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Author  |
Beran, M.J.; Smith, J.D.; Perdue, B.M. |
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Title |
Language-Trained Chimpanzees (Pan troglodytes) Name What They Have Seen but Look First at What They Have Not Seen |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2013 |
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Psychological Science |
Abbreviated Journal |
Psychol Sci |
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Metacognition can be defined as knowing what one knows, and the question of whether nonhuman animals are metacognitive has driven an intense debate. We tested 3 language-trained chimpanzees in an information-seeking task in which the identity of a food item was the critical piece of information needed to obtain the food. The chimpanzees could either report the identity of the food immediately or first check a container in which the food had been hidden. In two experiments, the chimpanzees were significantly more likely to visit the container first on trials in which they could not know its contents but were more likely to just name the food item without looking into the container on trials in which they had seen its contents. Thus, chimpanzees showed efficient information-seeking behavior that suggested they knew what they had or had not already seen when it was time to name a hidden item. |
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1Language Research Center, Georgia State University |
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0956-7976 |
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PMID:23508741 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
5659 |
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Author |
Beran, M.J.; Smith, J.D.; Redford, J.S.; Washburn, D.A. |
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Title |
Rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) monitor uncertainty during numerosity judgments |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2006 |
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Journal of Experimental Psychology. Animal Behavior Processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
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32 |
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2 |
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111-119 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Cognition; *Judgment; Macaca mulatta/*psychology; Male; Mathematics; *Pattern Recognition, Visual; *Uncertainty |
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Abstract |
Two rhesus macaques (Macaca mulatta) judged arrays of dots on a computer screen as having more or fewer dots than a center value that was never presented in trials. After learning a center value, monkeys were given an uncertainty response that let them decline to make the numerosity judgment on that trial. Across center values (3-7), errors occurred most often for sets adjacent in numerosity to the center value. The monkeys also used the uncertainty response most frequently on these difficult trials. A 2nd experiment showed that monkeys' responses reflected numerical magnitude and not the surface-area illumination of the displays. This research shows that monkeys' uncertainty-monitoring capacity extends to the domain of numerical cognition. It also shows monkeys' use of the purest uncertainty response possible, uncontaminated by any secondary motivator. |
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Language Research Center, Georgia State University, Atlanta, 30302, USA. mjberan@yahoo.com |
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0097-7403 |
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PMID:16634654 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2762 |
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Author |
Berg Wa, |
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Title |
Effective population size estimates and breeding in feral horses: A preliminary assessment |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
J Equine Vet. Sc. |
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6 |
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240-245 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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933 |
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Berge, J.; Cottier, F.; Last, K.S.; Varpe, O.; Leu, E.; Soreide, J.; Eiane, K.; Falk-Petersen, S.; Willis, K.; Nygard, H.; Vogedes, D.; Griffiths, C.; Johnsen, G.; Lorentzen, D.; Brierley, A.S. |
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Title |
Diel vertical migration of Arctic zooplankton during the polar night |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2008 |
Publication |
Biology Letters |
Abbreviated Journal |
Biol Lett |
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High-latitude environments show extreme seasonal variation in physical and biological variables. The classic paradigm of Arctic marine ecosystems holds that most biological processes slow down or cease during the polar night. One key process that is generally assumed to cease during winter is diel vertical migration (DVM) of zooplankton. DVM constitutes the largest synchronized movement of biomass on the planet, and is of paramount importance for marine ecosystem function and carbon cycling. Here we present acoustic data that demonstrate a synchronized DVM behaviour of zooplankton that continues throughout the Arctic winter, in both open and ice-covered waters. We argue that even during the polar night, DVM is regulated by diel variations in solar and lunar illumination, which are at intensities far below the threshold of human perception. We also demonstrate that winter DVM is stronger in open waters compared with ice-covered waters. This suggests that the biologically mediated vertical flux of carbon will increase if there is a continued retreat of the Arctic winter sea ice cover. |
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University Centre in Svalbard, Pb 156, 9171 Longyearbyen, Norway The Scottish Association for Marine Science, Dunstaffnage Marine Laboratories, Oban, Argyll PA37 1QA, UK |
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1744-9561 |
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PMID:18948249 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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4629 |
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Author |
BERGER J et al, |
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Title |
Chemical restraint of wild horses: Effects on reproduction and social structure |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1983 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
J Wildl Diseases |
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19 |
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265-268 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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941 |
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Author |
Berger J, |
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Title |
Reproductive fates of dispersers in a harem-dwelling ungulate: the wild horse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Mammalian Dispersal Patterns: The Effects of Social Structure on Population Genetics |
Abbreviated Journal |
Mammalian dispersal Patterns |
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41-54 |
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Chepko-Sade, B.D. ; Halpin, Z.T. |
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Mammalian Dispersal Patterns: The Effects of Social Structure on Population Genetics |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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940 |
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Author |
Berger J, |
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Title |
Ecology and catastrophic mortality in wild horses: Implantations for interpreting fossil assemblages |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1983 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Science 220 |
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1403-1404 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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937 |
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Author |
Berger J, |
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Title |
Predation, sex ratios, and male competition in equids |
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Journal Article |
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1983 |
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J Zool Lond |
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201 |
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205-216 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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Serial |
939 |
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Author |
Berger J, |
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Title |
The role of risks in mammalian combat: Zebra and onager fights |
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1981 |
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Abbreviated Journal |
Z Tierpsychol 56 |
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297-304 |
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from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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936 |
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Author |
Berger J. |
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Title |
Interspecific Interactions and Dominance among Wild Great Basin Ungulates |
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1985 |
Publication |
Journal of Mammalogy |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Mamm. |
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66 |
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3 |
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. 571-573 |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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2231 |
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