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Author (up) Clegg, H.A.; Buckley, P.; Friend, M.A.; McGreevy, P.D.
Title The ethological and physiological characteristics of cribbing and weaving horses Type Journal Article
Year 2008 Publication Applied Animal Behaviour Science Abbreviated Journal Appl. Anim. Behav. Sci.
Volume 109 Issue 1 Pages 68-76
Keywords Horse; Stereotypy; Digestion; Gut transit; Stress
Abstract Data were gathered on the behavioural and physiological characteristics of five cribbers, six weavers and six non-stereotypic (control) mature Thoroughbred geldings for a period of 16 weeks. The horses were hired from their owners and stabled individually throughout the trial. Cribbers and weavers had been known to stereotype for at least 12 months prior to commencement of the study. Behavioural data were collected using video surveillance. Cribbers stereotyped most frequently (P < 0.001) in the period 2-8 h following delivery of concentrated food, reinforcing the suggestion that diet is implicated in cribbing behaviour. Weavers stereotyped most frequently (P < 0.001) during periods of high environmental activity such as during routine pre-feeding activities and in the hour prior to daily turnout, presumably when anticipation and stimulation were at their highest levels. Cribbers and weavers took longer than control horses to fully consume their ration, suggesting possible differences in motivation to feed, distress levels, satiety mechanisms or abdominal discomfort. Physiological data were collected throughout the trial and there were no differences in oro-caecal transit time, digestibility, plasma cortisol concentration or heart rate among the three behavioural groups.
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ISSN 0168-1591 ISBN Medium
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Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4768
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Author (up) Clement, T.S.; Feltus, J.R.; Kaiser, D.H.; Zentall, T.R.
Title “Work ethic” in pigeons: reward value is directly related to the effort or time required to obtain the reward Type Journal Article
Year 2000 Publication Psychonomic bulletin & review Abbreviated Journal Psychon Bull Rev
Volume 7 Issue 1 Pages 100-106
Keywords Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; Cognition/physiology; Columbidae; Discrimination Learning/physiology; Female; Male; Reinforcement (Psychology); *Reward; Time Factors
Abstract Stimuli associated with less effort or with shorter delays to reinforcement are generally preferred over those associated with greater effort or longer delays to reinforcement. However, the opposite appears to be true of stimuli that follow greater effort or longer delays. In training, a simple simultaneous discrimination followed a single peck to an initial stimulus (S+FR1 S-FR1) and a different simple simultaneous discrimination followed 20 pecks to the initial stimulus (S+FR20 S-FR20). On test trials, pigeons preferred S+FR20 over S+FR1 and S-FR20 over S-FR1. These data support the view that the state of the animal immediately prior to presentation of the discrimination affects the value of the reinforcement that follows it. This contrast effect is analogous to effects that when they occur in humans have been attributed to more complex cognitive and social factors.
Address University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 1069-9384 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:10780022 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 248
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Author (up) Clutton-Brock, T.H.
Title Primate social organisation and ecology Type Journal Article
Year 1974 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 250 Issue 5467 Pages 539-542
Keywords
Abstract Attempts to relate interspecific differences in social organisation among primates to gross differences in habitat or diet type have been largely unsuccessful. This is probably partly because distantly related species have adapted to similar ecological situations in different ways and partly because much finer ecological differences are important.
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Notes 10.1038/250539a0 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4730
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Author (up) Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Albon, S.D.; Gibson, R.M.; Guinness, F.E.
Title The logical stag: Adaptive aspects of fighting in red deer (Cervus elaphus L.) Type Journal Article
Year 1979 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 27 Issue Part 1 Pages 211-225
Keywords
Abstract For red deer stags, fighting both has appreciable costs and yields considerable benefits. Up to 6% of rutting stags are permanently injured each year, while fighting success and reproductive success are closely related, within age groups as well as across them. Fighting behaviour is sensitive to changes in the potential benefits of fighting: stags fight most frequently and most intensely where potential benefits are high and tend to avoid fighting with individuals they are unlikely to beat. The relevance of these findings to theoretical models of fighting behaviour is discussed.
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Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 860
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Author (up) Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Green, D.; Hiraiwa-Hasegawa, M.; Albon, S.D.
