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Author |
DUNCAN P et al, |
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Title |
On lactation and associated behaviour in natural herd of horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1984 |
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Anim Behav |
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Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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32 |
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255-263 |
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Abstract |
Developmental changes in time spent suckling and related mother-foal behaviour are described in an unmanaged herd of Camargue horses. Male foals spent about 40% more time suckling than females during the first 8 weeks. Body weight did not differ between the sexes but time-budgets did: males grazed less and were more active. If pregnant, the typical multiparous mare nursed her foals for 35–40 weeks, males and females alike, and weaned them 15 weeks before the next foaling. Primiparae lactated longer and weaned closer to the next foaling by 5 weeks. The mares played an active role in regulating the time spent suckling in early, and particularly in late lactation. |
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1033 |
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Author |
DUNCAN P et al, |
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Title |
Reduction of inbreeding in a natural herd of horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1984 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Anim Beh av |
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32 |
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520-527 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1034 |
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Author |
Duncan, P.; Foose, T. J.; Gordon, I. J.; Gakahu,C. G.; Lloyd, M. |
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Title |
Comparative nutrient extraction from forages by grazing bovids and equids: a test of the nutritional model of equid/bovid competition and coexistence |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1990 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
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Oecologia |
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84 |
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3 |
Pages |
411-418 |
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Ruminant – Hind-gut fermenter – Intake – Digestion – Competition |
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Ruminants are unevenly distributed across the range of body sizes observed in herbivorous mammals; among extant East African species they predominate, in numbers and species richness, in the medium body sizes (10-600 kg). The small and the large species are all hind-gut fermenters. Some medium-sized hind-gut fermenters, equid perissodactyls, coexist with the grazing ruminants, principally bovid artiodactyls, in grassland ecosystems. These patterns have been explained by two complementary models based on differences between the digestive physiology of ruminants and hind-gut fermenters. The Demment and Van Soest (1985) model accounts for the absence of ruminants among the small and large species, while the Bell/Janis/Foose model accounts both for the predominance of ruminants, and their co-existence with equids among the medium-sized species (Bell 1971; Janis 1976; Foose 1982). The latter model assumes that the rumen is competitively superior to the hind-gut system on medium quality forages, and that hind-gut fermenters persist because of their ability to eat more, and thus to extract more nutrients per day from high fibre, low quality forages. Data presented here demonstrate that compared to similarly sized grazing ruminants (bovids), hind-gut fermenters (equids) have higher rates of food intake which more than compensate for their lesser ability to digest plant material. As a consequence equids extract more nutrients per day than bovids not only from low quality foods, but from the whole range of forages eaten by animals of this size. Neither of the current nutritional models, nor refinements of them satisfactorily explain the preponderance of the bovids among medium-sized ungulates; alternative hypotheses are presented. |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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1035 |
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Author |
Duncan P, C.P. |
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Title |
An unusual choice of habitat helps Camargue horses to avoid blood-sucking horse-flies |
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Year |
1980 |
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Biol Behav |
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5 |
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55-60 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1036 |
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Author |
Ebedes H, |
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Title |
Notes on the immobilisation and biology of zebra in Etosha Game Parc |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1966 |
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J S Afr vet med Ass |
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37 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1037 |
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Author |
Ebhardt E, |
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Title |
Drei unterschiedliche Verhaltensweisen von Islandpferden in norddeutschen Freigehegen |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1957 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Säugetierk Mitt |
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5 |
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Pages |
113-117 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1039 |
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Author |
Ebhardt H, |
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Title |
Verhaltensweisen von Islandpferden in einem norddeutschen Freigelände |
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Year |
1954 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Säugetierk Mitt |
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2 |
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145-154 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1040 |
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Author |
Ebhardt H, |
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Title |
Ein Pferdeknochen-Mann schaut sich Zebra-Knochen an |
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1956 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1042 |
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Author |
Ebhardt H, |
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Title |
Linker Unterkiefer-Ast eines Zebra-Schädels aus dem Naturhistorischen Museum in Braunschweig 1893 |
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1958 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1043 |
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Author |
Ebhardt H, |
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Title |
Verhaltensweisen verschiedener Pferdeformen |
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Year |
1958 |
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Säugtierk Mitt |
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6 |
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1-9 |
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1044 |
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