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Author |
Alexander, F. |
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Title |
The effect of diuretics on the faecal excretion of water and electrolytes in horses |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1977 |
Publication |
British journal of pharmacology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Br J Pharmacol |
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Volume |
60 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
589-593 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Body Water/*metabolism; Chlorides/metabolism; Electrolytes/*metabolism; Feces/*analysis; Furosemide/*pharmacology; Horses; Hydrochlorothiazide/*pharmacology; Male; Potassium/metabolism; Sodium/metabolism; Time Factors |
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1. The effect on plasma, urinary and faecal electrolytes of frusemide and hydrochlorthiazide was measured in ponies, mean weight 180 kg. 2. The rapid loss in urine of large quantities of sodium had only a small effect on plasma sodium concentration. 3. Faecal sodium excretion was increased substantially after the administration of frusemide. 4. Frusemide increased faecal potassium during the 48 h following administration and faecal water in the 24/48 h period. It also produced a hypopotassaemia. 5. Hydrochlorthiazide increased faecal chloride during the 24 h after administration. 6. Frusemide increased the intestinal transit time of both liquid (polyethylene glycol) and particulate (Cr2O3) markers. |
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0007-1188 |
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PMID:907872 |
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refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
111 |
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Author |
Alexander, F.; Davies, M.E. |
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Title |
Studies on vitamin B12 in the horse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1969 |
Publication |
The British veterinary journal |
Abbreviated Journal |
Br. Vet. J. |
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Volume |
125 |
Issue |
4 |
Pages |
169-176 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Biological Assay; Cattle; Chickens; Feces/analysis; Horses/*metabolism; Humans; Lactobacillus/metabolism; Rabbits; Rats; Sheep; Urine/analysis; Vitamin B 12/*analysis |
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0007-1935 |
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PMID:5814055 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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116 |
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Author |
Alexander, F. |
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Title |
A study of parotid salivation in the horse |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1966 |
Publication |
The Journal of physiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Physiol |
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Volume |
184 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
646-656 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Atropine/*pharmacology; Bicarbonates/metabolism; Calcium/metabolism; Chlorides/metabolism; Horses; Mastication/*physiology; Parotid Gland/*physiology; Pilocarpine/*pharmacology; Potassium/metabolism; Salivation/*drug effects; Sodium/metabolism; Tetracaine/*pharmacology |
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0022-3751 |
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PMID:5963737 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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119 |
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Author |
Hogan, D.E.; Zentall, T.R.; Pace, G. |
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Title |
Control of pigeons' matching-to-sample performance by differential sample response requirements |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1983 |
Publication |
The American journal of psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Am J Psychol |
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Volume |
96 |
Issue |
1 |
Pages |
37-49 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Association; *Color Perception; Columbidae; Cues; *Discrimination Learning; Reinforcement Schedule; Time Factors |
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Abstract |
Pigeons were trained on a matching-to-sample task in which sample hue and required sample-specific observing behavior provided redundant, relevant cues for correct choices. On trials that involved red and yellow hues as comparison stimuli, a fixed-ratio 16 schedule (FR 16) was required to illuminate the comparisons when the sample was red, and a differential-reinforcement-of-low-rates 3-sec schedule (DRL 3-sec) was required when the sample was yellow. On trials involving blue and green hues as comparison stimuli, an FR 16 schedule was required when the sample was blue and a DRL 3-sec schedule was required when the sample was green. For some pigeons, a 0-sec delay intervened between sample offset and comparison onset, whereas other pigeons experienced a random mixture of 0-sec and 2-sec delay trials. Test trial performance at 0-sec delay indicated that sample-specific behavior controlled choice performance considerably more than sample hue did. Test performance was independent of whether original training involved all 0-sec delay trials or a mixture of 0-sec and 2-sec delays. Sample-specific observing response requirements appear to facilitate pigeons' matching-to-sample performance by strengthening associations between the observing response and correct choice. |
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0002-9556 |
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PMID:6859346 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
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265 |
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Author |
Shettleworth, S.J. |
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Title |
Foraging, memory, and constraints on learning |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1985 |
Publication |
Annals of the New York Academy of Sciences |
Abbreviated Journal |
Ann N Y Acad Sci |
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Volume |
443 |
Issue |
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Pages |
216-226 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Wild; *Appetitive Behavior; *Avoidance Learning; Birds; *Conditioning, Classical; Discrimination Learning; Food Preferences; *Memory; *Mental Recall; Motivation; *Predatory Behavior; Rats; *Taste |
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0077-8923 |
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Notes |
PMID:3860072 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
384 |
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Author |
Shettleworth, S.J. |
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Title |
Reinforcement and the organization of behavior in golden hamsters: Pavlovian conditioning with food and shock unconditioned stimuli |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1978 |
Publication |
Journal of experimental psychology. Animal behavior processes |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Exp Psychol Anim Behav Process |
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Volume |
4 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
152-169 |
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Keywords |
Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; *Behavior, Animal; *Conditioning, Classical; Conditioning, Operant; Cricetinae; *Electroshock; Female; *Food; Male; Punishment; *Reinforcement (Psychology); Reinforcement Schedule |
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Abstract |