Title Passing the buck: resource defence, lek breeding and mate choice in fallow deer Type Journal Article
Year 1988 Publication Behav. Ecol. Sociobiol. Abbreviated Journal
Volume 23 Issue Pages 281-296
Keywords
Abstract lsquoLekrsquo breeding systems, where males defend small, clustered mating territories, are thought to occur where the distribution of females is heavily clumped but males are unable to defend resources used by females. In this paper, we describe a breeding system in fallow deer where males are able to defend resources used by females but the most successful bucks instead defend small territories on a traditional mating ground; where the lek is sited in an area not heavily used by females at other times of year and is visited primarily by females in or close to oestrus; and where mating success on the lek is related to territory position and to male phenotype but not to the resources available on different lek territories. Comparisons with other ungulates suggest that lek breeding species fall into two groups: those where leks are regularly visited by herds of females many of which are not in oestrus and those, like fallow deer, where leks are visited primarily by oestrous females. In the latter species, it is unlikely that females visit the lek for ecological reasons.
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Notes 10.1007/Bf00300575 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4882
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Author (up) Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Greenwood, P.J.; Powell, R.P.
Title Ranks and relationships in Highland ponies and Highland Cows Type Journal Article
Year 1976 Publication Zeitschrift für Tierpsychologie Abbreviated Journal Z. Tierpsychol.
Volume 41 Issue 2 Pages 202-216
Keywords Agonistic Behavior; Animals; *Cattle; Female; Grooming; *Horses; Male; *Social Dominance; Spatial Behavior
Abstract Recent studies of primates have questioned the importance of dominance hierarchies in groups living under natural conditions. In a herd of Highland ponies and one of Highland cattle grazing under free-range conditions on the Isle of Rhum (Inner Hebrides) well defined hierarchies were present. The provision of food produced a marked increase in the frequency of agonistic interactions but had no effect on the rank systems of the two herds. While rank was clearly important in affecting the distribution of agonistic interactions, it was poorly related to behaviour in non-agonistic situations.
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Language English Summary Language Original Title
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ISSN 0044-3573 ISBN Medium
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Notes PMID:961125 Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 661
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Author (up) Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Guinness, F.E.; Albon, S.D.
Title Red Deer: The Behavior and Ecology of Two Sexes Type Miscellaneous
Year 1982 Publication Abbreviated Journal
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Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4886
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Author (up) Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Harvey, P.H.
Title Primates, brains and ecology Type Journal Article
Year 1980 Publication Journal of Zoology Abbreviated Journal J. Zool. Lond.
Volume 190 Issue 3 Pages 309-323
Keywords
Abstract The paper examines systematic relationships among primates between brain size (relative to body size) and differences in ecology and social system. Marked differences in relative brain size exist between families. These are correlated with inter-family differences in body size and home range size. Variation in comparative brain size within families is related to diet (folivores have comparatively smaller brains than frugivores), home range size and possibly also to breeding system. The adaptive significance of these relationships is discussed.
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Publisher Blackwell Publishing Ltd Place of Publication Editor
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ISSN 1469-7998 ISBN Medium
Area Expedition Conference
Notes Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 5451
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Author (up) Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Parker, G.A.
Title Punishment in animal societies Type Journal Article
Year 1995 Publication Abbreviated Journal Nature
Volume 373 Issue 6511 Pages 209-216
Keywords
Abstract Although positive reciprocity (reciprocal altruism) has been a focus of interest in evolutionary biology, negative reciprocity (retaliatory infliction of fitness reduction) has been largely ignored. In social animals, retaliatory aggression is common, individuals often punish other group members that infringe their interests, and punishment can cause subordinates to desist from behaviour likely to reduce the fitness of dominant animals. Punishing strategies are used to establish and maintain dominance relationships, to discourage parasites and cheats, to discipline offspring or prospective sexual partners and to maintain cooperative behaviour.
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Notes 10.1038/373209a0 Approved no
Call Number Equine Behaviour @ team @ Serial 4838
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Author (up) Clutton-Brock, T.H.; Parker, G.A.
Title Sexual coercion in animal societies Type Journal Article
Year 1995 Publication Animal Behaviour. Abbreviated Journal Anim. Behav.
Volume 49 Issue 5 Pages 1345-1365
Keywords
Abstract In a wide range of animal species, males coerce females to mate with them, either by physically forcing them to mate, by harassing them until they mate or by punishing persistent refusal to mate. The first section of this paper argues that the possibility of forced copulation can generate arms races between males and females that may have substantial costs to both sexes. In the second section, it is suggested that sexual harassment commonly represents a `war of attrition' between the sexes; existing game theory models that may apply to sexual conflict over mating decisions are reviewed. The third section develops a simple prospective model for the evolution of intimidation by punishment in situations where males can raise the probability that females will accept their advances in future by punishing them for refusal to mate. Where the benefits of sexual coercion to males are high, all three male strategies may develop to a point where they have substantial costs to females. In the final section, evidence that female behaviour is adapted to minimizing these costs is reviewed.
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Notes Approved no
Call Number refbase @ user @ Serial 757
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