. Equids therefore can develop tool use, especially when management conditions are restricted, but it is a rare occurrence. |
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Animals |
Series Volume |
12 |
Series Issue |
15 |
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2076-2615 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6695 |
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Author |
Sabou, M.; Bontcheva, K.; Scharl, A. |
Title |
Crowdsourcing Research Opportunities: Lessons from Natural Language Processing |
Type |
Conference Article |
Year |
2012 |
Publication |
Proceedings of the 12th International Conference on Knowledge Management and Knowledge Technologies |
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Pages |
1-18 |
Keywords |
crowdsourcing, games with a purpose, natural language processing, resource acquisition |
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Acm |
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New York, NY, USA |
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i-KNOW '12 |
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978-1-4503-1242-4 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ Sabou:2012:CRO:2362456.2362479 |
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6436 |
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Author |
Cerasoli, F.; Podaliri Vulpiani, M.; Saluti, G.; Conte, A.; Ricci, M.; Savini, G.; D'Alterio, N. |
Title |
Assessment of Welfare in Groups of Horses with Different Management, Environments and Activities by Measuring Cortisol in Horsehair, Using Liquid Chromatography Coupled to Hybrid Orbitrap High-Resolution Mass Spectrometry |
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2022 |
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Animals |
Abbreviated Journal |
Animals |
Volume |
12 |
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14 |
Pages |
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cortisol; animal welfare; horse; Lc-Hrms/Ms |
Abstract |
Horses have always been animals used for companionship, work, transportation, and performance purposes over the history of humanity; there are different ways of managing horses, but studies on how horse welfare is influenced by different activities and managements are scanty. Understanding how the management, the environment, and the different uses of horses can affect the level of stress and well-being is important not only for people associated with horses. Three groups of horses with different management, environments, and activities were selected: (1) stabled horses ridden frequently, (2) horses that perform public order service under the Italian state police, and (3) free-ranging horses. Cortisol analysis was carried out on horsehair samples using liquid chromatography coupled to hybrid orbitrap high-resolution mass spectrometry (LC-HRMS/MS), a laboratory technique used for the first time to quantify horsehair cortisol. The selection of horses to be included in the three groups was carried out by including only subjects with positive welfare assessment in accordance with the horse welfare assessment protocol (AWIN). These analyses demonstrated that the cortisol levels detected in the horsehair of free-ranging animals were significantly higher compared to those detected in stabled and working horses. These results may have been a consequence of complex environmental, managerial, and behavioral factors, which should be worth further investigation |
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Animals |
Series Volume |
12 |
Series Issue |
14 |
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2076-2615 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6674 |
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Author |
Schino, G.; Aureli, F. |
Title |
Reciprocity in group-living animals: partner control versus partner choice |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2016 |
Publication |
Biological Reviews |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol Rev |
Volume |
92 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
665-672 |
Keywords |
cooperation; reciprocity; partner control; partner choice; proximate mechanisms |
Abstract |
ABSTRACT Reciprocity is probably the most debated of the evolutionary explanations for cooperation. Part of the confusion surrounding this debate stems from a failure to note that two different processes can result in reciprocity: partner control and partner choice. We suggest that the common observation that group-living animals direct their cooperative behaviours preferentially to those individuals from which they receive most cooperation is to be interpreted as the result of the sum of the two separate processes of partner control and partner choice. We review evidence that partner choice is the prevalent process in primates and propose explanations for this pattern. We make predictions that highlight the need for studies that separate the effects of partner control and partner choice in a broader variety of group-living taxa. |
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Wiley/Blackwell (10.1111) |
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1464-7931 |
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doi: 10.1111/brv.12248 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6411 |
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Author |
Briard, L.; Deneubourg, J.-L.; Petit, O. |
Title |
How stallions influence the dynamic of collective movements in two groups of domestic horses, from departure to arrival |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2017 |
Publication |
Behavioural Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
Behav. Process. |
Volume |
142 |
Issue |
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Pages |
56-63 |
Keywords |
consensus; herding; polygyny; personal leadership; shared decision |
Abstract |
Abstract The role of leader in polygynous species has been solely attributed to the male for some time, but recent studies shown decision making to be distributed within the group. However, the specific reproductive strategy and behavioural repertoire of males in polygynous species such as horses may mean that these individuals still have the potential to play a specific role during decision-making. To investigate this subject, we thoroughly studied the behaviour of two domestic stallions during collective movements of their group. We found that they initiated rarely and sometimes failed to recruit the entire group. When departing as followers, they did not accelerate the joining process. Both stallions preferentially occupied the rear position and exhibited numerous monitoring behaviours. Herding behaviours were performed by only one stallion and mostly occurred outside movement context. Finally, we removed this herding stallion from its group to evaluate how the group dynamic changed. As a result, half of the collective movements were five times slower and mares were more dispersed in comparison when the stallion was in the group. Overall, our results suggest that, the two stallions maintained their role of group monitors from departure to arrival. Their influence on the movement dynamic was indirect and did not play a specific role in the process of decision making. |
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0376-6357 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6151 |
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Author |
McGreevy, P.D.; McLean, A.N. |
Title |
Punishment in horse-training and the concept of ethical equitation |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2009 |
Publication |
Journal of Veterinary Behavior |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Vet. Behav. |
Volume |
4 |
Issue |
5 |
Pages |
193-197 |
Keywords |
conditioning; welfare; ethical equitation; horse; punishment; training |
Abstract |
By definition, punishment makes a response less likely in the future. Because horses are largely trained by negative reinforcement, they are susceptible to inadvertent punishment. Delays in the release of pressure can make desirable responses less likely and thus punish them. This study examines the correct use of negative reinforcement and identifies a continuum between poorly timed negative reinforcement and punishment. It explores some of the problems of non-contingent punishment and the prospect of learned helplessness and experimental neurosis. It concludes by introducing the concept of ethical equitation. |
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1558-7878 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6599 |
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Author |
Nelson, X.J.; Fijn, N. |
Title |
The use of visual media as a tool for investigating animal behaviour |
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Journal Article |
Year |
2013 |
Publication |
Animal Behaviour |
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Volume |
85 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
525-536 |
Keywords |
citizen science; crowdsourcing; internet; online resource; opportunistic observation; 'people power'; playback study; preliminary testing; YouTube |
Abstract |
In this essay we outline how video-related technology can be used as a tool for studying animal behaviour. We review particular aspects of novel, innovative animal behaviour uploaded by the general public via video-based media on the internet (using YouTube as a specific example). The behaviour of animals, particularly the play behaviour focused on here, is viewed by huge audiences. In this essay we focused on three different kinds of media clips: (1) interspecies play between dogs and a range of other species; (2) object play in horses; and (3) animal responses to stimuli presented on iPads, iPods and iPhones. We argue that the use of video is a good means of capturing uncommon or previously unknown behaviour, providing evidence that these behaviours occur. Furthermore, some of the behaviours featured on YouTube provide valuable insights for future directions in animal behaviour research. If we also take this opportunity to convey our knowledge to a public that seems to be fundamentally interested in animal behaviour, this is a good means of bridging the gap between knowledge among an academic few and the general public. |
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0003-3472 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6432 |
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