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Author  |
Rubenstein, D. I. |
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Title |
The ecology of female social behaviour in horses, zebras and asses |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1994 |
Publication |
Animal Societies |
Abbreviated Journal |
Animal Societies |
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13-28 |
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Kyoto University Press |
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Jarman, P.J.;, Rositter, A. |
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4-87698-014-4 |
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yes |
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1528 |
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Author |
Rubenstein, D. I., |
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Title |
Ecology and sociality in horses and zebras |
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Book Chapter |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Ecological Aspects of Social Evolution |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ecological Aspects of Social Evolution |
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282-302 |
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Princeton University Press |
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Princeton, NJ. |
Editor |
Rubenstein, D. I. ; Wrangham, R. W. |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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no |
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1526 |
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Author |
Rubenstein, D. I.; Hack, M. A. |
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Title |
Horse signals: The sounds and scents of fury |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1992 |
Publication |
Evolutionary Ecology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Evol. Ecol. |
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Volume |
6 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
254-260 |
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Keywords |
ommunication – combat – fighting ability – individual identity – signals – information – assessment – displays |
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During contests animals typically exchange information about fighting ability. Among feral horses these signals involve olfactory or acoustical elements and each type can effectively terminate contests before physical contact becomes necessary. Dung transplant experiments show that for stallions, irrespective of rank, olfactory signals such as dung sniffing encode information about familiarity suggesting that such signals can be used as signatures. As such they can provide indirect information about fighting ability as long as opponents associate identity with past performance. Play-back experiments, however, show that vocalizations, such as squeals, directly provide information about status regardless of stallion familiarity. Sonographs reveal that squeals of dominants are longer than those of subordinates and that only those of dominants have at their onset high-frequency components. |
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refbase @ user @ |
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506 |
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Author |
Rubenstein, D.I |
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Title |
Life history and social organization in arid adapted ungulates |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Journal of Arid Environments |
Abbreviated Journal |
J. Arid. Environ. |
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17 |
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145-156 |
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Notes |
from Professor Hans Klingels Equine Reference List |
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yes |
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Call Number |
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1527 |
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Author |
Rubenstein, D.I.; Hohmann, M.E |
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Title |
Parasites and Social Behavior of Island Feral Horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1989 |
Publication |
Oikos |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oikos |
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3 |
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Pages |
312-320 |
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Abstract |
The horses of Shackelford Banks, North Carolina, USA, are heavily parasitized by intestinal worms and harassed by dipterans, and although both types influence behavior only internal parasites affect bodily condition and the structuring of horse society. Thirteen species of internal parasites were identified, but only 4 of 13 groups contain them all and even within groups differences among individuals are large. Among individuals ova emissions vary ranging from 50 to 76,875 eggs per gram. The most important environmental factors influencing egg production are season and a group's location on the island, presumably because of salinity and soil differences and their effects on ova survival. Of the social and life history factors, age, and group size, but neither reproductive state nor dominance status are important. The fitness consequences of internal parasitism may be large since the number emitted is negatively correlated with next year's bodily condition. Biting fly burdens are also affected by a variety of environmental factors. In general, horses are covered with more flies on sunny days, when winds are moderately brisk, when occupying dunes, and around mid-day. In contrast to endoparasites, fly burden is affected by reproductive condition and dominance status and tends to decrease as groups increase in size. Since groups do not grow very large, nor do females attempt to bring groups together, the negative effects of endoparasites appear to overide those associated with ectoparasites. Consequently, endoparasites appear to exert a stronger influence on social structure, even though ectoparasites seem to play a stronger role in shaping details of behavior. |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2360 |
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Author |
Sundaresan, S.R.; Fischhoff, I.R.; Dushoff, J.; Rubenstein, D.I. |
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Title |
Network metrics reveal differences in social organization between two fission-fusion species, Grevy's zebra and onager |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2007 |
Publication |
Oecologia |
Abbreviated Journal |
Oecologia |
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Volume |
151 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
140-149 |
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Keywords |
Analysis of Variance; Animals; Behavior, Animal/*physiology; *Environment; Equidae/*physiology; Female; India; Kenya; Male; *Models, Theoretical; *Social Behavior; *Social Environment |
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For species in which group membership frequently changes, it has been a challenge to characterize variation in individual interactions and social structure. Quantifying this variation is necessary to test hypotheses about ecological determinants of social patterns and to make predictions about how group dynamics affect the development of cooperative relationships and transmission processes. Network models have recently become popular for analyzing individual contacts within a population context. We use network metrics to compare populations of Grevy's zebra (Equus grevyi) and onagers (Equus hemionus khur). These closely related equids, previously described as having the same social system, inhabit environments differing in the distribution of food, water, and predators. Grevy's zebra and onagers are one example of many sets of coarsely similar fission-fusion species and populations, observed elsewhere in other ungulates, primates, and cetaceans. Our analysis of the population association networks reveals contrasts consistent with their distinctive environments. Grevy's zebra individuals are more selective in their association choices. Grevy's zebra form stable cliques, while onager associations are more fluid. We find evidence that females associate assortatively by reproductive state in Grevy's zebra but not in onagers. The current approach demonstrates the utility of network metrics for identifying fine-grained variation among individuals and populations in association patterns. From our analysis, we can make testable predictions about behavioral mechanisms underlying social structure and its effects on transmission processes. |
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Department of Ecology and Evolutionary Biology, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ 08544, USA. ssundare@princeton.edu |
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English |
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0029-8549 |
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Notes |
PMID:16964497 |
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1863 |
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Author |
Zhang, Y.; Cao, Q.S.; Rubenstein, D.I.; Zang, S.; Songer, M.; Leimgruber, P.; Chu, H.; Cao, J.; Li, K.; Hu, D. |
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Title |
Water Use Patterns of Sympatric Przewalski's Horse and Khulan: Interspecific Comparison Reveals Niche Differences |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2015 |
Publication |
Plos One |
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Plos One |
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10 |
Issue |
7 |
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e0132094 |
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Acquiring water is essential for all animals, but doing so is most challenging for desert-living animals. Recently Przewalski's horse has been reintroduced to the desert area in China where the last wild surviving member of the species was seen before it vanished from China in the1960s. Its reintroduction placed it within the range of a close evolutionary relative, the con-generic Khulan. Determining whether or not these two species experience competition and whether or not such competition was responsible for the extinction of Przewalski's horses in the wild over 50 years ago, requires identifying the fundamental and realized niches of both species. We remotely monitored the presence of both species at a variety of water points during the dry season in Kalamaili Nature Reserve, Xinjiang, China. Przewalski's horses drank twice per day mostly during daylight hours at low salinity water sources while Khulans drank mostly at night usually at high salinity water points or those far from human residences. Spatial and temporal differences in water use enables coexistence, but suggest that Przewalski's horses also restrict the actions of Khulan. Such differences in both the fundamental and realized niches were associated with differences in physiological tolerances for saline water and human activity as well as differences in aggression and dominance. |
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Public Library of Science |
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Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
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6377 |
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