The effects of Pavlovian conditioned stimuli (CSs) for food or shock on a variety of behaviors of golden hamsters were observed in three experiments. The aim was to see whether previously reported differences among the behaviors produced by food reinforcement and punishment procedures could be accounted for by differential effects of Pavlovian conditioning on the behaviors. There was some correspondence between the behaviors observed to the CSs and the previously reported effects of instrumental training. However, the Pavlovian conditioned responses (CRs) alone would not have predicted the effects of instrumental training. Moreover, CRs depended to some extent on the context in which training and testing occurred. These findings, together with others in the literature, suggest that the results of Pavlovian conditioning procedures may not unambiguously predict what system of behaviors will be most readily modified by instrumental training with a given reinforcer. |
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0097-7403 |
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Notes |
PMID:670890 |
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no |
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Call Number |
refbase @ user @ |
Serial |
387 |
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Author |
Shettleworth, S.J. |
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Title |
Stimulus relevance in the control of drinking and conditioned fear responses in domestic chicks (Gallus gallus) |
Type |
Journal Article |
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Year |
1972 |
Publication |
Journal of comparative and physiological psychology |
Abbreviated Journal |
J Comp Physiol Psychol |
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Volume |
80 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
175-198 |
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Keywords |
Acoustic Stimulation; Animals; Auditory Perception; Chickens; *Conditioning (Psychology); Conditioning, Classical; Discrimination Learning; *Drinking Behavior; Electroshock; *Fear; *Light; Motor Activity; Photic Stimulation; Punishment; Quinine; *Sound; Taste; Visual Perception |
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0021-9940 |
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PMID:5047826 |
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refbase @ user @ |
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390 |
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Author |
Pichardo, M. |
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Title |
Valsequillo biostratigraphy. III: Equid ecospecies in Paleoindian sites |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
2000 |
Publication |
Anthropologischer Anzeiger; Bericht Uber die Biologisch-Anthropologische Literatur |
Abbreviated Journal |
Anthropol Anz |
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Volume |
58 |
Issue |
3 |
Pages |
275-298 |
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Keywords |
Animals; *Ecology; Horses/*classification; Mexico; *Paleodontology; Species Specificity |
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Abstract |
Greater precision in North American Pleistocene equid taxonomy makes it now possible to exploit the ubiquitous horse remains in Paleoindian sites as ecological index-fossils. The horses of Central Mexico and the Southern Plains can be sorted by tooth size alone, except for two rare large horses of the Southern Plains. The species endemic to these grasslands and south to Central Mexico are Equus pacificus (large), E. conversidens (small), E. francisci (smallest). The Southern Plains were also occupied by a specialized grazer E. excelsus (Burnet and Sandia caves) and E. occidentalis (Dry and Sandia caves). West of the Rocky Mountains E. occidentalis was dominant. East of the Mississippi River two woodland species are found: E. fraternus and E. littoralis. |
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0003-5548 |
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PMID:11082786 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2648 |
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Author |
Satorov, S.S.; Orzuev, M.I. |
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Title |
[Frequency of the isolation of staphylococci from domestic animals and strain identification] |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1987 |
Publication |
Zhurnal Mikrobiologii, Epidemiologii, i Immunobiologii |
Abbreviated Journal |
Zh Mikrobiol Epidemiol Immunobiol |
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Volume |
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Issue |
12 |
Pages |
37-39 |
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Keywords |
Animals; Animals, Domestic/*microbiology; Bacteriophage Typing; Carrier State/microbiology/veterinary; Cats; Ecology; Goats; Horses; Perissodactyla; Sheep; Staphylococcal Infections/microbiology/veterinary; Staphylococcus/classification/*isolation & purification |
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Abstract |
Staphylococci occur in donkeys more frequently than in other animals, and only from donkeys coagulase-negative staphylococci, characteristic of humans (S. hominis, S. capitis, S. cohnii), were isolated. Least frequently staphylococcal carrier state was registered in cats; in these animals only coagulase-negative strains were found to occur. From 30 donkeys coagulase-positive staphylococci belonging to 47 S. aureus strains were isolated. These strains differed from known ecological variants in their biological properties, thus suggesting the existence of S. aureus ecovar specific for donkeys. These strains did not coagulate human, bovine and ovine plasma, but coagulated rabbit plasma in 100% of cases and donkey plasma only in 53% of cases; at the same time they relatively often produced delta hemolysin, rarely phosphatase and hyaluronidase and never fibrinolysin. These strains were typed by KPC phages, mainly 116 and 117. |
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Russian |
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Original Title |
Chastota vydeleniia stafilokokkov u domashnykh zhivotnykh i identifikatsiia shtammov |
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0372-9311 |
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PMID:3445728 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2676 |
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Author |
Takai, S.; Narita, K.; Ando, K.; Tsubaki, S. |
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Title |
Ecology of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in soil on a horse-breeding farm |
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Journal Article |
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Year |
1986 |
Publication |
Veterinary Microbiology |
Abbreviated Journal |
Vet Microbiol |
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Volume |
12 |
Issue |
2 |
Pages |
169-177 |
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Keywords |
Actinomycetales/classification/*growth & development; Animals; Corynebacterium/classification/*growth & development; Feces/microbiology; Female; Horses; Serotyping; *Soil Microbiology |
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Abstract |
The ecology of Rhodococcus (Corynebacterium) equi in soil was studied on a horse-breeding farm. R. equi was cultured from soil at a depth of 0, 10, and 20 cm on the six sites of the farm at monthly intervals for 10 months from March to December of 1983. The highest numbers of R. equi were found in the surface soil. The mean number of bacteria in soil samples at every depth increased remarkably from 0 or 10(2) to 10(4) colony-forming units (CFU) g-1 of soil in the middle of April, and later decreased gradually. R. equi inoculated into six soil exudate broths prepared from surface soils at separate sites yielded suspensions with different optical densities, indicating differences in growth. The distribution of serotypes in the soil was similar to that in the horses on the farm. These findings indicated that R. equi could multiply in the soil and flourish in the cycle existing between horses and their soil environment. |
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0378-1135 |
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PMID:3750818 |
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Call Number |
Equine Behaviour @ team @ |
Serial |
2683 |
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